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indulge in threats unless he was certain of the grounds�察 �and solid upon
them�察�upon which he made those threats。 He had too great a knowledge
of affairs not to know that the commission would be a packed one�察 �too
great an acquaintance with the strategy of James to believe that his lonely
evidence�察 �unless of bombshell nature�察 �would have a chance of carrying
weight in a court of his Majesty's picking。 And�察�then�察�he was of too big a
mind to put forward evidence which would have no effect but that of
affording gossip for the scandal´mongers�察�and the giving of which would
make him appear to be actuated by petty spite。 He had too great a sense
of his own dignity to give himself anything but an heroic role。 Samson
he might play�察 �pulling the pillars of the temple together to involve his
enemies�察�with himself�察�in magnificent and dramatic ruin。 But Iachimo
no。
In the welter of evidence conflicting with apparent fact which was
given before the commission and in the trials of the Great Oyer�察 �in the
mass of writing both contemporary and of later days round the Overbury
mystery�察�it is hard indeed to land upon the truth。 Feasible solution is to
be come upon only by accepting a not too pretty story which is retailed by
Antony Weldon。 He says that the girl whom the jury of matrons declared
to be virgo intacta was so heavily veiled as to be unidentifiable through
the whole proceedings�察 �and that she was not Lady Essex at all�察 �but the
youthful daughter of Sir Thomas Monson。
Mrs Turner�察�we do know�察�was very much a favourite with the ladies of
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Sir Thomas Monson's family。 Gossip Weldon has a funny�察�if lewd�察�story
to tell of high jinks indulged in by the Monson women and Mrs Turner in
which Symon�察�Monson's servant�察�played an odd part。 This Symon was
also employed by Mrs Turner to carry food to Overbury in the Tower。 If
the substitution story has any truth in it it might well have been a Monson
girl who played the part of the Countess。 But�察�of course�察�a Monson girl
may have been chosen by the inventors to give verisimilitude to the
substitution story�察�simply because the family was friendly with Turner�察�and
the tale of the lewd high jinks with Symon added to make it seem more
likely that old Lady Monson would lend herself to such a plot。
If there was such a plot it is not at all unlikely that Overbury knew of it。
If there was need of such a scheme to bolster the nullity petition it would
have had to be evolved while the petition was being plannedthat is�察 �a
month or two before the commission went first into session。 At that time
Overbury was still Rochester's secretary�察�still Rochester's confidant�察�and if
such a scheme had been evolved for getting over an obstacle so fatal to the
petition's success it was not in Rochester's nature to have concealed it
from Overbury�察�the two men still being fast friends。 Indeed�察�it may have
been Overbury who pointed out the need there would be for the Countess
to undergo physical examination�察 �and it may have been on the certainty
that her ladyship could not do so that Overbury rested so securelyas he
most apparently did�察�beyond the point of safetyin the idea that the suit
was bound to fail。 It is legitimate enough to suppose�察 �along this
hypothesis�察�that this substitution plot was the very matter on which the two
men quarrelled。
That Overbury had knowledge of some such essential secret as this is
manifest in the enmity towards the man which Lady Essex exhibited�察�even
when he lay�察�out of the way of doing harm�察�in the Tower。 It is hard to
believe that an innocent girl of twenty�察�conscious of her virgin chastity�察�in
mere fear of scandal which she knew would be baseless�察�could pursue the
life of a man with the venom that�察 �as we shall presently see�察 �Frances
Howard used towards Overbury through Mrs Turner。
�ァ�V
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As a preliminary to his marriage with Frances Howard�察�Rochester was
created Earl of Somerset�察�and had the barony of Brancepeth bestowed on
him by the King。 Overbury was three months in his grave when the
marriage was celebrated in the midst of the most extravagant show and
entertainment。
The new Earl's power in the kingdom was never so high as at this time。
It was�察�indeed�察�at its zenith。 Decline was soon to set in。 It will not serve
here to follow the whole process of decay in the King's favour that
Somerset was now to experience。 There was poetic justice in his
downfall。 With hands all about him itching to bring him to the ground�察�
he had not the brain for the giddy heights。 If behind him there had been
the man whose guidance had made him sure´footed in the climb he might
have survived�察�flourishing。 But the man he had consigned to death had
been more than half of him�察�had been�察�indeed�察�his substance。 Alone�察�with
the power Overbury's talents had brought him�察�Somerset was bound to fail。
The irony of it is that his downfall was contrived by a creature of his own
raising。
Somerset had appointed Sir Ralph Winwood to the office of First
Secretary of State。 In that office word came to Winwood from Brussels
that new light had been thrown on the mysterious death of Sir Thomas
Overbury。 Winwood investigated in secret。 An English lad�察�one Reeves�察�
an apothecary's assistant�察 �thinking himself dying�察 �had confessed at
Flushing that Overbury had been poisoned by an injection of corrosive
sublimate。 Reeves himself had given the injection on the orders of his
master�察 �Loubel�察 �the apothecary who had attended Overbury on the day
before his death。 Winwood sought out Loubel�察�and from him went to Sir
Gervase Elwes。 The story he was able to make from what he had from
the two men he took to the King。 From this beginning rose up the Great
Oyer of Poisoning。 The matter was put into the hands of the Lord Chief
Justice�察�Sir Edward Coke。
The lad Reeves�察 �whose confession had started the matter�察 �was either
dead or dying abroad�察�and was so out of Coke's reach。 But the man who
had helped the lad to administer the poisoned clyster�察 �the under´keeper
Weston�察 �was at hand。 Weston was arrested�察 �and examined by Coke。
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The statement Coke's bullying drew from the man made mention of one
Franklin�察�another apothecary�察�as having supplied a phial which Sir Gervase
Elwes had taken and thrown away。 Weston had also received another
phial by Franklin's son from Lady Essex。 This also Sir Gervase had
taken and destroyed。 Then there had been tarts and jellies supplied by
Mrs Turner。
Coke had Mrs Turner and Franklin arrested�察�and after that Sir Gervase
was taken as an accessory�察 �and on his statement that he had employed
Weston on Sir Thomas Monson's recommendation Sir Thomas also was
roped in。 He maintained that he had been told to recommend Weston by
Lady Essex and the Earl of Northampton。
The next person to be examined by Coke was the apothecary Loubel�察�
he who had attended Overbury on the day before his death。 Though in
his confession the lad Reeves said that he had been given money and sent
abroad by Loubel�察�this was a matter that Coke did not probe。 Loubel told
Coke that he had given Overbury nothing but the physic prescribed by Sir
Theodore Mayerne�察�the King's physician�察�and that in his opinion Overbury
had died of consumption。 With this evidence Coke was very strangely
contentor�察 �at least�察 �content as far as Loubel was concerned�察 �for this
witness was not summoned again。
Other persons were examined by Coke�察 �notably Overbury's servant
Davies and his secretary Payton。 Their statements served to throw some
suspicion on the Earl of Somerset。
But if all the detail of these examinations were gone into we should
never be done。 Our concern is with the two women involved�察 �Anne
Turner and the Countess of Somerset�察 �as we must now call her。 I am
going to quote�察�however�察�two paragraphs from Rafael Sabatini's romance
The Minion that I think may explain why it is so difficult to come to the
truth of the Overbury mystery。 They indicate how it was smothered by
the way in which Coke rough´handled justice throughout the whole series
of trials。
On October 19th�察�at the Guildhall�察�began the Great Oyer of Poisoning�察�
as Coke described it�察�with the trial of Richard Weston。
Thus at the very outset the dishonesty of the proceedi