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she stands accused(慢頁瓜御)-及15何蛍

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indulge   in   threats   unless   he   was   certain   of   the   grounds�察  �and   solid   upon 

them�察�upon which he made those threats。                He had too great a knowledge 

of   affairs   not   to   know  that   the   commission   would   be   a   packed   one�察  �too 

great an acquaintance with the strategy of James to believe that his lonely 

evidence�察  �unless   of   bombshell   nature�察  �would   have   a   chance   of   carrying 

weight in a court of his Majesty's picking。             And�察�then�察�he was of too big a 

mind   to   put   forward   evidence   which   would   have   no   effect   but   that   of 

affording gossip for the scandal´mongers�察�and the giving of which would 

make him appear to be actuated by petty spite。                 He had too great a sense 

of his own dignity to give himself anything but an heroic role。                     Samson 

he   might   play�察  �pulling   the   pillars   of   the   temple   together   to   involve   his 

enemies�察�with himself�察�in magnificent and dramatic ruin。                    But Iachimo 

no。 

     In   the   welter   of   evidence   conflicting   with   apparent   fact   which   was 

given   before   the   commission   and   in   the   trials   of   the   Great   Oyer�察  �in   the 

mass of writing both contemporary and of later days round the Overbury 

mystery�察�it is hard indeed to land upon the truth。                Feasible solution is to 

be come upon only by accepting a not too pretty story which is retailed by 

Antony Weldon。          He says that the girl whom the jury of matrons declared 

to be virgo intacta was so   heavily veiled as to be unidentifiable   through 

the   whole   proceedings�察  �and   that   she   was   not   Lady   Essex   at   all�察  �but   the 

youthful daughter of Sir Thomas Monson。 

     Mrs Turner�察�we do know�察�was very much a favourite with the ladies of 



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Sir Thomas Monson's family。            Gossip Weldon has a funny�察�if lewd�察�story 

to tell of high jinks indulged in by the Monson women and Mrs Turner in 

which Symon�察�Monson's servant�察�played an odd part。                    This Symon was 

also employed by Mrs Turner to carry food to Overbury in the Tower。                     If 

the substitution story has any truth in it it might well have been a Monson 

girl who played the part of the Countess。             But�察�of course�察�a Monson girl 

may   have     been   chosen    by   the  inventors    to  give  verisimilitude     to  the 

substitution story�察�simply because the family was friendly with Turner�察�and 

the tale of the lewd high jinks with Symon added to make it seem more 

likely that old Lady Monson would lend herself to such a plot。 

     If there was such a plot it is not at all unlikely that Overbury knew of it。 

If there was need of such a scheme to bolster the nullity petition it would 

have   had   to   be   evolved   while   the   petition   was   being   plannedthat   is�察  �a 

month or two before the commission went first into session。                 At that time 

Overbury was still Rochester's secretary�察�still Rochester's confidant�察�and if 

such a scheme had been evolved for getting over an obstacle so fatal to the 

petition's   success   it   was   not   in   Rochester's   nature   to   have   concealed   it 

from Overbury�察�the two men still being fast friends。              Indeed�察�it may have 

been Overbury who pointed out the need there would be for the Countess 

to undergo   physical   examination�察  �and   it   may  have   been   on   the   certainty 

that her ladyship could not do so that Overbury rested so securelyas he 

most apparently did�察�beyond the point of safetyin the idea that the suit 

was     bound    to  fail。   It  is  legitimate    enough     to  suppose�察   �along    this 

hypothesis�察�that this substitution plot was the very matter on which the two 

men quarrelled。 

     That Overbury had knowledge of some such essential secret as this is 

manifest in the enmity towards the man which Lady Essex exhibited�察�even 

when he lay�察�out of the way of doing harm�察�in the Tower。                   It is hard to 

believe that an innocent girl of twenty�察�conscious of her virgin chastity�察�in 

mere fear of scandal which she knew would be baseless�察�could pursue the 

life   of   a   man   with   the   venom   that�察  �as   we   shall   presently   see�察  �Frances 

Howard used towards Overbury through Mrs Turner。 



     �ァ�V 



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     As a preliminary to his marriage with Frances Howard�察�Rochester was 

created Earl of Somerset�察�and had the barony of Brancepeth bestowed on 

him   by   the   King。    Overbury   was   three   months   in   his   grave   when   the 

marriage   was   celebrated   in   the   midst   of   the   most   extravagant   show   and 

entertainment。 

     The new Earl's power in the kingdom was never so high as at this time。 

It was�察�indeed�察�at its zenith。       Decline was soon to set in。         It will not serve 

here    to  follow    the  whole    process    of  decay    in  the   King's   favour    that 

Somerset       was   now    to   experience。      There     was   poetic    justice   in  his 

downfall。      With hands all about him itching to bring him to the ground�察�

he had not the brain for the giddy heights。             If behind him there had been 

the man whose guidance had made him sure´footed in the climb he might 

have survived�察�flourishing。          But the man he had consigned to death had 

been more than half of him�察�had been�察�indeed�察�his substance。                  Alone�察�with 

the power Overbury's talents had brought him�察�Somerset was bound to fail。 

The irony of it is that his downfall was contrived by a creature of his own 

raising。 

     Somerset   had   appointed   Sir   Ralph   Winwood   to   the   office   of   First 

Secretary of State。       In that office word came to Winwood from Brussels 

that   new   light   had   been   thrown   on   the   mysterious   death   of   Sir   Thomas 

Overbury。       Winwood investigated in secret。           An English lad�察�one Reeves�察�

an    apothecary's      assistant�察  �thinking    himself     dying�察   �had   confessed     at 

Flushing   that   Overbury   had   been   poisoned   by   an   injection   of   corrosive 

sublimate。      Reeves   himself   had   given   the   injection   on   the   orders   of   his 

master�察  �Loubel�察  �the   apothecary   who   had   attended   Overbury   on   the   day 

before his death。       Winwood sought out Loubel�察�and from him went to Sir 

Gervase Elwes。         The story he was able to make from what he had from 

the two men he took to the King。             From this beginning rose up the Great 

Oyer of Poisoning。         The matter was put into the hands of the Lord Chief 

Justice�察�Sir Edward Coke。 

     The   lad   Reeves�察 �whose   confession had started the   matter�察 �was   either 

dead or dying abroad�察�and was so out of Coke's reach。                  But the man who 

had   helped   the   lad   to   administer   the   poisoned   clyster�察  �the   under´keeper 

Weston�察     �was   at  hand。    Weston     was    arrested�察  �and   examined      by  Coke。 



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The statement Coke's bullying drew from the man made mention of one 

Franklin�察�another apothecary�察�as having supplied a phial which Sir Gervase 

Elwes   had   taken   and   thrown   away。      Weston   had   also   received   another 

phial   by   Franklin's   son   from   Lady   Essex。      This   also   Sir   Gervase   had 

taken   and   destroyed。     Then   there   had been   tarts   and   jellies supplied   by 

Mrs Turner。 

     Coke had Mrs Turner and Franklin arrested�察�and after that Sir Gervase 

was   taken   as   an   accessory�察  �and   on   his   statement   that   he   had   employed 

Weston   on   Sir  Thomas   Monson's   recommendation   Sir Thomas   also   was 

roped in。     He maintained that he had been told to recommend Weston by 

Lady Essex and the Earl of Northampton。 

     The next person to be examined by Coke was the apothecary Loubel�察�

he who had attended Overbury on the day before his death。                      Though in 

his confession the lad Reeves said that he had been given money and sent 

abroad by Loubel�察�this was a matter that Coke did not probe。                 Loubel told 

Coke that he had given Overbury nothing but the physic prescribed by Sir 

Theodore Mayerne�察�the King's physician�察�and that in his opinion Overbury 

had   died of   consumption。        With   this   evidence  Coke  was   very  strangely 

contentor�察  �at   least�察  �content   as   far   as   Loubel   was   concerned�察  �for   this 

witness was not summoned again。 

     Other   persons   were   examined   by   Coke�察  �notably   Overbury's   servant 

Davies and his secretary Payton。            Their statements served to throw some 

suspicion on the Earl of Somerset。 

     But if all the detail of  these examinations were gone into we  should 

never   be   done。    Our   concern   is   with   the   two   women   involved�察  �Anne 

Turner   and   the   Countess   of   Somerset�察  �as   we   must   now   call   her。   I   am 

going to quote�察�however�察�two paragraphs from Rafael Sabatini's romance 

The Minion that I think may explain why it is so difficult to come to the 

truth of the Overbury mystery。            They indicate how it was smothered by 

the way in which Coke rough´handled justice throughout the whole series 

of trials。 

       On October 19th�察�at the Guildhall�察�began the Great Oyer of Poisoning�察�

as Coke described it�察�with the trial of Richard Weston。 

     Thus at the very outset the dishonesty of the proceedi

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