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;classics; as ;Joe Thompson;�察 �Jessamy�察─ �Betsy Thoughtless�察─�and one or 

two others in Harrison's very miscellaneous collection。 

     Stothard   was   fortunate   in   his   engravers。      Besides   James   Heath�察  �his 

best interpreter�察�Schiavonetti�察�Sharp�察�Finden�察�the Cookes�察�Bartolozzi�察�most 

of the fashionable translators into copper were busily employed upon his 

inventions。      Among the rest was an artist of powers far greater than his 

own�察  �although   scarcely   so   happy   in   turning   them   to   profitable   account。 

The genius of William Blake was not a marketable commodity in the same 

way   as   Stothard's   talent。   The   one   caught   the   trick   of   the   time   with   his 

facile    elegance�察   �the   other   scorned    to  make    any   concessions�察     �either  in 

conception or execution�察�to the mere popularity of prettiness。 

       ;Give   pensions   to   the   learned   pig�察  �Or   the   hare   playing   on   a   tabor�察�



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Anglus can never see perfection But in the journeyman's labour�察─ � 

       he wrote in one of those rough´hewn and bitter epigrams of his。                      Yet 

the work that was then so lukewarmly receivedif�察�indeed�察�it can be said 

to   have   been   received   at   allis   at   present   far   more   sought   after     than 

Stothard's�察  �and   the   prices   now   given   for   the   ;Songs   of   Innocence   and 

Experience�察─�the ;Inventions to the Book of Job�察─�and even ;The Grave�察─�

would   have   brought   affluence   to   the   struggling   artist�察  �who   ��as   Cromek 

taunted him�� was frequently ;reduced so low as to be obliged to live on 

half    a  guinea     a  week。;     Not     that   this  was    entirely    the   fault  of   his 

contemporaries。         Blake was a visionary�察�and an untuneable man�察�and�察�like 

others   who   work   for   the   select   public   of   all   ages�察  �he   could   not   always 

escape the consequence that the select public of his own�察�however willing�察�

were   scarcely   numerous   enough   to   support   him。             His   most   individual 

works are the ;Songs of Innocence�察─�1789�察�and the ;Songs of Experience�察─�

1794。      These�察    �afterwards     united    in  one   volume�察     �were   unique     in  their 

method of production�察�indeed�察�they do not perhaps strictly come within the 

category   of   what   is   generally   understood   to   be   copperplate   engraving。 

The   drawings   were   outlined   and   the   songs   written   upon   the   metal   with 

some   liquid   that   resisted   the   action   of   acid�察  �and   the   remainder   of   the 

surface of the plate was eaten away with aqua´fortis�察�leaving the design in 

bold    relief�察  �like  a  rude    stereotype。     This    was    then   printed    off  in   the 

predominant   tone   blue�察  �brown�察  �or   yellow�察  �as   the   case   might   beand 

delicately tinted by the artist in a prismatic and ethereal fashion peculiarly 

his own。      Stitched and bound in boards by Mrs。 Blake�察�a certain number 

of these leafletstwenty´seven in the case of the first issuemade up a tiny 

octavo      of  a  wholly     exceptional      kind。    Words      indeed     fail  to  exactly 

describe the flower´like beautythe fascination of these ;fairy missals�察─�in 

which�察 �it   has   been   finely  said�察   �the thrilling   music   of   the   verse�察  �and  the 

gentle bedazzlement of the lines and colours so intermingle�察�that the mind 

hangs in a pleasant uncertainty as to whether it is a picture that is singing�察�

or a song which has newly budded and blossomed into colour and form。; 

The accompanying woodcut�察�after one of the illustrations to the ;Songs of 

Innocence�察─�gives some indication of the general composition�察�but it can 

convey   no   hint   of   the   gorgeous   purple�察  �and   crimson�察  �and   orange   of   the 



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original。 

     Of   the   ;Illustrations   to   the   Book   of   Job�察─  �1826�察  �there   are   excellent 

reduced   facsimiles   by   the   recently´discovered   photo´intaglio   process�察  �in 

the   new   edition   of   Gilchrist's   ;Life。;    The   originals   were   engraved   by 

Blake himself in his strong decisive fashion�察�and they are his best work。 

A  kind   of   deisidaimoniaa   sacred   awe   falls   upon   one   in   turning   over 

these    wonderful     productions      of  the  artist's  declining    years   and    failing 

hand。 

       ;Leaving the old�察�both worlds at once they view�察�That stand upon the 

threshold of the new�察─�

       sings Waller�察�and it is almost possible to believe for a moment that 

their   creator   was   ��as   he   said��   ;under   the   direction   of   messengers   from 

Heaven。;       But his designs for Blair's ;Grave�察─�1808�察�popularised by the 

burin of Schiavonetti�察�attracted greater attention at the time of publication�察�

and�察  �being   less   rare�察  �they   are   even   now   perhaps   better   known   than   the 

others。     The facsimile here given is from the latter book。                The worn old 

man�察�the trustful woman�察�and the guileless child are sleeping peacefully�察�

but the king with his sceptre�察�and the warrior with his hand on his sword´ 

hilt�察  �lie   open´eyed�察  �waiting   the   summons   of   the   trumpet。       One   cannot 

help fancying that the artist's long vigils among the Abbey tombs�察�during 

his   apprenticeship   to   James   Basire�察  �must   have   been   present   to   his   mind 

when he selected this impressive monumental subject。 

     To one of Blake's few friendsto the ;dear Sculptor of Eternity�察─�as he 

wrote to Flaxman from Felphamthe world is indebted for some notable 

book      illustrations。     Whether       the   greatest    writersthe     Homers�察     �the 

Shakespeares�察�the Dantescan ever be ;illustrated; without loss may fairly 

be   questioned。      At   all   events�察  �the   showy   dexterities   of   the   Dores   and 

Gilberts prove nothing to the contrary。 But now and then there comes to 

the graphic interpretation of a great author an artist either so reverential�察�or 

so strongly sympathetic at some given point�察�that�察�in default of any relation 

more   narrowly   intimate�察  �we   at   once   accept   his   conceptions   as   the   best 

attainable。     In this class are Flaxman's outlines to Homer and AEschylus。 

Flaxman was not a Hellenist as men are Hellenists to´ day。                   Nevertheless�察�

his Roman studies had saturated him with the spirit of antique beauty�察�and 



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by his grand knowledge of the nude�察�his calm�察�his restraint�察�he is such an 

illustrator of Homer as is not likely to arise again。             For whowith all our 

added knowledge of classical antiquitywho�察�of our modern artists�察�could 

hope   to    rival   such   thoroughly   Greek   compositions   as   the   ball´play   of 

Nausicaa   in   the   ;Odyssey�察─  �or   that   lovely   group   from AEschylus   of   the 

tender´ hearted�察�womanly Oceanides�察�cowering like flowers beaten by the 

storm under the terrible anger of Zeus�拭              �In our day Flaxman's drawings 

would have been reproduced by some of the modern facsimile processes�察�

and the gain would have been great。               As it is�察�something is lost by their 

transference   to   copper�察  �even   though   the   translators   be   Piroli   and   Blake。 

Blake�察�in fact�察�did more than he is usually credited with�察�for ��beside the 

acknowledged and later ;Hesiod�察─�1817�� he really engraved the whole of 

the ;Odyssey�察─�Piroli's plates having been lost on the voyage to England。 

The   name   of   the   Roman   artist�察  �nevertheless�察  �appears   on   the   title´page 

��1793��。     But   Blake   was   too   original   to   be   a   successful   copyist   of   other 

men's work�察�and to appreciate the full value of Flaxman's drawings�察�they 

should     be   studied   in   the  collections    at  University     College�察   �the  Royal 

Academy�察�and elsewhere。 ��9�� 

     Flaxman and Blake had few imitators。               But a host of clever designers�察�

such   as   Cipriani�察�Angelica   Kauffmann�察�Westall�察  �Uwins�察  �Smirke�察  �Burney�察�

Corbould�察      �Dodd�察     �and    others�察   �vied    with    the   popular     Stothard     in 

;embellishing;   the       endless    ;Poets�察─   �novelists�察─   �and    ;essayists;    of  our 

forefathers。      Some   of   these�察  �and   most   of   the   recognised   artists   of   the 

period�察    �lent  their   aid  to  that   boldly´    planned    but   unhappily´executed 

;Shakespeare;   of   Boydell�察�black   and   ghastly   gallery   of   murky   Opies�察�

glum   Northcotes�察  �straddling   Fuselis�察─  �as   Thackeray   calls   it。        They   are 

certainly   not   enlivening´   ´those   cumbrous   ;atlas;   folios   of   1803´5�察  �and 

they   helped   to   ruin   the   worthy   alderman。      Even   courtly   Sir   Joshua   is 

clearly ill at ease among the pushing Hamiltons and Mortimers�察�and�察�were 

it   not   for  the   whimsical     discovery     that   Westall's    ;Ghost     of  Caesar; 

strangely resembles Mr。 Gladstone�察�there would be no resting´place for the 

modern   student   of   these   dismal   masterpieces。          The   truth   is�察  �Reynolds 

excepted�察�there were no contemporary painters strong enough for the task�察�

and   the   honours   of   the   enterprise   belong   almost   exclusively   to   Smirke's 



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;Seven Ages; and one or two plates from the lighter comedies。                     The great 

;Bible; of Mackli

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