life of francis marion(弗朗西丝·马利翁传)-第3部分
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of a tender mother； Francis Marion was induced to abandon the sea； for an
element； on which he was to become singularly useful。 His mother's
maiden name was Cordes； and she also was of French extraction。 Engaged
in cultivating the soil； we hear no more of Marion for ten years。 Mr。 Henry
Ravenel； of Pineville； now more than 70 years of age； knew him in the
year 1758； he had then lost his father； and； removing with his mother and
brother Gabriel from Georgetown； they settled for one year near Frierson's
lock； on the present Santee canal。 The next year Gabriel removed to Belle
Isle； in St。 Stephen's parish； late the residence of his son； the Hon。 Robert
Marion。 Francis settled himself in St。 John's； at a place called Pond Bluff；
from the circumstance of there being a pond at the bottom of a bluff；
fronting the river low grounds。 This place is situated about four miles
below Eutaw； on the Santee； and he continued to hold it during life。*
Others fix his settling in St。 John's； at a later period： this is of little
consequence； but what is of some； was that in this most useful of all
stations； a tiller of the ground； he was industrious and successful。 In the
same year； 1759； the Cherokee war broke out； and he turned out as a
volunteer； in his brother's troop of provincial cavalry。 In 1761； he served in
the expedition under Col。 Grant； as a lieutenant in Captain Wm。 Moultrie's
company； forming part of a provincial regiment； commanded by Col。
Middleton。 It is believed that he distinguished himself in this expedition；
in a severe conflict between Col。 Grant and the Indians； near Etchoee； an
Indian town； but； if he did so； the particulars have not been handed down
to us； by any official account。 General Moultrie says of him； 〃he was an
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Life of Marion。
active； brave； and hardy soldier； and an excellent partisan officer。〃 We
come now to that part of Marion's life； where； acting in a more
conspicuous situation； things are known of him； with more certainty。 In the
beginning of the year 1775； he was elected one； of what was then called
the provincial congress of South Carolina； from St。 John's。 This was the
public body which agreed to the famous continental association；
recommended by congress； to prevent the importation of goods； wares；
and merchandizes； from Great Britain： they likewise put a stop to all suits
at law； except where debtors refused to renew their obligations； and to give
reasonable security； or when justly suspected of intentions to leave the
province； or to defraud their creditors； and they appointed committees in
the several districts and parishes in the state； which were called
committees of public safety； to carry these acts into effect。 These exercised
high municipal authority； and supported generally by a population
sometimes intemperate； inflicted singular punishments** upon such as
were not only guilty； but even suspected； of infringing the association。 The
provincial congress also； after receiving the news of the battle of
Lexington； determined upon a defensive war； and resolved to raise two
regiments of infantry； and one of cavalry。 Marion was elected a captain in
the second regiment of these two； of which William Moultrie was colonel。
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney； and Thomas Pinckney； since so much
distinguished； were likewise elected captains in this regiment at the same
time。 The first of Captain Marion's appearing in arms against the British；
was in the latter part of this year； when he acted as one of three captains
under Colonel Motte； in taking possession of Fort Johnson； on James
Island。 On this occasion much resistance was expected； but the garrison
abandoned the fort； and escaped to two British vessels； the Tamar and
Cherokee； then lying in Charleston harbour。 In the autumn of the same
year a post was established at Dorchester； where it was thought prudent to
send part of the military stores； and the public records out of Charleston；
and here Captain Marion had the command。 This is only worthy of remark
in the circumstance； that as the climate of this place is remarkably bad in
autumn； it shows that our patriots had already so much enthusiasm in the
cause in which they had embarked； that they refused no station； however
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Life of Marion。
perilous。 As the provincial congress and committees of public safety
exercised all the legislative and judicial powers in the state； as might have
been expected； they soon became too complicated for them； and were
thrown into great confusion。 The criminal code was still left in force； but
there were no judges to exercise that jurisdiction。 The provincial congress；
therefore； without waiting for a convention of the people； framed a
constitution： by this they took the name of the general assembly of South
Carolina； and limited their own continuance until the 21st October； 1776；
and； in every two years after that period； a general election was to take
place for members of the assembly。 The legislative powers were vested in
a president； the assembly； and a legislative council； to be chosen out of
their own body。 All resolutions of the continental and provincial congress；
and all laws then of force； were continued。 They passed a law； that only
two thirds of the rice made in the state should be permitted to be exported；
the other third was to remain in the country for its consumption； and for
exchange for the necessary articles of life： and upon these prices were to
be fixed； it was recommended to the people to cultivate cotton； the breed
of sheep was directed to be improved； and； after a certain day； none were
to be killed for market or home consumption； but the continental congress
soon after； passed a law that no rice should be exported； and it was
submitted to； without a murmur。 A vice…president and privy council of six
members were elected； and among other duties； were to exercise chancery
jurisdiction； and other judges were directed to be chosen by the general
assembly。
* Pond Bluff is presently at the bottom of Lake Marion； S。C。 A。 L。；
1997。 ** Such as tarring and feathering。
In a few years； such confusion followed； that we shall see the president；
soon after denominated governor； and two of the privy council； exercising
all the civil and military powers of the state。
John Rutledge was chosen president； Henry Laurens vice…president；
and ~ex…officio~ president of the privy council。 In this year； （1776；）
Francis Marion had risen to the rank of major in the second regiment； and
was stationed with his colonel in the fort at Sullivan's Island。 He was in
the action of the 28th of June； between that fort and nine of the British
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Life of Marion。
ships； under Sir Peter Parker。 Of the particulars of this battle； every one
has heard； and they need not be narrated here。 Two of the ships carried
fifty guns； the ship Bristol； commodore Sir Peter Parker； and the
Experiment； and as powder was very scarce in the fort； the orders were；
〃mind the commodore！〃 〃Fire at the two fifty gun ships。〃 Col。 Moultrie
received the thanks of the commander in chief； of congress； Gen。 Lee； and
of president Rutledge； for his gallant conduct in that victory； and； what
was more； the heart…felt gratitude of his countrymen。 The fort was called
by his name； and he was raised to the rank of brigadier general。 His major
then rose to the rank of lieut。 colonel。 This action excited the highest
resentment in the breasts of the British rulers； and in the end they inflicted
severe vengeance on the state of South Carolina。 Three years； however；
elapsed before they made another attempt。 In December； 1778； a British
fleet of thirty seven sail； arrived off Savannah in Georgia； and landed
about 4000 men。 One half of these； under Col。 Campbell； immediately
made an attack upon the town。 Gen。 Howe； with six or seven hundred
Americans； attempted to oppose them； but was defeated at the first onset。
The enemy took possession of the town； and； as the Georgia militia were
backward in turning out； the whole country soon fell under their dominion。
Shortly after the taking of Savannah； Gen。 Lincoln took command of the
American army； and Gen。 Prevost of the British。 On the 3d of Feb。 1779；
Gen。 Moultrie； with a party of about 300 militia； mostly citizens of
Charleston and Beaufort； with the company of ancient artillery of
Charleston； was posted at Beaufort； where he heard the enemy was
advancing。 He imme
