life of francis marion(献席廉某,瀧旋量勧)-及4何蛍
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Charleston�察 �was posted at Beaufort�察 �where he heard the enemy was
advancing。 He immediately dispatched his aid�察�Capt。 Francis Kinloch�察�to
reconnoitre�察 �while he moved forward on the road to Beaufort ferry。
Kinloch returning soon�察�stated the supposed force of the British�察�and that
they were near upon the road�察�Moultrie now pushed on to gain a defile�察�but
found it occupied by the enemy。 There being no alternative�察�he then drew
up his men in open ground�察�with two field pieces in the centre�察�and one on
the right。 The British force was two companies of picked light infantry�察�
posted under cover of a swamp。 The militia engaged them�察 �and fought
under this disadvantage till their ammunition was all expended�察 �and
Moultrie ordered a retreat�察�but the British made a simultaneous movement�察�
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and it became a drawn battle。 Lieut。 Wilkins of the ancient artillery�察�was
mortally wounded�察 �and seven men were killed。 Capt。 Heyward�察 �Lieuts。
Sawyer and Brown�察 �and fifteen men�察 �were wounded。 In the general's
account of the action�察�the loss of the British is not stated�察�he speaks highly
of the conduct of his officers and men�察�particularly of Capt。 John Barnwell�察�
and indeed it was no little matter�察�thus to bring militia�察�in the open field�察�to
fight regulars under cover。
Lincoln's force was fluctuating�察 �as it consisted principally of militia�察�
who could not be brought under control�察�and in the midst of arms�察�when
the enemy were at the distance of only three miles�察�their officers refused to
subject them to the articles of war�察�and insisted upon their being tried by
the militia laws of the state�察 �which only subjected them to a small
pecuniary fine。 The case too was a flagrant one�察 �a private of Col。
Kershaw's regiment had absented himself from guard�察 �and upon being
reproved by his captain�察�gave him abusive language�察�the captain ordered
him under guard�察 �and the man attempted to shoot his officer�察 �but was
prevented。 This case was referred to the general assembly then sitting�察�
who also refused to bring the militia under the articles of war。 Had Gen。
Jackson lately submitted to such an interference with his authority�察 �we
should never have heard of the glorious victory of New Orleans。 Gen。
Lincoln would have nothing more to do with the militia�察�and gave up the
command of them to Gen。 Moultrie�察�to act with them as a separate corps。
Pursuant to this resolution�察�and after calling a council of war�察�he marched
off ��20th April�� about 2000 light troops and cavalry�察�for Augusta�察�leaving
his baggage to follow。 Near Augusta�察�he expected a reinforcement of 3000
men�察 �and his intentions were to take possession of some strong post in
Georgia�察 �to circumscribe the limits of the enemy�察 �and to prevent their
receiving recruits from the Cherokee Indians�察 �and tories。 He left Gen。
Moultrie�察 �with about 1200 militia�察 �at Black Swamp。 As soon as Gen。
Prevost heard of this movement�察�he availed himself of it�察�and immediately
crossed over the Savannah�察 �from Abercorn to Purysburgh�察 �twenty´five
miles below Black Swamp�察�with the intention of surprising Moultrie�察�but
he�察�receiving intelligence of his crossing�察�retired to Coosawhatchie。 At this
place he left a rear guard�察�and pitched his head quarters on the hill to the
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eastward of Tulifinny�察�two miles in advance towards Charleston。 ��1st May。��
After reconnoitring the fords of Coosawhatchie�察�and Tulifinny above the
bridges�察 �the general found so little water in the swamps�察 �from the
excessive drought which then prevailed��* that he determined not to risk an
action at this post。 He was about to send one of his aids to bring off his
rear guard�察�when Col。 John Laurens offered himself as a volunteer for that
service�察 �he was readily accepted�察 �and captain�察 �afterwards Major John
James�察�with 150 picked riflemen�察�was sent to cover his flanks�此�these�察�with
the rear guard�察 �made near a fourth of the retreating army。 Instead of
bringing off the rear guard�察�Col。 Laurens drew them over to the east side
of the river�察 �posted the riflemen at the bridge�察 �threw off the planks�察 �and
engaged the enemy。 The British occupied the houses on the west bank�察�
from which they kept up a galling fire�察�a number of Laurens' men were
killed and wounded�察 �and�察 �as he was very conspicuous on horse back in
regimentals�察�with a large white plume�察�he was soon wounded himself�察�and
his horse killed。 Laurens then retired�察 �and captain�察 �afterwards Col。
Shubrick�察�ordered a retreat。 In the mean time Moultrie had decamped�察�and
the riflemen were obliged�察�as the planks were thrown off�察�to pass Tulifinny
and Pocotaligo bridges on the string pieces�察�and did not overtake the main
body till they had passed Saltketcher bridge。 Here let us pause for a
moment�察�and take a view of the ground�察�twelve miles of country had been
passed over in one morning�察 �which was a continued defile of causeway�察�
lined on both sides with either thick woods�察�or ditches and fences�察�and four
rivers had been crossed�察�over which were high bridges�察�and only a slight
skirmish had taken place。 True�察�the swamps above the bridges were dry�察�
but then they were so wide and thick�察�that the British would never have
ventured into them。 It is likewise true that Col。 Laurens said the militia
would not fight�察 �yet the riflemen stood till they were ordered to retreat�察�
and their retreat had like to have been cut off。 Laurens was not wrong in
fighting�察 �for it is always best to keep militia employed�此 �but in engaging
without orders�察�and in not burning down the houses near the river�察�he is
blamed by Gen。 Moultrie。** However Moultrie himself was more to
blame in suffering the enemy to pass over Coosawhatchie。 At least they
ought not to have been permitted to cross the Saltketcher。 There is no
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doubt but Moultrie was a firm patriot and a brave soldier�察�but he acted now
under the impulse of an opinion�察 �which then generally prevailed among
the officers of the South Carolina troops�察�that Charleston was all important�察�
and if taken�察�the state must be lost。 We shall see the effect of this system in
the end。 In the same manner the Edisto and Ashley were now passed�察�
without striking a blow。 The Americans suffered greatly both for
provisions and for the want of water�察�drinking out of every puddle in the
road�察 �however filthy。 The enemy�察 �on the contrary�察 �passed through the
richest part of the state�察 �and were suffered to scatter themselves abroad�察�
and to satiate themselves with choice fare�察�and valuable plunder。 General
Moultrie continued his march to Charleston�察�and Prevost took post before
the lines。
* The fine spring at Tulifinny had then entirely failed。 ** 1st Volume
Moultrie's memoirs�察�p。 403´4。
We have for some time lost sight of Lieut。 Col。 Marion�察�and the reader
may naturally inquire�察�was he at Tulifinny�拭�He was not。 With the second
regiment under his command�察�he was in garrison at fort Moultrie。 Before
Gen。 Moultrie broke up his camp at Black Swamp�察 �he wrote to Gen。
Lincoln to give him advice of the movement of the enemy to Purysburgh�察�
and from time to time of their progress to Charleston�察�but Lincoln marched
up to Augusta�察�crossed over into Georgia�察�and moved down on the other
side of the river for some time�察 �very deliberately。* However�察 �from
Jannett's ferry�察�he writes a letter�察�of which the following is an extract�此 �If
the enemy should give public evidence of their designs against Charleston�察�
I think�察�with your force�察�as you are in possession of ~strong passes~�察�you
will be able to stop their progress and give us time to come up。; On the
10th of May�察�he again writes to Gen。 Moultrie�察 �We are making�察�and shall
continue to make�察�every exertion for the relief of Charleston。 The baggage
will be left。 The inability of the men only�察�will put a period to our daily
marches。 Our men are full of spirits。 Do not give up�察�or suffer the people
to despair。; But the governor and council did despair already�察 �for a
majority of them had finally offered to capitulate�察 �and proposed a
neutrality�察�during the war between Great Britain and South Carolina�察�and
the question�察�whether the state should belong to Great Britain�察�or remain
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one of the United States�察�to be determined by the treaty of peace�察�from this
offer�察�Gen。 Gadsden and Mr。 Thomas Ferguson dissented。 To carry terms
so disgraceful�察 �to Prevost�察 �Col。 Laurens was pitc