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she stands accused(慢頁瓜御)-及14何蛍

弌傍�� she stands accused(慢頁瓜御) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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to   save    him。    Knave      or   foolwhat    does    it  matter   when     either   is 

submerged in the coward�拭�



     �ァ�IV 

     Overbury lay in the Tower five months。               The commission appointed 

to examine into the Essex nullity suit went into session three weeks after 

he was imprisoned。          There happened to be one  man in   the   commission 



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who   cared   more   to   be   honest   than   to   humour   the   King。   This   was   the 

Archbishop Abbot。          The King himself had prepared the petition。              It was 

a   task   that  delighted    his  pedantry�察   �and   his  petition   was    designed    for 

immediate  acceptance。         But   such   was Abbot's   opposition   that   in   two   or 

three months the commission ended with divided findings。 

     Meantime   Overbury   in   the Tower   had   been   writing   letters。        He   had 

been talking to visitors。        As time went on�察�and Rochester did nothing to 

bring    about    his  enlargement�察     �his  writings    and   sayings    became      more 

threatening Rochester's attitude was that patience was needed。                 In time he 

would bring the King to a more clement view of Sir Thomas's offending�察�

and he had no doubt that in the end he would be able to secure the prisoner 

both freedom and honourable employment。 

     Overbury   had      been   consigned     to  the   Tower    in   April。  In   June   he 

complained   of   illness。      Rochester   wrote   to     him   in   sympathetic    terms�察�

sending him a powder that he himself had found beneficial�察�and made his 

own physician visit the prisoner。 

     But the threats which Overbury�察�indignant at his betrayal by Rochester�察�

made by speech and writing were becoming common property in the city 

and at Court One of Overbury's visitors who had made public mention of 

Overbury's   knowledge   of   facts   likely   to   blow   upon   the   Essex   suit   was 

arrested on the orders of Northampton。              In the absence of the King and 

Rochester   from   London   the   old   Earl   was   acting   as   Chief   Secretary   of 

Statethus proving Overbury to have been a true prophet。                   Northampton 

issued orders to the Tower that Overbury was to be closely confined�察�that 

his   man   Davies   was   to   be   dismissed�察  �and   that   he   was   to   be   denied   all 

visitors。    The then Lieutenant of the Tower�察�one Sir William Wade�察�was 

deprived      of   his  position    on    the  thinnest    of   pretexts�察   �and�察  �on   the 

recommendation         of  Sir   Thomas     Monson�察     �Master    of  the   Armoury�察    �an 

elderly  gentleman   from   Lincolnshire�察  �Sir   Gervase   Elwes�察  �was   put   in   his 

place。 

     From      that   moment       Sir   Thomas       Overbury      was    permitted      no 

communication with the outer world�察�save by letter to Lord Rochester and 

for food that was brought him�察�as we shall presently see�察�at the instance of 

Mrs Turner。 



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     In   place   of  his  own    servant    Davies    Sir  Thomas     was    allowed    the 

services of an under´keeper named Weston�察�appointed at the same time as 

Sir Gervase Elwes。         This man�察�it is perhaps important to note�察�had at one 

time been servant to Mrs Turner。 

     The alteration in the personnel of the Tower was almost immediately 

followed      by   severe    illness  on   the   part   of  the   prisoner。    The     close 

confinement to which he was subjected�察�with the lack of exercise�察�could 

hardly have been the cause of such a violent sickness。                It looked more as 

if it had been brought about by something he had eaten or drunk。                   By this 

time   the   conviction   he   had   tried   to   resist�察  �that   Rochester   was   meanly 

sacrificing him�察�became definite。           Overbury is hardly to be blamed if he 

came   to   a   resolution   to   be   revenged   on   his   one´time   friend   by   bringing 

him to utter ruin。      King James had been so busy in the Essex nullity suit�察�

had gone to such lengths to carry it through�察�that if it could be wrecked by 

the production of the true facts he would be bound to sacrifice Rochester 

to   save   his   own   face。  Sir   Thomas   had   an   accurate   knowledge   of   the 

King's character。       He knew the scramble James was capable of making in 

a difficulty that involved his kingly dignity�察�and what little reck he had of 

the faces he trod on in climbing from a pit of his own digging。                 By a trick 

Overbury contrived to smuggle a letter through to the honest Archbishop 

Abbot�察�in which he declared his possession of facts that would non´suit the 

nullity action�察�and begged to be summoned before the commission。 

     Overbury  was   getting   better   of   the   sickness   which   had   attacked   him 

when   suddenly   it   came   upon   him   again。      This   time   he   made   no   bones 

about saying that he had been poisoned。 

     Even at the last Overbury had taken care to give Rochester a chance to 

prove   his   fidelity。   He   contrived   that   the   delivery   of   the   letter   to   the 

Archbishop of Canterbury should be delayed until just before the nullity 

commission�察�now augmented by members certain to vote according to the 

King's desire�察�was due to sit again。            The Archbishop carried Overbury's 

letter to James�察�and insisted that Overbury should be heard。                   The King�察�

outward stickler that he was for the letter of the law�察�had to agree。 

     On the Thursday of the week during which the commission was sitting 

Overbury was due to be called。            He was ill�察�but not so ill as he had been。 



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On     the   Tuesday     he   was   visited    by   the  King's    physician。     On     the 

Wednesday he was dead。 

     Now�察     �before    we    come     to   examine      those    evidences     regarding 

Overbury's death that were to be brought forward in the series of trials of 

later   date�察  �that   series   which   was   to   be   known   as   ``the   Great   Oyer   of 

Poisoning��'' it may be well to consider what effect upon the Essex nullity 

suit   Overbury's   appearance   before   the   commission   might   have   had。          It 

may be well to consider what reason Rochester had for keeping his friend 

in close confinement in the Tower�察�what reason there was for permitting 

Northampton to impose such cruelly rigorous conditions of imprisonment。 

     The nullity  suit   succeeded。       A  jury  of   matrons   was   impanelled�察  �and 

made an examination of the lady appellant。              Its evidence was that she was 

virgo     intacta。    Seven      out   of   the   twelve    members      of   the   packed 

commission voted in favour of the sentence of nullity。 

     The kernel of the situation lies in the verdict of the jury of   matrons。 

Her   ladyship   was   declared   to   be   a   maid。  If   in   the   finding   gossips   and 

scandal´mongers   found   reason   for   laughter�察  �and   decent   enough   people 

cause for wonderment�察�they are hardly to be blamed。                  If Frances Howard 

was a virgin�察�what reason was there for fearing anything Overbury might 

have said�拭      �What knowledge had he against the   suit that put   Rochester 

and the Howards in such fear of him that they had to confine him in the 

Tower   under   such   miserable   conditions�拭       �In   what   was   he   so   dangerous 

that he had to be deprived of his faithful Davies�察�that he had to be put in 

the care of a Tower Lieutenant specially appointed�拭                �The evidence given 

before the commission can still be read in almost verbatim report。                     It is 

completely in favour of the plea of Lady Essex。                Sir Thomas Overbury's�察�

had   he given   evidence�察 �would   have been   the sole voice   against   the   suit。 

If   he  had   said   that  in  his  belief   the  association    of  her   ladyship    with 

Rochester had been adulterous there was the physical fact adduced by the 

jury of matrons to confute him。           And being confuted in that�察�what might 

he have said that would not be attributed to rancour on his part�拭                �That her 

ladyship�察  �with   the   help   of   Mrs   Turner   and   the   wizard   of   Lambeth�察  �had 

practised magic upon her husband�察�giving him powders that went near to 

killing him�拭     �That she had lived in seclusion for several months with her 



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husband at Chartley�察�and that the non´consummation of the marriage was 

due�察�not to the impotence of the husband�察�but to refusal to him of marital 

rights   on   the   part   of   the   wife   because   of   her   guilty   love   for   Rochester�拭�

His   lordship   of   Essex   was   still   alive�察  �and   there   was   abundant   evidence 

before the court that there had been attempt to consummate the marriage。 

Whatever Sir Thomas   might have said would have smashed as evidence 

on that one fact。      Her ladyship was a virgin。 

     What   did   Sir   Thomas   Overbury   know   that   made   every   one   whose 

interest it was to further the nullity suit so scared of himRochester�察�her 

ladyship�察�Northampton�察�the Howards�察�the King himself�拭�

     Sir Thomas   Overbury   was   much   too   cool´minded�察  �too   intelligent�察  �to 

indulge   in   threats   unless   he   was   certain   of   the   grounds�察  �and   soli

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