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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及25何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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monasteries。      There    also   resides   in  this  monastery   a    Brahman      teacher�察�

whose name also is Manjusri�撮�7�А�whom the Shamans of greatest virtue in 

the kingdom�察�and the mahayana Bhikshus honour and look up to。 

     The   cities   and   towns   of   this   country   are   the   greatest   of   all   in   the 

Middle   Kingdom。 The   inhabitants   are   rich   and prosperous�察  �and   vie   with 

one another in the practice of benevolence and righteousness。 Every year 

on   the   eighth   day   of   the   second   month   they   celebrate   a   procession   of 

images。 They make a four´wheeled car�察�and on it erect a structure of four 

storeys by means of bamboos tied together。 This is supported by a king´ 

post�察�with poles and lances slanting from it�察�and is rather more than twenty 

cubits high�察�having the shape of a tope。 White and silk´like cloth of hair��8�А�

is   wrapped   all   round   it�察  �which   is   then   painted   in   various   colours。   They 

make figures of devas�察�with gold�察�silver�察�and lapis lazuli grandly blended 

and having silken streamers and canopies hung out over them。 On the four 

sides are niches�察�with a Buddha seated in each�察�and a Bodhisattva standing 

in attendance on him。 There may be twenty cars�察�all grand and imposing�察�

but each one different from the others。 On the day mentioned�察�the monks 

and   laity   within   the   borders   all   come   together�察  �they   have   singers   and 

skilful musicians�察�they pay their devotion with flowers and incense。 The 

Brahmans come and invite the Buddhas to enter the city。 These do so in 

order�察�and remain two nights in it。 All through the night they keep lamps 

burning�察�have skilful music�察�and present offerings。 This is the practice in 

all the other kingdoms as well。 The Heads of the Vaisya families in them 



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establish in the cities houses for dispensing charity and medicines。 All the 

poor and destitute in the country�察�orphans�察�widowers�察�and childless men�察�

maimed people and cripples�察�and all who are diseased�察�go to those houses�察�

and   are    provided     with   every   kind   of   help�察  �and    doctors    examine     their 

diseases。 They get the food and medicines which their cases require�察�and 

are   made   to   feel   at   ease�察  �and   when   they   are   better�察  �they   go   away   of 

themselves。 

     When      king   Asoka     destroyed     the   seven    topes�察  。�intending��     to  make 

eighty´ four thousand�撮�9�А�the first which he made was the great tope�察�more 

than three le to the south of this city。 In front of this there is a footprint of 

Buddha�察�where a vihara has been built。 The door of it faces the north�察�and 

on   the   south   of   it   there   is   a   stone   pillar�察  �fourteen   or   fifteen   cubits   in 

circumference�察  �and   more   than   thirty   cubits   high�察  �on   which   there   is   an 

inscription�察�saying�察 �Asoka gave the jambudvipa to the general body of all 

the monks�察�and then redeemed it from them with money。 This he did three 

times。;��10�А  �North   from  the   tope   300   or   400   paces�察  �king Asoka   built   the 

city of Ne´le。��11�А�In it there is a stone pillar�察�which also is more than thirty 

feet high�察�with a lion on the top of it。 On the pillar there is an inscription 

recording the things which led to the building of Ne´le�察�with the number of 

the year�察�the day�察�and the month。 



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                                         NOTES 



     ��1�А�The modern Patna�察�lat。 25d 28s N。�察�lon。 85d 15s E。 The Sanskrit 

name means ;The city of flowers。; It is the Indian Florence。 

     ��2�А�See chap。 x�察�note 3。 Asoka transferred his court from Rajagriha to 

Pataliputtra�察�and there�察�in the eighteenth year of his reign�察�he convoked the 

third   Great   Synod��according�察  �at   least�察  �to   southern   Buddhism。   It   must 

have been held a few years before B。C。 250�察�Eitel says in 246。 

     ��3�А �The Vulture´hill�察─�so called because Mara�察�according to Buddhist 

tradition�察   �once   assumed     the  form    of  a  vulture   on   it  to  interrupt  the 

meditation     of  Ananda�察    �or�察 �more    probably�察  �because    it  was   a  resort  of 

vultures。 It was near Rajagriha�察�the earlier capital of Asoka�察�so that Fa´hien 

connects a legend of it with his account of Patna。 It abounded in caverns�察�

and was famous as a resort of ascetics。 

     ��4�А�A Brahman by cast�察�but a Buddhist in faith。 

     ��5�А�So�察 �by  the  help   of Julien's   ;Methode�察─  �I  transliterate  the  Chinese 

characters ��。�� ��。�� ��。�� ��。��。 Beal gives Radhasvami�察�his Chinese text having 

a   ��。��  between     ��。��  and   ��。��。  I  suppose    the  name     was   Radhasvami      or 

Radhasami。 

     ��6�А。�。�� ��。���察�the names of two kinds of schools�察�often occurring in the Li 

Ki    and   Mencius。     Why    should    there  not   have   been    schools   in  those 

monasteries in India as there were in China�拭�Fa´hien himself grew up with 

other boys in a monastery�察�and no doubt had to ;go to school。; And the 

next sentence shows us there might be schools for more advanced students 

as well as for the Sramaneras。 

     ��7�А�See chap。 xvi�察�note 22。 It is perhaps with reference to the famous 

Bodhisattva that the Brahman here is said to be ;also; named Manjusri。 

     ��8�А。拭�Cashmere cloth。 

     ��9�А�See chap。 xxiii�察�note 3。 

     ��10�А�We   wish   that   we   had   more   particulars   of   this   great   transaction�察�

and that we knew what value in money Asoka set on the whole world。 It is 

to be observed that he gave it to the monks�察�and did not receive it from 

them。 Their right was from him�察�and he bought it back。 He was the only 

;Power; that was。 



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    ��11�А�We know nothing more of Ne´le。 It could only have been a small 

place�察�an outpost for the defence of Pataliputtra。 



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                        CHAPTER XXVIII 



     RAJAGRIHA�察         �NEW      AND     OLD。     LEGENDS         AND     INCIDENTS 

CONNECTED WITH IT。 

     ��The travellers�� went on from this to the south´east for nine yojanas�察�

and came to a small solitary rocky hill�撮�1�А�at the head or end of which��2�А�

was an apartment of stone�察�facing the south��the place where Buddha sat�察�

when Sakra�察�Ruler of Devas�察�brought the deva´musician�察�Pancha´��sikha���撮�3�А�

to give pleasure to him by playing on his lute。 Sakra then asked Buddha 

about forty´two subjects�察�tracing ��the questions�� out with his finger one by 

one on the rock。��4�А�The prints of his tracing are still there�察�and here also 

there is a monastery。 

     A  yojana   south´west   from   this   place   brought   them   to   the   village   of 

Nala�撮�5�А�where Sariputtra��6�А�was born�察�and to which also he returned�察�and 

attained here his pari´nirvana。 Over the spot ��where his body was burned�� 

there was built a tope�察�which is still in existence。 

     Another   yojana   to   the   west   brought   them   to   New   Rajagriha�撮�7��the 

new city which was built by king Ajatasatru。 There were two monasteries 

in it。 Three hundred paces outside the west gate�察�king Ajatasatru�察�having 

obtained one portion of the relics of Buddha�察�built ��over them�� a tope�察�high�察�

large�察   �grand�察  �and   beautiful。   Leaving     the  city  by   the  south   gate�察  �and 

proceeding south four le�察�one enters a valley�察�and comes to a circular space 

formed by five hills�察�which stand all round it�察�and have the appearance of 

the suburban wall of a city。 Here was the old city of king Bimbisara�察�from 

east to west about five or six le�察�and from north to south seven or eight。 It 

was here that Sariputtra and Maudgalyayana first saw Upasena�撮�8�А�that the 

Nirgrantha��9�А  �made   a   pit   of   fire   and   poisoned   the   rice�察  �and   then   invited 

Buddha   ��to   eat   with   him���察  �that   king   Ajatasatru   made   a   black   elephant 

intoxicated with liquor�察�wishing him to injure Buddha�撮�10�А�and that at the 

north´east   corner   of   the   city   in   a   ��large��   curving   ��space��   Jivaka   built   a 

vihara in the garden of Ambapali�撮�11�А�and invited Buddha with his 1250 

disciples   to   it�察  �that   he   might   there   make   his   offerings   to   support   them。 

��These places�� are still there as of old�察�but inside the city all is emptiness 

and desolation�察�no man dwells in it。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А�Called by Hsuan´chwang Indra´sila´guha�察�or ;The cavern of Indra。; 

It has been identified with a hill near the village of Giryek�察�on the bank of 

the Panchana river�察�about thirty´six miles from Gaya。 The hill terminates 

in two peaks overhanging the river�察�and it is the more northern and higher 

of   these   which   Fa´hien   had   in   mind。   It   bears   an   oblong   terrace   covered 

with the ruins of several buildings�察�especially of a vihara。 

     ��2�А  �This    does    not  mean     the   top   or  summit     of   the  hill�察 �but   its 

;headland�察─�where it ended at the river。 

     ��3�А�See the account of this visit of Sakra in M。 B。�察�pp。 288´290。 It is 

from Hardy that we are able to complete here the name of the musician�察�

which appears in Fa´hien as only Pancha�察�or ;Five。; His harp or lute�察�we 

are told�察�was ;twelve miles long。; 

     ��4�А  �Hardy   ��M。   B。�察  �pp。   288�察  �289��   makes   the   subjects   only   thirteen�察�

which   are   still   to   be   found   in   one   of   the   Sutras  

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