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life of francis marion(献席廉某,瀧旋量勧)-及6何蛍

弌傍�� life of francis marion(献席廉某,瀧旋量勧) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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accident�察  �in   attempting   to   escape   from   a   drinking   party�察  �dislocated   his 

ankle。 Gen。 Lincoln had issued an order�察 �that all supernumerary officers�察�

and all officers who were unfit for duty�察�must quit the garrison�察�and retire 

into the country。; In consequence of this order�察�Marion retired to St。 John's。 

He     was   afterwards     obliged     to  move     about�察   �from   house     to  house�察   �as 

favoured by friends�察�and often to hide in the woods�察�until he got better�察�but�察�

as   soon   as   he   was   able�察 �he   collected   a   few   friends�察  �and   joined   Gen。   De 

Kalb�察�who was then advancing�察�with about fourteen hundred men�察�of the 

Maryland         and     Delaware       troops�察    �towards       South      Carolina。      The 

correspondence of Gen。 Horry here breaks off suddenly�察�and we hear no 

more     of   Marion     for  five   months。     But   an   accident�察   �which     must    have 

appeared to him a great misfortune�察�at the time�察�was afterwards productive 

of the most happy effects。 Another has been noted only a few pages back。 

     In   the   mean   time�察  �the   enemy   proceeded   cautiously   in   the   siege   of 

Charleston。       They     formed     a   depot    on   James     Island�察   �and    erected    a 

fortification on it�察�and the main�察�near Wappoo cut。 On the 28th of March 

they    crossed     Ashley    river�察  �near   the   ferry�察  �and   made     a  lodgement      in 

Charleston   neck。   Col。   Laurens�察  �with   the   light   infantry�察  �skirmished   with 

them�察  �but�察  �as   they   greatly   exceeded   him   in   numbers�察  �he   was   obliged   to 

retire within the lines。 On the night of the 1st of April�察�Sir Henry Clinton 

commenced his first parallel�察�at the distance of eleven hundred yards from 

the American works。 On the 7th�察�twelve sail of the enemy's ships passed 

Fort   Moultrie�察  �under   a   heavy   fire。   The   garrison   had   been   assiduous   in 

preparing   for   defence�察  �the   old   works   were   strengthened�察  �and   lines   and 

redoubts were extended from Ashley to Cooper river。 A strong abbatis was 



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                                           Life of Marion。 



made in front�察�and a deep�察�wet ditch was opened from the marsh on one 

side�察�to that on the other�察�and the lines were so constructed as to rake it。 On 

the 10th�察�the enemy had completed their first parallel�察�and Gen。  Lincoln 

was   summoned   to   surrender�察  �but   refused。  All   attempts   at   removing   the 

force     besieged�察   �out   of   the  town�察   �had�察   �while    it  was   practicable�察   �been 

opposed       by   the  governor      and   council�察   �and    the  officers    of  the   South 

Carolina   troops�察  �and   Gen。   Lincoln�察  �had   not   the   resolution   to   counteract 

them。 At length it was thought advisable�察�that the governor and three of his 

council   should   leave   the   town�察  �and   that   Lieut。   Gov。   Gadsden   and   five 

others   should   remain。   The   ships   of   war�察  �in   the   harbour   of   Charleston�察�

being quite inadequate to oppose the force which had passed Fort Moultrie�察�

were   divested   of   their   guns�察  �to   reinforce   the   batteries�察  �and   were   sunk 

nearly   opposite   the   exchange�察  �to   impede   the   passage   of   the   enemy   up 

Cooper river。 Soon after this�察�Sir Henry Clinton�察�being reinforced by two 

thousand   five   hundred   men�察  �under   Lord   Cornwallis�察  �pushed   them   over 

Cooper river�察�and enclosed the besieged on the side of St。 Thomas' parish 

and Christ church�察�and the town was now completely invested by land and 

water。   About      this   time�察 �the   American      forces   in   the   field  having    been 

defeated�察  �as   hereafter   to   be   narrated�察  �and   the   British   having   completed 

their second   parallel�察 �an   offer   to   capitulate   was   made   by  Lincoln�察 �to   Sir 

Henry   Clinton�察  �and   rejected。  The   batteries   of   the   besiegers�察  �having   now 

obtained a decided superiority over those of the besieged�察�when the third 

parallel had opened its cannonade�察�and the British having crossed the wet 

ditch by sap�察�they opened a fire of rifles within twenty´five yards of the 

Americans。 The caution of Sir Henry Clinton�察�in advancing so slowly�察�had 

been   extreme�察  �and   the   unsuspecting   security   of   the Americans   was   still 

great�察�but Gen。 Duportail�察�a French officer of engineers�察�having arrived in 

town before the communication was closed with the country�察�declared�察�that 

the works of the besieged were not tenable�察�and might have been stormed 

ten    days    before。   This    disclosed     his  true   situation�察   �and   induced     Gen。 

Lincoln to listen to a capitulation�察�which was proposed to him on the 8th 

of May。 From that until the 10th�察�the negociation was continued。 On the 

11th�察�the capitulation was agreed to�察�and�察�on the next day�察�the Americans 

marched       out   and   grounded      their  arms。    After   a  siege    of  a  month     and 



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fourteen days�察�2500 men submitted to an army of 12��000�察�and it was only 

surprising they held out so long。 The continental troops and sailors were to 

remain   prisoners   of   war   until   exchanged�察  �the   militia   were   permitted   to 

return   home   as   prisoners   on   parole�察  �which�察  �as   long   as   they   observed   it�察�

should secure them from being molested in their property。 

     On the morning�察�when the Americans had paraded to surrender�察�tears 

were seen coursing down the cheeks of Gen。 Moultrie。 

     The   loss    of   the   Americans�察  �in   the   siege�察   �was   not    great�察  �only   five 

officers     of   distinction�此    �Col。    Parker�察   �and    Capts。    Bowman�察       �Moultrie�察�

Templeton and Neyle�察�were killed。 During the siege�察�Gen。 Lincoln called 

two councils of war�察�to devise the means of retreating from the town�察�but 

all attempts of that kind were opposed�察�first by the civil authority�察�next by 

the South Carolina officers�察�and finally by the inhabitants。 He ought not to 

have entered the town�察�he had the example of the illustrious Washington 

before     him�察   �who    had    declined     to  act   in  that   manner�察    �and    had   thus 

preserved the independence of his country。 The American army acting in 

the   country�察  �would   have   kept   up   the   spirits   of   the   militia�察  �and   kept   the 

British   from   mounting   their   cavalry�察  �and   gaining   supplies   of   provisions�察�

with such ease as they did。 Although Lincoln's force was small�察�it was at 

least    equal    to  that   of  Gen。    Washington�察      �when     he   retreated    over    the 

Delaware�察  �in   1776。   The   country   was   not   so   open�察  �and   more   fit   for   a 

partisan warfare�察�than New Jersey�察�and in a few months the climate would 

have   fought   his   battles。   It   was   not   intended   by  the   author   to   narrate   the 

particulars   of   the   siege   of   Charleston�察  �these   have   been   detailed   by   the 

enlightened historian of South Carolina�察�Dr。 Ramsay。 But the effects of it 

upon     the   minds   of   the   people   in   the   country�察  �come   more       particularly 

within     his   province�察    �since    they   would      hereafter    be   disposed      to  act 

according as they were affected�察�by passing incidents。 There being now no 

force in the field�察 �but the two hundred   light infantry�察 �under Gen。  Huger�察�

and   the   horse   under   Col。   Washington�察  �which   were   those   mentioned   in 

Lincoln's order to Gen。 Marion�察�the British were suffered to detach small 

parties through the country�察�and to take all the horses which were fit�察�either 

to transport their   cannon and baggage�察 �or to   mount   their cavalry。  In   one 

month after their landing�察�Col。 Tarleton had his legion mounted�察�and began 



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                                           Life of Marion。 



his   career   of   slaughter。   On   the   18th   March�察  �he   surprised   a   party   of   80 

militia�察 �at   Saltketcher   bridge�察�killed   and   wounded   several�察 �and dispersed 

the rest。 On the 23d�察�he put to flight another party at Ponpon�察�killed three�察�

wounded        one�察  �and   took   four    prisoners。    On   the   27th�察  �near    Rantowle's 

bridge�察�he had a rencounter with Col。 Washington�察�at the head of his legion 

of   300   men�察  �Tarleton      was   worsted   in   this   affair�察  �and   lost   seven   men�察�

prisoners。 On the 13th April�察�the American infantry and cavalry under Gen。 

Huger�察  �lay�察  �the   infantry   at   Biggen   church�察  �and   the   cavalry   under   Col。 

Washington�察  �at   Monk's   corner。   Col。   Tarleton   with   Ferguson's   corps   of 

marksmen�察�advanced on from the quarter´house to Goose Creek�察�where he 

was joined by Col。 Webster�察�with the 33d and 64th regiments of infantry。 

There an attack upon the American post was concerted�察�and it was judged 

advisable to make it in the night�察�as that would render the superiority of 

Washington's   cavalry   useless。   A  servant   of   one   of   Huger's   officers   was 

taken on the road�察�and he agreed for a few dollars�察�to conduct the enemy 

through a by´road�察�to Monk's corner。 At three o'clock in the morning�察�they 

charged Washington's guard on the main road�察�and pursued them into the 

camp。      The    Americans       were    completely      surprised。     Major     Vernier�察   �of 

Pulaski's legion�察�and twenty´five men�察�were killed。 One hundred officers�察�

and dragoons�察�fifty waggons loaded with ammunition�察�clothing and arms�察�

and   four   hundred   horses�察  �with   their   accoutrements�察  �were   taken。 A  most 

valuable acquisition to the British。

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