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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及26何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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which   are   still   to   be   found   in   one   of   the   Sutras   �─�the   Dik´Sanga�察  �in   the 

Sakra´prasna   Sutra;��。 Whether it   was   Sakra   who   wrote   his questions�察  �or 

Buddha   who   wrote   the   answers�察  �depends   on   the   punctuation。   It   seems 

better to make Sakra the writer。 

     ��5�А   �Or   Nalanda�察    �identified    with   the   present    Baragong。      A   grand 

monastery was subsequently built at it�察�famous by the residence for five 

years of Hsuan´chwang。 

     ��6�А�See chap。 xvi�察�note 11。 There is some doubt as to the statement that 

Nala was his birthplace。 

     ��7�А�The city of ;Royal Palaces�察─ �the residence of the Magadha kings 

from Bimbisara to Asoka�察�the first metropolis of Buddhism�察�at the foot of 

the Gridhrakuta mountains。 Here the first synod assembled within a year 

after Sakyamuni's death。 Its ruins are still extant at the village of Rajghir�察�

sixteen miles S。W。 of Behar�察�and form an object of pilgrimage to the Jains 

��E。    H。�察 �p。  100��。;    It  is  called   New     Rajagriha     to  distinguish    it  from 

Kusagarapura�察  �a   few   miles   from   it�察  �the   old   residence   of   the   kings。   Eitel 

says it   was built by Bimbisara�察 �while  Fa´hien ascribes   it to Ajatasatru。  I 

suppose the son finished what the father had begun。 

     ��8�А  �One   of   the   five   first   followers   of   Sakyamuni。   He   is   also   called 



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Asvajit�察�in Pali Assaji�察�but Asvajit seems to be a military title= ;Master or 

trainer   of   horses。;   The   two   more   famous   disciples   met   him�察  �not   to   lead 

him�察�but to be directed by him�察�to Buddha。 See Sacred Books of the East�察�

vol。 xiii�察�Vinaya Texts�察�pp。 144´147。 

     ��9�А�One of the six Tirthyas ��Tirthakas=;erroneous teachers�察─�M。 B。�察�pp。 

290´292�察�but I have not found the particulars of the attempts on Buddha's 

life referred to by Fa´hien���察�or Brahmanical opponents of Buddha。 He was 

an ascetic�察�one of the Jnati clan�察�and is therefore called Nirgranthajnati。 He 

taught a system of fatalism�察�condemned the use of clothes�察�and thought he 

could   subdue   all   passions   by   fasting。   He   had   a   body   of   followers�察  �who 

called themselves by his name ��Eitel�察�pp。 84�察�85���察�and were the forerunners 

of the Jains。 

     ��10�А�The king was moved to this by Devadatta。 Of course the elephant 

disappointed them�察�and did homage to Sakyamuni。 See Sacred Books of 

the East�察�vol。 xx�察�Vinaya Texts�察�p。 247。 

     ��11�А   �See   chap。   xxv�察  �note   3。  Jivaka    was   Ambapali's      son   by  king 

Bimbisara�察     �and   devoted    himself    to  the   practice   of  medicine。     See   the 

account of him in the Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 xvii�察�Vinaya Texts�察�pp。 

171´194。 



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                           CHAPTER XXIX 



     GRIDHRA´KUTA              HILL�察   �AND     LEGENDS。         FA´HIEN      PASSES       A 

NIGHT ON IT。 HIS REFLECTIONS。 

     Entering   the   valley�察  �and   keeping   along   the   mountains   on   the   south´ 

east�察  �after   ascending   fifteen   le�察  。�the   travellers��   came   to   mount   Gridhra´ 

kuta。��1�А�Three le before you reach the top�察�there is a cavern in the rocks�察�

facing the south�察�in which Buddha sat in meditation。 Thirty paces to the 

north´west there is another�察�where Ananda was sitting in meditation�察�when 

the deva Mara Pisuna�撮�2�А�having assumed the form of a large vulture�察�took 

his place in front of the cavern�察�and frightened the disciple。 Then Buddha�察�

by his mysterious�察�supernatural power�察�made a cleft in the rock�察�introduced 

his   hand�察  �and   stroked   Ananda's   shoulder�察  �so   that   his   fear   immediately 

passed away。 The footprints of the bird and the cleft for ��Buddha's�� hand 

are   still   there�察  �and   hence   comes   the   name   of   ;The   Hill   of   the   Vulture 

Cavern。; 

     In front of the cavern there are the places where the four Buddhas sat。 

There are caverns also of the Arhats�察�one where each sat and meditated�察�

amounting   to   several   hundred   in   all。 At   the   place   where   in   front   of   his 

rocky apartment   Buddha was   walking   from east   to west   ��in   meditation���察�

and    Devadatta�察    �from    among     the   beetling    cliffs  on   the  north    of  the 

mountain�察�threw a rock across�察�and hurt Buddha's toes�撮�3�А�the rock is still 

there。��4�А�

     The   hall   where   Buddha   preached   his   Law   has   been   destroyed�察  �and 

only   the   foundations   of   the   brick   walls   remain。   On   this   hill   the   peak   is 

beautifully green�察�and rises grandly up�察�it is the highest of all the five hills。 

In the New City Fa´hien bought incense´��sticks���察�flowers�察�oil and lamps�察�

and hired two bhikshus�察�long resident ��at the place���察�to carry them ��to the 

peak��。 When he himself got to it�察�he made his offerings with the flowers 

and incense�察�and lighted the lamps when the darkness began to come on。 

He    felt  melancholy�察     �but  restrained    his  tears   and   said�察  �Here    Buddha 

delivered the Surangama ��Sutra��。��5�А�I�察�Fa´hien�察�was born when I could not 

meet with   Buddha�察  �and now  I  only  see  the  footprints   which   he has  left�察�

and the place where he lived�察�and nothing more。; With this�察�in front of the 



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rock   cavern�察  �he   chanted   the   Surangama   Sutra�察  �remained   there   over   the 

night�察�and then returned towards the New City。��6�А�



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                                         NOTES 



     ��1�А�See chap。 xxviii�察�note 1。 

     ��2�А  �See   chap。   xxv�察  �note   9。  Pisuna   is  a  name    given   to  Mara�察   �and 

signifies ;sinful lust。; 

     ��3�А�See M。 B。�察�p。 320。 Hardy says that Devadatta's attempt was ;by the 

help of a machine�察─�but the oldest account in the Sacred Books of the East�察�

vol。   xx�察  �Vinaya   Texts�察  �p。   245�察  �agrees   with   what   Fa´hien   implies   that   he 

threw the rock with his own arm。 

     ��4�А�And�察�as described by Hsuan´chwang�察�fourteen or fifteen cubits high�察�

and thirty paces round。 

     ��5�А�See Mr。 Bunyiu Nanjio's ;Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of 

the Buddhist Tripitaka�察─�Sutra Pitaka�察�Nos。 399�察�446。 It was the former of 

these that came on this occasion to the thoughts and memory of Fa´hien。 

     ��6�А�In a note ��p。 lx�� to his revised version of our author�察�Mr。 Beal says�察�

;There is a full account of this perilous visit of Fa´hien�察�and how he was 

attacked   by   tigers�察  �in   the   'History   of   the   High   Priests。';   But   ;the   high 

priests;    merely    means    distinguished     monks�察    �eminent     monks�察─    �as  Mr。 

Nanjio exactly renders the adjectival character。 Nor was Fa´hien ;attacked 

by   tigers;   on   the   peak。   No   ;tigers;   appear   in   the   Memoir。   ;Two   black 

lions; indeed crouched before him for a time this night�察 �licking their lips 

and waving their tails�察─�but their appearance was to ;try�察─�and not to attack 

him�察�and when they saw him resolute�察�they ;drooped their heads�察�put down 

their tails�察�and prostrated themselves before him。; This of course is not an 

historical account�察�but a legendary tribute to his bold perseverance。 



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                            CHAPTER XXX 



     THE SRATAPARNA CAVE�察�OR CAVE OF THE FIRST COUNCIL。 

LEGENDS。 SUICIDE OF A BHIKSHU。 

     Out from the old city�察�after walking over 300 paces�察�on the west of the 

road�察。�the travellers�� found the Karanda Bamboo garden�撮�1�А�where the ��old�� 

vihara   is   still   in   existence�察  �with   a   company   of   monks�察  �who   keep   ��the 

ground about it�� swept and watered。 

     North   of   the   vihara   two   or   three   le   there   was   the   Smasanam�察  �which 

name   means   in      Chinese   ;the    field   of   graves  into   which   the   dead   are 

thrown。;��2�А�

     As they kept along the mountain on the south�察�and went west for 300 

paces�察�they found a dwelling among the rocks�察�named the Pippala cave�撮�3�А�

in   which   Buddha   regularly   sat   in   meditation   after   taking   his   ��midday�� 

meal。 

     Going on still to the west for five or six le�察�on the north of the hill�察�in 

the   shade�察  �they   found   the   cavern   called   Srataparna�撮�4�А  �the   place   where�察�

after the nirvana��5�А�of Buddha�察�500 Arhats collected the Sutras。 When they 

brought     the   Sutras   forth�察  �three   lofty  seats��6�А   �had   been   prepared     and 

grandly      ornamented。      Sariputtra     occupied     the   one    on   the   left�察 �and 

Maudgalyayana that on the right。 Of the number of five hundred one was 

wanting。  Mahakasyapa   was   president   ��on   the   middle   seat��。 Amanda   was 

then   outside   the   door�察  �and   could   not   get   in。��7�А  �At   the   place   there   was 

��subsequently�� raised a tope�察�which is still existing。 

     Along   ��the   sides   of��   the   hill�察  �there   are   also   a   very   great   many   cells 

among   the   rocks�察  �where   the   various   Arhans   sat   and   meditated。   As   you 

leave the old city on the north�察�and go down east for three le�察�there is the 

rock dwelling of Devadatta�察�and at a distance of fifty paces from it there is 

a   large�察  �square�察  �black   rock。   Formerly   there   was   a   bhikshu�察  �who�察  �as   he 

walked     backwards      and   forwards     upon   it�察 �thought   with   himself�此�This 

body��8�А  �is   imperm

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