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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及27何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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walked     backwards      and   forwards     upon   it�察 �thought   with   himself�此�This 

body��8�А  �is   impermanent�察  �a   thing   of   bitterness   and   vanity�撮�9�А  �and   which 

cannot be looked on as pure。��10�А�I am weary of this body�察�and troubled by 

it as an evil。; With this he grasped a knife�察�and was about to kill himself。 

But he thought again�此�The World´honoured one laid down a prohibition 



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against one's killing himself。;��11�А�Further it occurred to him�此�Yes�察�he did�察�

but I now only wish to kill three poisonous thieves。;��12�А�Immediately with 

the knife he cut his throat。 With the first gash into the flesh he attained the 

state of a Srotapanna�撮�13�А�when he had gone half through�察�he attained to 

be an Anagamin�撮�14�А�and when he had cut right through�察�he was an Arhat�察�

and attained to pari´nirvana�撮�15�А。�and died��。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А�Karanda Venuvana�察�a park presented to Buddha by king Bimbisara�察�

who also built a vihara in it。 See the account of the transaction in M。 B。�察�p。 

194。   The   place   was   called   Karanda�察  �from   a   creature   so   named�察  �which 

awoke the king just as a snake was about to bite him�察�and thus saved his 

life。   In   Hardy   the   creature   appears   as   a   squirrel�察  �but   Eitel   says   that   the 

Karanda   is   a   bird   of   sweet   voice�察  �resembling   a   magpie�察  �but   herding   in 

flocks�察�the /cuculus melanoleucus/。 See ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�p。 118。 

     ��2�А�The language here is rather contemptuous�察�as if our author had no 

sympathy with any other mode of disposing of the dead�察�but by his own 

Buddhistic method of cremation。 

     ��3�А�The Chinese characters used for the name of this cavern serve also 

to name the pippala ��peepul�� tree�察�the /ficus religiosa/。 They make us think 

that   there   was   such   a   tree   overshadowing   the   cave�察  �but   Fa´hien   would 

hardly have neglected to mention such a circumstance。 

     ��4�А�A very great place in the annals of Buddhism。 The Council in the 

Srataparna   cave   did   not   come   together   fortuitously�察  �but   appears   to   have 

been convoked by the older members to settle the rules and doctrines of 

the   order。   The   cave   was   prepared   for   the   occasion   by   king   Ajatasatru。 

From the expression about the ;bringing forth of the King�察─�it would seem 

that the   Sutras or some   of   them had   been   already  committed to   writing。 

May not the meaning of King ��。�� here be extended to the Vinaya rules�察�as 

well as the Sutras�察�and mean ;the standards; of the system generally�拭�See 

Davids' Manual�察�chapter ix�察�and Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 xx�察�Vinaya 

Texts�察�pp。 370´385。 

     ��5�А�So in the text�察�evidently for pari´nirvana。 

     ��6�А  �Instead    of  ;high;   seats�察  �the  Chinese    texts   have   ;vacant。;    The 

character   for  ;prepared;   denotes   ;spread�察�they   were   carpeted�察  �perhaps�察�

both   cushioned   and   carpeted�察  �being   rugs   spread   on   the   ground�察  �raised 

higher than the other places for seats。 

     ��7�А�Did they not contrive to let him in�察�with some cachinnation�察�even in 

so august an assembly�察�that so important a member should have been shut 

out�拭�



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     ��8�А �The life of this body; would�察�I think�察�fairly express the idea of the 

bhikshu。 

     ��9�А�See the account of Buddha's preaching in chapter xviii。 

     ��10�А�The sentiment of this clause is not easily caught。 

     ��11�А�See E。 M。�察�p。 152�此�Buddha made a law forbidding the monks to 

commit suicide。 He prohibited any one from discoursing on the miseries of 

life in such a manner as to cause desperation。; See also M。 B。�察�pp。 464�察�

465。 

     ��12�А�Beal says�此�Evil desire�察�hatred�察�ignorance。; 

     ��13�А�See chap。 xx�察�note 10。 

     ��14�А�The Anagamin belong to the third degree of Buddhistic saintship�察�

the third class of Aryas�察�who are no more liable to be reborn as men�察�but 

are   to   be   born   once   more   as   devas�察  �when   they   will   forthwith   become 

Arhats�察�and attain to nirvana。 E。 H。�察�pp。 8�察�9。 

     ��15�А  �Our   author   expresses   no   opinion   of   his   own   on   the   act   of   this 

bhikshu。 Must it not have been a good act�察�when it was attended�察�in the 

very act of performance�察�by such blessed consequences�拭�But if Buddhism 

had   not   something   better   to   show   than   what   appears   here�察  �it   would   not 

attract   the  interest   which   it   now  does。 The bhikshu   was   evidently  rather 

out of his mind�察�and the verdict of a coroner's inquest of this nineteenth 

century would have pronounced that he killed himself ;in a fit of insanity。; 



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                         CHAPTER XXXI 



       GAYA。   SAKYAMUNI'S              ATTAINING        TO   THE    BUDDHASHIP�察�

AND OTHER LEGENDS。 

    From   this   place�察  �after   travelling   to   the   west   for   four   yojanas�察  。�the 

pilgrims�� came to the city of Gaya�撮�1�А�but inside the city all was emptiness 

and desolation。 Going on again to the south for twenty le�察�they arrived at 

the   place   where    the  Bodhisattva    for  six  years   practised   with   himself 

painful austerities。 All around was forest。 

     Three le west from here they came to the place where�察�when Buddha 

had gone into the water to bathe�察�a deva bent down the branch of a tree�察�by 

means of which he succeeded in getting out of the pool。��2�А�

     Two    le  north   from    this  was   the  place   where    the   Gramika     girls 

presented   to   Buddha   the   rice´gruel   made   with   milk�撮�3�А �and   two   le north 

from this ��again�� was the place where�察�seated on a rock under a great tree�察�

and facing the east�察�he ate ��the gruel��。 The tree and the rock are there at the 

present day。 The rock may be six cubits in breadth and length�察�and rather 

more than two cubits in height。 In Central India the cold and heat are so 

equally tempered that trees will live in it for several thousand and even for 

ten thousand years。 

    Half a yojana from this place to the north´east there was a cavern in 

the rocks�察 �into   which   the  Bodhisattva  entered�察 �and   sat   cross´legged   with 

his face to the west。 ��As he did so���察�he said to himself�察 �If I am to attain to 

perfect    wisdom     ��and    become     Buddha���察    �let  there  be   a  supernatural 

attestation of it。; On the wall of the rock there appeared immediately the 

shadow of a Buddha�察�rather more than three feet in length�察�which is still 

bright at   the present day。 At   this moment   heaven and   earth were   greatly 

moved�察�and devas in the air spoke plainly�察 �This is not the place where any 

Buddha of the past�察�or he that is to come�察�has attained�察�or will attain�察�to 

perfect Wisdom。 Less than half a yojana from this to the south´west will 

bring you to the patra��4�А�tree�察�where all past Buddhas have attained�察�and 

all to come must attain�察�to perfect Wisdom。; When they had spoken these 

words�察�they immediately led the way forwards to the place�察�singing as they 

did so。 As they thus went away�察�the Bodhisattva arose and walked ��after 



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them��。 At   a   distance   of   thirty   paces   from   the   tree�察  �a   deva   gave   him   the 

grass   of   lucky   omen�撮�5�А  �which   he   received   and   went   on。 After   ��he   had 

proceeded�� fifteen paces�察�500 green birds came flying towards him�察�went 

round him thrice�察�and disappeared。 The Bodhisattva went forward to the 

patra tree�察�placed   the kusa grass at   the foot   of it�察 �and sat down with his 

face   to   the   east。 Then   king   Mara   sent   three   beautiful   young   ladies�察  �who 

came from the north�察�to tempt him�察�while he himself came from the south 

to do the same。 The Bodhisattva put his toes down on the ground�察�and the 

demon   soldiers   retired   and   dispersed�察  �and   the   three   young   ladies   were 

changed into old ��grand´��mothers。��6�А�

     At the place mentioned above of the six years' painful austerities�察�and 

at all these other places�察�men subsequently reared topes and set up images�察�

which all exist at the present day。 

     Where      Buddha�察    �after  attaining    to  perfect   wisdom�察    �for  seven    days 

contemplated the tree�察�and experienced the joy of vimukti�撮�7�А�where�察�under 

the patra   tree�察  �he   walked   backwards   and   forwards   from  west   to   east   for 

seven days�察�where the devas made a hall appear�察�composed of the seven 

precious substances�察�and presented offerings to him for seven days�察�where 

the blind dragon Muchilinda��8�А�encircled him for seven days�察�where he sat 

under the nyagrodha tree�察�on a square rock�察�with his face to the east�察�and 

Brahma´deva��9�А�came and made his request to him�察�where the four deva 

kings brought to him their alms´ bowls�撮�10�А�where the 500 merchants��11�А�

presented to him the roasted flour and honey�察�and where he converted the 

brothers   Kasyapa   and   their   thousand        disciples�撮�12��at   all   these   places 

topes were reared。 

     At the place where Buddha attained to perfect Wisdom�察�there are three 

monasteries�察�in all of which there are monks residing。 The families of their 

people     around    supply    the  societies    of  these   monks     with   an  abundant 

sufficiency of what they require�察�so that there is no lack or stint。��13�А�The 

disciplinary rules are st

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