a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及26何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
which are still to be found in one of the Sutras �─�the Dik´Sanga�察 �in the
Sakra´prasna Sutra;��。 Whether it was Sakra who wrote his questions�察 �or
Buddha who wrote the answers�察 �depends on the punctuation。 It seems
better to make Sakra the writer。
��5�А �Or Nalanda�察 �identified with the present Baragong。 A grand
monastery was subsequently built at it�察�famous by the residence for five
years of Hsuan´chwang。
��6�А�See chap。 xvi�察�note 11。 There is some doubt as to the statement that
Nala was his birthplace。
��7�А�The city of ;Royal Palaces�察─ �the residence of the Magadha kings
from Bimbisara to Asoka�察�the first metropolis of Buddhism�察�at the foot of
the Gridhrakuta mountains。 Here the first synod assembled within a year
after Sakyamuni's death。 Its ruins are still extant at the village of Rajghir�察�
sixteen miles S。W。 of Behar�察�and form an object of pilgrimage to the Jains
��E。 H。�察 �p。 100��。; It is called New Rajagriha to distinguish it from
Kusagarapura�察 �a few miles from it�察 �the old residence of the kings。 Eitel
says it was built by Bimbisara�察 �while Fa´hien ascribes it to Ajatasatru。 I
suppose the son finished what the father had begun。
��8�А �One of the five first followers of Sakyamuni。 He is also called
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Asvajit�察�in Pali Assaji�察�but Asvajit seems to be a military title= ;Master or
trainer of horses。; The two more famous disciples met him�察 �not to lead
him�察�but to be directed by him�察�to Buddha。 See Sacred Books of the East�察�
vol。 xiii�察�Vinaya Texts�察�pp。 144´147。
��9�А�One of the six Tirthyas ��Tirthakas=;erroneous teachers�察─�M。 B。�察�pp。
290´292�察�but I have not found the particulars of the attempts on Buddha's
life referred to by Fa´hien���察�or Brahmanical opponents of Buddha。 He was
an ascetic�察�one of the Jnati clan�察�and is therefore called Nirgranthajnati。 He
taught a system of fatalism�察�condemned the use of clothes�察�and thought he
could subdue all passions by fasting。 He had a body of followers�察 �who
called themselves by his name ��Eitel�察�pp。 84�察�85���察�and were the forerunners
of the Jains。
��10�А�The king was moved to this by Devadatta。 Of course the elephant
disappointed them�察�and did homage to Sakyamuni。 See Sacred Books of
the East�察�vol。 xx�察�Vinaya Texts�察�p。 247。
��11�А �See chap。 xxv�察 �note 3。 Jivaka was Ambapali's son by king
Bimbisara�察 �and devoted himself to the practice of medicine。 See the
account of him in the Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 xvii�察�Vinaya Texts�察�pp。
171´194。
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CHAPTER XXIX
GRIDHRA´KUTA HILL�察 �AND LEGENDS。 FA´HIEN PASSES A
NIGHT ON IT。 HIS REFLECTIONS。
Entering the valley�察 �and keeping along the mountains on the south´
east�察 �after ascending fifteen le�察 。�the travellers�� came to mount Gridhra´
kuta。��1�А�Three le before you reach the top�察�there is a cavern in the rocks�察�
facing the south�察�in which Buddha sat in meditation。 Thirty paces to the
north´west there is another�察�where Ananda was sitting in meditation�察�when
the deva Mara Pisuna�撮�2�А�having assumed the form of a large vulture�察�took
his place in front of the cavern�察�and frightened the disciple。 Then Buddha�察�
by his mysterious�察�supernatural power�察�made a cleft in the rock�察�introduced
his hand�察 �and stroked Ananda's shoulder�察 �so that his fear immediately
passed away。 The footprints of the bird and the cleft for ��Buddha's�� hand
are still there�察 �and hence comes the name of ;The Hill of the Vulture
Cavern。;
In front of the cavern there are the places where the four Buddhas sat。
There are caverns also of the Arhats�察�one where each sat and meditated�察�
amounting to several hundred in all。 At the place where in front of his
rocky apartment Buddha was walking from east to west ��in meditation���察�
and Devadatta�察 �from among the beetling cliffs on the north of the
mountain�察�threw a rock across�察�and hurt Buddha's toes�撮�3�А�the rock is still
there。��4�А�
The hall where Buddha preached his Law has been destroyed�察 �and
only the foundations of the brick walls remain。 On this hill the peak is
beautifully green�察�and rises grandly up�察�it is the highest of all the five hills。
In the New City Fa´hien bought incense´��sticks���察�flowers�察�oil and lamps�察�
and hired two bhikshus�察�long resident ��at the place���察�to carry them ��to the
peak��。 When he himself got to it�察�he made his offerings with the flowers
and incense�察�and lighted the lamps when the darkness began to come on。
He felt melancholy�察 �but restrained his tears and said�察 �Here Buddha
delivered the Surangama ��Sutra��。��5�А�I�察�Fa´hien�察�was born when I could not
meet with Buddha�察 �and now I only see the footprints which he has left�察�
and the place where he lived�察�and nothing more。; With this�察�in front of the
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rock cavern�察 �he chanted the Surangama Sutra�察 �remained there over the
night�察�and then returned towards the New City。��6�А�
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NOTES
��1�А�See chap。 xxviii�察�note 1。
��2�А �See chap。 xxv�察 �note 9。 Pisuna is a name given to Mara�察 �and
signifies ;sinful lust。;
��3�А�See M。 B。�察�p。 320。 Hardy says that Devadatta's attempt was ;by the
help of a machine�察─�but the oldest account in the Sacred Books of the East�察�
vol。 xx�察 �Vinaya Texts�察 �p。 245�察 �agrees with what Fa´hien implies that he
threw the rock with his own arm。
��4�А�And�察�as described by Hsuan´chwang�察�fourteen or fifteen cubits high�察�
and thirty paces round。
��5�А�See Mr。 Bunyiu Nanjio's ;Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of
the Buddhist Tripitaka�察─�Sutra Pitaka�察�Nos。 399�察�446。 It was the former of
these that came on this occasion to the thoughts and memory of Fa´hien。
��6�А�In a note ��p。 lx�� to his revised version of our author�察�Mr。 Beal says�察�
;There is a full account of this perilous visit of Fa´hien�察�and how he was
attacked by tigers�察 �in the 'History of the High Priests。'; But ;the high
priests; merely means distinguished monks�察 �eminent monks�察─ �as Mr。
Nanjio exactly renders the adjectival character。 Nor was Fa´hien ;attacked
by tigers; on the peak。 No ;tigers; appear in the Memoir。 ;Two black
lions; indeed crouched before him for a time this night�察 �licking their lips
and waving their tails�察─�but their appearance was to ;try�察─�and not to attack
him�察�and when they saw him resolute�察�they ;drooped their heads�察�put down
their tails�察�and prostrated themselves before him。; This of course is not an
historical account�察�but a legendary tribute to his bold perseverance。
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CHAPTER XXX
THE SRATAPARNA CAVE�察�OR CAVE OF THE FIRST COUNCIL。
LEGENDS。 SUICIDE OF A BHIKSHU。
Out from the old city�察�after walking over 300 paces�察�on the west of the
road�察。�the travellers�� found the Karanda Bamboo garden�撮�1�А�where the ��old��
vihara is still in existence�察 �with a company of monks�察 �who keep ��the
ground about it�� swept and watered。
North of the vihara two or three le there was the Smasanam�察 �which
name means in Chinese ;the field of graves into which the dead are
thrown。;��2�А�
As they kept along the mountain on the south�察�and went west for 300
paces�察�they found a dwelling among the rocks�察�named the Pippala cave�撮�3�А�
in which Buddha regularly sat in meditation after taking his ��midday��
meal。
Going on still to the west for five or six le�察�on the north of the hill�察�in
the shade�察 �they found the cavern called Srataparna�撮�4�А �the place where�察�
after the nirvana��5�А�of Buddha�察�500 Arhats collected the Sutras。 When they
brought the Sutras forth�察 �three lofty seats��6�А �had been prepared and
grandly ornamented。 Sariputtra occupied the one on the left�察 �and
Maudgalyayana that on the right。 Of the number of five hundred one was
wanting。 Mahakasyapa was president ��on the middle seat��。 Amanda was
then outside the door�察 �and could not get in。��7�А �At the place there was
��subsequently�� raised a tope�察�which is still existing。
Along ��the sides of�� the hill�察 �there are also a very great many cells
among the rocks�察 �where the various Arhans sat and meditated。 As you
leave the old city on the north�察�and go down east for three le�察�there is the
rock dwelling of Devadatta�察�and at a distance of fifty paces from it there is
a large�察 �square�察 �black rock。 Formerly there was a bhikshu�察 �who�察 �as he
walked backwards and forwards upon it�察 �thought with himself�此�This
body��8�А �is imperm