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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及35何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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the sun�察�moon�察�and stars was it possible to go forward。 If the weather were 



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dark and rainy�察。�the ship�� went as she was carried by the wind�察�without any 

definite course。 In the darkness of the night�察�only the great waves were to 

be seen�察�breaking on one another�察�and emitting a brightness like that of fire�察�

with    huge    turtles   and   other   monsters     of   the  deep    ��all  about��。   The 

merchants were full of terror�察�not knowing where they were going。 The sea 

was deep and bottomless�察�and there was no place where they could drop 

anchor and stop。 But when the sky became clear�察�they could tell east and 

west�察�and ��the ship�� again went forward in the right direction。 If she had 

come on any hidden rock�察�there would have been no way of escape。 

     After   proceeding   in   this   way   for   rather   more   than   ninety   days�察  �they 

arrived at a country called Java´dvipa�察�where various forms of error and 

Brahmanism are flourishing�察�while Buddhism in it is not worth speaking 

of。   After   staying   there   for  five   months�察   。�Fa´hien��    again   embarked      in 

another large merchantman�察�which also had on board more than 200 men。 

They carried provisions for fifty days�察�and commenced the voyage on the 

sixteenth day of the fourth month。 

     Fa´hien kept his retreat on board the ship。 They took a course to the 

north´east�察  �intending     to  fetch   Kwang´chow。   After       more   than    a  month�察�

when the night´drum had sounded the second watch�察�they encountered a 

black     wind    and   tempestuous      rain�察  �which    threw    the   merchants      and 

passengers into consternation。 Fa´hien again with all his heart directed his 

thoughts   to   Kwan´she´yin   and   the   monkish   communities   of   the   land   of 

Han�察�and�察�through their dread and mysterious protection�察�was preserved to 

day´break。 After   day´break�察  �the   Brahmans   deliberated   together   and   said�察�

;It is having this Sramana on board which has occasioned our misfortune 

and brought us this great and bitter suffering。 Let us land the bhikshu and 

place   him   on   some   island´shore。   We   must   not   for   the   sake   of   one   man 

allow ourselves to be exposed to such imminent peril。; A patron of Fa´hien�察�

however�察�said to them�察 �If you land the bhikshu�察�you must at the same time 

land   me�察  �and   if   you   do   not�察  �then   you   must   kill   me。   If   you   land   this 

Sramana�察�when I get to the land of Han�察�I will go to the king�察�and inform 

against you。 The king also reveres and believes the Law of Buddha�察�and 

honours the bhikshus。; The merchants hereupon were perplexed�察�and did 

not dare immediately to land ��Fa´hien��。 



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     At this time the sky continued very dark and gloomy�察�and the sailing´ 

masters looked at one another and made mistakes。 More than seventy days 

passed ��from their leaving Java���察�and the provisions and water were nearly 

exhausted。 They used the salt´water of the sea for cooking�察�and carefully 

divided the ��fresh�� water�察�each man getting two pints。 Soon the whole was 

nearly   gone�察  �and   the   merchants   took   counsel   and   said�察   �At   the   ordinary 

rate of sailing we ought to have reached Kwang´chow�察�and now the time is 

passed     by    many     days��must      we    not   have    held   a   wrong     course�拭─�

Immediately they directed the ship to the north´ west�察�looking out for land�察�

and after sailing day and night for twelve days�察�they reached the shore on 

the   south   of   mount   Lao�撮�8�А  �on   the   borders   of   the   prefecture   of   Ch'ang´ 

kwang�撮�8�А  �and      immediately   got      good   water     and   vegetables。    They   had 

passed   through   many   perils   and   hardships�察  �and   had   been   in   a   state   of 

anxious apprehension for many days together�察�and now suddenly arriving 

at   this  shore�察   �and   seeing    those   ��well´known��       vegetables�察    �the  lei  and 

kwoh�撮�9�А  �they      knew    indeed    that   it  was  the   land   of  Han。    Not   seeing�察�

however�察     �any   inhabitants     nor  any    traces   of  them�察   �they   did  not   know 

whereabouts   they   were。   Some   said   that   they  had   not   yet   got   to   Kwang´ 

chow�察  �and   others   that   they   had   passed   it。   Unable   to   come   to   a   definite 

conclusion�察。�some of them�� got into a small boat and entered a creek�察�to 

look   for   some   one   of   whom   they   might   ask   what   the   place   was。   They 

found two hunters�察�whom they brought back with them�察�and then called on 

Fa´hien     to   act  as   interpreter    and   question    them。    Fa´hien     first  spoke 

assuringly to them�察�and then slowly and distinctly asked them�察 �Who are 

you�拭─�They replied�察 �We are disciples of Buddha�拭─�He then asked�察 �What 

are you looking for among these hills�拭─�They began to lie�撮�10�А�and said�察�

;To´morrow is the fifteenth day of the seventh month。 We wanted to get 

some peaches to present��11�А�to Buddha。; He asked further�察 �What country 

is   this�拭─  �They   replied�察   �This   is   the   border   of   the   prefecture   of   Ch'ang´ 

kwang�察�a part of Ts'ing´chow under the ��ruling�� House of Tsin。; When they 

heard this�察�the merchants were glad�察�immediately asked for ��a portion of�� 

their money and goods�察�and sent men to Ch'ang´kwang city。 

     The prefect Le E was a reverent believer in the Law of Buddha。 When 

he heard that a Sramana had arrived in a ship across the sea�察�bringing with 



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him   books   and   images�察  �he   immediately   came   to   the   seashore   with   an 

escort to meet ��the traveller���察�and receive the books and images�察�and took 

them back with him to the seat of his government。 On this the merchants 

went back in the direction of Yang´chow�撮�12�А。�but�� when ��Fa´hien�� arrived 

at Ts'ing´chow�察  。�the   prefect   there����13�А  �begged   him  ��to   remain   with   him�� 

for a winter and a summer。 After the summer retreat was ended�察�Fa´hien�察�

having been separated for a long time from his ��fellow´��masters�察�wished to 

hurry    to  Ch'ang´gan�察     �but  as  the   business    which    he  had   in  hand    was 

important�察�he went south to the Capital�撮�14�А�and at an interview with the 

masters     ��there��   exhibited    the  Sutras   and   the   collection   of   the  Vinaya 

��which he had procured��。 

     After Fa´hien set out from Ch'ang´gan�察�it took him six years to reach 

Central India�撮�15�А�stoppages there extended over ��other�� six years�察�and on 

his   return   it   took   him   three   years   to   reach   Ts'ing´chow。   The   countries 

through which he passed were a few under thirty。 From the sandy desert 

westwards      on   to  India�察  �the  beauty    of  the  dignified   demeanour       of  the 

monkhood and of the transforming influence of the Law was beyond the 

power of language fully to describe�察�and reflecting how our masters had 

not heard any complete account of them�察�he therefore ��went on�� without 

regarding his own poor life�察�or ��the dangers to be encountered�� on the sea 

upon his return�察�thus incurring hardships and difficulties in a double form。 

He was fortunate enough�察�through the dread power of the three Honoured 

Ones�撮�15�А  �to   receive   help   and   protection   in   his   perils�察  �and   therefore   he 

wrote out an account of his experiences�察�that worthy readers might share 

with him in what he had heard and said。��15�А�

     It was in the year Keah´yin�撮�16�А�the twelfth year of the period E´he of 

the   ��Eastern��    Tsin   dynasty�察   �the  year´star   being    in  Virgo´Libra�察    �in  the 

summer�察�at the close of the period of retreat�察�that I met the devotee Fa´hien。 

On his arrival I lodged him with myself in the winter study�撮�17�А�and there�察�

in our meetings for conversation�察�I asked him again and again about his 

travels。    The   man    was   modest     and   complaisant�察    �and   answered     readily 

according to the truth。 I thereupon advised him to enter into details where 

he had at first only given a summary�察�and he proceeded to relate all things 

in   order   from   the   beginning   to   the   end。   He   said   himself�察   �When   I   look 



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back on what I have gone through�察�my heart is involuntarily moved�察�and 

the perspiration flows forth。 That I encountered danger and trod the most 

perilous places�察�without thinking of or sparing myself�察�was because I had a 

definite aim�察�and thought of nothing but to do my best in my simplicity 

and straightforwardness。 Thus it was that I exposed my life where death 

seemed inevitable�察�if I might accomplish but a ten´thousandth part of what 

I hoped。; These words affected me in turn�察�and I thought�此�This man is 

one of those who have seldom been seen from ancient times to the present。 

Since the Great Doctrine flowed on to the East there has been no one to be 

compared   with   Hien in his   forgetfulness   of   self   and search   for   the   Law。 

Henceforth      I  know    that  the   influence    of  sincerity   finds   no  obstacle�察�

however great�察�which it does not overcome�察�and that force of will does not 

fail   to   accomplish      whatever      service   it  undertakes。     Does     not   the 

accomplishing   of   such   service   arise   from   forgetting   ��and   disregarding�� 

what is ��generally�� considered as important�察�and attaching importance to 

what is ��generally�� forgotten�拭�



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