life of francis marion(献席廉某,瀧旋量勧)-及6何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
accident�察 �in attempting to escape from a drinking party�察 �dislocated his
ankle。 Gen。 Lincoln had issued an order�察 �that all supernumerary officers�察�
and all officers who were unfit for duty�察�must quit the garrison�察�and retire
into the country。; In consequence of this order�察�Marion retired to St。 John's。
He was afterwards obliged to move about�察 �from house to house�察 �as
favoured by friends�察�and often to hide in the woods�察�until he got better�察�but�察�
as soon as he was able�察 �he collected a few friends�察 �and joined Gen。 De
Kalb�察�who was then advancing�察�with about fourteen hundred men�察�of the
Maryland and Delaware troops�察 �towards South Carolina。 The
correspondence of Gen。 Horry here breaks off suddenly�察�and we hear no
more of Marion for five months。 But an accident�察 �which must have
appeared to him a great misfortune�察�at the time�察�was afterwards productive
of the most happy effects。 Another has been noted only a few pages back。
In the mean time�察 �the enemy proceeded cautiously in the siege of
Charleston。 They formed a depot on James Island�察 �and erected a
fortification on it�察�and the main�察�near Wappoo cut。 On the 28th of March
they crossed Ashley river�察 �near the ferry�察 �and made a lodgement in
Charleston neck。 Col。 Laurens�察 �with the light infantry�察 �skirmished with
them�察 �but�察 �as they greatly exceeded him in numbers�察 �he was obliged to
retire within the lines。 On the night of the 1st of April�察�Sir Henry Clinton
commenced his first parallel�察�at the distance of eleven hundred yards from
the American works。 On the 7th�察�twelve sail of the enemy's ships passed
Fort Moultrie�察 �under a heavy fire。 The garrison had been assiduous in
preparing for defence�察 �the old works were strengthened�察 �and lines and
redoubts were extended from Ashley to Cooper river。 A strong abbatis was
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made in front�察�and a deep�察�wet ditch was opened from the marsh on one
side�察�to that on the other�察�and the lines were so constructed as to rake it。 On
the 10th�察�the enemy had completed their first parallel�察�and Gen。 Lincoln
was summoned to surrender�察 �but refused。 All attempts at removing the
force besieged�察 �out of the town�察 �had�察 �while it was practicable�察 �been
opposed by the governor and council�察 �and the officers of the South
Carolina troops�察 �and Gen。 Lincoln�察 �had not the resolution to counteract
them。 At length it was thought advisable�察�that the governor and three of his
council should leave the town�察 �and that Lieut。 Gov。 Gadsden and five
others should remain。 The ships of war�察 �in the harbour of Charleston�察�
being quite inadequate to oppose the force which had passed Fort Moultrie�察�
were divested of their guns�察 �to reinforce the batteries�察 �and were sunk
nearly opposite the exchange�察 �to impede the passage of the enemy up
Cooper river。 Soon after this�察�Sir Henry Clinton�察�being reinforced by two
thousand five hundred men�察 �under Lord Cornwallis�察 �pushed them over
Cooper river�察�and enclosed the besieged on the side of St。 Thomas' parish
and Christ church�察�and the town was now completely invested by land and
water。 About this time�察 �the American forces in the field having been
defeated�察 �as hereafter to be narrated�察 �and the British having completed
their second parallel�察 �an offer to capitulate was made by Lincoln�察 �to Sir
Henry Clinton�察 �and rejected。 The batteries of the besiegers�察 �having now
obtained a decided superiority over those of the besieged�察�when the third
parallel had opened its cannonade�察�and the British having crossed the wet
ditch by sap�察�they opened a fire of rifles within twenty´five yards of the
Americans。 The caution of Sir Henry Clinton�察�in advancing so slowly�察�had
been extreme�察 �and the unsuspecting security of the Americans was still
great�察�but Gen。 Duportail�察�a French officer of engineers�察�having arrived in
town before the communication was closed with the country�察�declared�察�that
the works of the besieged were not tenable�察�and might have been stormed
ten days before。 This disclosed his true situation�察 �and induced Gen。
Lincoln to listen to a capitulation�察�which was proposed to him on the 8th
of May。 From that until the 10th�察�the negociation was continued。 On the
11th�察�the capitulation was agreed to�察�and�察�on the next day�察�the Americans
marched out and grounded their arms。 After a siege of a month and
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fourteen days�察�2500 men submitted to an army of 12��000�察�and it was only
surprising they held out so long。 The continental troops and sailors were to
remain prisoners of war until exchanged�察 �the militia were permitted to
return home as prisoners on parole�察 �which�察 �as long as they observed it�察�
should secure them from being molested in their property。
On the morning�察�when the Americans had paraded to surrender�察�tears
were seen coursing down the cheeks of Gen。 Moultrie。
The loss of the Americans�察 �in the siege�察 �was not great�察 �only five
officers of distinction�此 �Col。 Parker�察 �and Capts。 Bowman�察 �Moultrie�察�
Templeton and Neyle�察�were killed。 During the siege�察�Gen。 Lincoln called
two councils of war�察�to devise the means of retreating from the town�察�but
all attempts of that kind were opposed�察�first by the civil authority�察�next by
the South Carolina officers�察�and finally by the inhabitants。 He ought not to
have entered the town�察�he had the example of the illustrious Washington
before him�察 �who had declined to act in that manner�察 �and had thus
preserved the independence of his country。 The American army acting in
the country�察 �would have kept up the spirits of the militia�察 �and kept the
British from mounting their cavalry�察 �and gaining supplies of provisions�察�
with such ease as they did。 Although Lincoln's force was small�察�it was at
least equal to that of Gen。 Washington�察 �when he retreated over the
Delaware�察 �in 1776。 The country was not so open�察 �and more fit for a
partisan warfare�察�than New Jersey�察�and in a few months the climate would
have fought his battles。 It was not intended by the author to narrate the
particulars of the siege of Charleston�察 �these have been detailed by the
enlightened historian of South Carolina�察�Dr。 Ramsay。 But the effects of it
upon the minds of the people in the country�察 �come more particularly
within his province�察 �since they would hereafter be disposed to act
according as they were affected�察�by passing incidents。 There being now no
force in the field�察 �but the two hundred light infantry�察 �under Gen。 Huger�察�
and the horse under Col。 Washington�察 �which were those mentioned in
Lincoln's order to Gen。 Marion�察�the British were suffered to detach small
parties through the country�察�and to take all the horses which were fit�察�either
to transport their cannon and baggage�察 �or to mount their cavalry。 In one
month after their landing�察�Col。 Tarleton had his legion mounted�察�and began
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his career of slaughter。 On the 18th March�察 �he surprised a party of 80
militia�察 �at Saltketcher bridge�察�killed and wounded several�察 �and dispersed
the rest。 On the 23d�察�he put to flight another party at Ponpon�察�killed three�察�
wounded one�察 �and took four prisoners。 On the 27th�察 �near Rantowle's
bridge�察�he had a rencounter with Col。 Washington�察�at the head of his legion
of 300 men�察 �Tarleton was worsted in this affair�察 �and lost seven men�察�
prisoners。 On the 13th April�察�the American infantry and cavalry under Gen。
Huger�察 �lay�察 �the infantry at Biggen church�察 �and the cavalry under Col。
Washington�察 �at Monk's corner。 Col。 Tarleton with Ferguson's corps of
marksmen�察�advanced on from the quarter´house to Goose Creek�察�where he
was joined by Col。 Webster�察�with the 33d and 64th regiments of infantry。
There an attack upon the American post was concerted�察�and it was judged
advisable to make it in the night�察�as that would render the superiority of
Washington's cavalry useless。 A servant of one of Huger's officers was
taken on the road�察�and he agreed for a few dollars�察�to conduct the enemy
through a by´road�察�to Monk's corner。 At three o'clock in the morning�察�they
charged Washington's guard on the main road�察�and pursued them into the
camp。 The Americans were completely surprised。 Major Vernier�察 �of
Pulaski's legion�察�and twenty´five men�察�were killed。 One hundred officers�察�
and dragoons�察�fifty waggons loaded with ammunition�察�clothing and arms�察�
and four hundred horses�察 �with their accoutrements�察 �were taken。 A most
valuable acquisition to the British。