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life of francis marion(献席廉某,瀧旋量勧)-及4何蛍

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Charleston�察      �was    posted    at  Beaufort�察    �where     he   heard    the  enemy      was 

advancing。 He immediately dispatched his aid�察�Capt。 Francis Kinloch�察�to 

reconnoitre�察     �while     he  moved      forward     on   the   road    to  Beaufort     ferry。 

Kinloch returning soon�察�stated the supposed force of the British�察�and that 

they were near upon the road�察�Moultrie now pushed on to gain a defile�察�but 

found it occupied by the enemy。 There being no alternative�察�he then drew 

up his men in open ground�察�with two field pieces in the centre�察�and one on 

the   right。  The   British   force   was   two   companies   of   picked   light   infantry�察�

posted   under   cover   of   a   swamp。   The   militia   engaged   them�察  �and   fought 

under     this   disadvantage      till  their   ammunition       was    all  expended�察     �and 

Moultrie ordered a retreat�察�but the British made a simultaneous movement�察�



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and it became a drawn battle。 Lieut。 Wilkins of the ancient artillery�察�was 

mortally   wounded�察  �and   seven   men   were   killed。   Capt。   Heyward�察  �Lieuts。 

Sawyer      and    Brown�察    �and   fifteen   men�察   �were    wounded。      In   the  general's 

account of the action�察�the loss of the British is not stated�察�he speaks highly 

of the conduct of his officers and men�察�particularly of Capt。 John Barnwell�察�

and indeed it was no little matter�察�thus to bring militia�察�in the open field�察�to 

fight regulars under cover。 

     Lincoln's   force   was   fluctuating�察  �as   it   consisted   principally  of   militia�察�

who could not be brought under control�察�and in the midst of arms�察�when 

the enemy were at the distance of only three miles�察�their officers refused to 

subject them to the articles of war�察�and insisted upon their being tried by 

the    militia   laws    of  the   state�察  �which    only    subjected     them    to  a   small 

pecuniary       fine。  The    case    too   was    a  flagrant    one�察  �a   private   of   Col。 

Kershaw's   regiment   had   absented   himself   from   guard�察  �and   upon   being 

reproved by his captain�察�gave him abusive language�察�the captain ordered 

him   under   guard�察  �and   the   man   attempted   to   shoot   his   officer�察  �but   was 

prevented。   This   case   was   referred   to   the   general   assembly   then   sitting�察�

who also refused to bring the militia under the articles of war。 Had Gen。 

Jackson   lately   submitted   to   such   an   interference   with   his   authority�察  �we 

should   never   have   heard   of   the   glorious   victory   of   New   Orleans。   Gen。 

Lincoln would have nothing more to do with the militia�察�and gave up the 

command of them to Gen。 Moultrie�察�to act with them as a separate corps。 

Pursuant to this resolution�察�and after calling a council of war�察�he marched 

off ��20th April�� about 2000 light troops and cavalry�察�for Augusta�察�leaving 

his baggage to follow。 Near Augusta�察�he expected a reinforcement of 3000 

men�察  �and   his   intentions   were   to   take   possession   of   some   strong   post   in 

Georgia�察  �to   circumscribe   the   limits   of   the   enemy�察  �and   to   prevent   their 

receiving   recruits   from   the   Cherokee   Indians�察  �and   tories。   He   left   Gen。 

Moultrie�察  �with   about   1200   militia�察  �at   Black   Swamp。   As   soon   as   Gen。 

Prevost heard of this movement�察�he availed himself of it�察�and immediately 

crossed   over   the   Savannah�察  �from   Abercorn   to   Purysburgh�察  �twenty´five 

miles below Black Swamp�察�with the intention of surprising Moultrie�察�but 

he�察�receiving intelligence of his crossing�察�retired to Coosawhatchie。 At this 

place he left a rear guard�察�and pitched his head quarters on the hill to the 



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eastward of Tulifinny�察�two miles in advance towards Charleston。 ��1st May。�� 

After reconnoitring the fords of Coosawhatchie�察�and Tulifinny above the 

bridges�察    �the   general     found    so   little  water    in  the   swamps�察     �from     the 

excessive drought which then prevailed��* that he determined not to risk an 

action at this post。 He was about to send one of his aids to bring off his 

rear guard�察�when Col。 John Laurens offered himself as a volunteer for that 

service�察    �he   was   readily    accepted�察    �and   captain�察   �afterwards     Major     John 

James�察�with 150 picked riflemen�察�was sent to cover his flanks�此�these�察�with 

the   rear   guard�察   �made   near     a  fourth   of   the  retreating   army。     Instead    of 

bringing off the rear guard�察�Col。 Laurens drew them over to the east side 

of the   river�察 �posted the riflemen   at   the   bridge�察  �threw   off   the   planks�察  �and 

engaged   the   enemy。   The   British   occupied   the   houses   on   the   west   bank�察�

from which   they kept   up   a galling   fire�察�a number   of Laurens'   men   were 

killed   and   wounded�察  �and�察  �as   he   was   very   conspicuous   on   horse   back   in 

regimentals�察�with a large white plume�察�he was soon wounded himself�察�and 

his    horse    killed。   Laurens      then   retired�察  �and    captain�察   �afterwards      Col。 

Shubrick�察�ordered a retreat。 In the mean time Moultrie had decamped�察�and 

the riflemen were obliged�察�as the planks were thrown off�察�to pass Tulifinny 

and Pocotaligo bridges on the string pieces�察�and did not overtake the main 

body   till   they   had    passed   Saltketcher   bridge。   Here       let   us   pause   for  a 

moment�察�and take a view of the ground�察�twelve miles of country had been 

passed over in one  morning�察 �which was   a  continued defile of   causeway�察�

lined on both sides with either thick woods�察�or ditches and fences�察�and four 

rivers had been crossed�察�over which were high bridges�察�and only a slight 

skirmish had taken place。 True�察�the swamps above the bridges were dry�察�

but then they were so wide and thick�察�that the British would never have 

ventured   into   them。   It   is   likewise   true   that   Col。   Laurens   said   the   militia 

would   not   fight�察  �yet   the   riflemen   stood   till   they  were   ordered   to   retreat�察�

and their retreat had like to have been cut off。 Laurens was not wrong in 

fighting�察 �for it   is   always   best   to   keep   militia   employed�此  �but in   engaging 

without orders�察�and in not burning down the houses near the river�察�he is 

blamed      by   Gen。    Moultrie。**      However       Moultrie     himself    was    more    to 

blame   in   suffering   the   enemy  to   pass   over   Coosawhatchie。 At   least they 

ought   not   to   have   been   permitted   to   cross   the   Saltketcher。   There   is   no 



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                                         Life of Marion。 



doubt but Moultrie was a firm patriot and a brave soldier�察�but he acted now 

under   the   impulse   of   an   opinion�察  �which   then   generally  prevailed   among 

the officers of the South Carolina troops�察�that Charleston was all important�察�

and if taken�察�the state must be lost。 We shall see the effect of this system in 

the   end。   In   the   same   manner   the   Edisto   and   Ashley   were   now   passed�察�

without      striking   a   blow。    The    Americans      suffered     greatly   both    for 

provisions and for the want of water�察�drinking out of every puddle in the 

road�察  �however   filthy。     The   enemy�察   �on   the   contrary�察  �passed   through     the 

richest   part of   the state�察  �and   were   suffered to scatter   themselves   abroad�察�

and to satiate themselves with choice fare�察�and valuable plunder。 General 

Moultrie continued his march to Charleston�察�and Prevost took post before 

the lines。 

      * The fine spring at Tulifinny had then entirely failed。 ** 1st Volume 

Moultrie's memoirs�察�p。 403´4。  

     We have for some time lost sight of Lieut。 Col。 Marion�察�and the reader 

may naturally inquire�察�was he at Tulifinny�拭�He was not。 With the second 

regiment under his command�察�he was in garrison at fort Moultrie。 Before 

Gen。   Moultrie   broke   up   his   camp   at   Black   Swamp�察  �he   wrote   to   Gen。 

Lincoln to give him advice of the movement of the enemy to Purysburgh�察�

and from time to time of their progress to Charleston�察�but Lincoln marched 

up to Augusta�察�crossed over into Georgia�察�and moved down on the other 

side    of  the   river   for  some     time�察  �very   deliberately。*     However�察     �from 

Jannett's ferry�察�he writes a letter�察�of which the following is an extract�此 �If 

the enemy should give public evidence of their designs against Charleston�察�

I think�察�with your force�察�as you are in possession of ~strong passes~�察�you 

will be able to stop their progress and give us time to come up。; On the 

10th of May�察�he again writes to Gen。 Moultrie�察 �We are making�察�and shall 

continue to make�察�every exertion for the relief of Charleston。 The baggage 

will be left。 The inability of the men only�察�will put a period to our daily 

marches。 Our men are full of spirits。 Do not give up�察�or suffer the people 

to   despair。;    But   the  governor     and   council    did   despair    already�察  �for  a 

majority     of   them    had    finally   offered   to   capitulate�察   �and   proposed     a 

neutrality�察�during the war between Great Britain and South Carolina�察�and 

the question�察�whether the state should belong to Great Britain�察�or remain 



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                                           Life of Marion。 



one of the United States�察�to be determined by the treaty of peace�察�from this 

offer�察�Gen。 Gadsden and Mr。 Thomas Ferguson dissented。 To carry terms 

so    disgraceful�察    �to   Prevost�察   �Col。    Laurens     was    pitc

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