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possession      of   small   savings�察    �some    forty   pounds�察    �which    aroused     the 

cupidity of the younger women。               Their first attempt at murder was with 

metallic mercury。        It rather failed�察�and the trick was turned by means of 

three´pennyworth of strychnine�察�bought by Sarah and mixed with the old 

lady's food。      The murder might not have been discovered but for the fact 

that Sarah�察�who had gone to Canada�察�was arrested in Montreal for some 

other offence�察�and made a confession which implicated her husband and 

Black。     A notable point about the case is the amount of metallic mercury 

found in the old woman's body�此�296 grainsa record。 

     Having regard to the condition of life in which these Irishwomen lived�察�



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there   is   nothing�察  �to   my   mind�察  �in   the   fact   that   they   murdered   for   forty 

pounds to make their crime more sordid than that of Mary Blandy。 

     Take�察  �again�察  �the   case   of   Mary Ansell�察  �the   domestic   servant�察  �who�察  �at 

Hertford Assizes in June 1899�察�was found guilty of the murder of her sister�察�

Caroline�察�by the administration of phosphorus contained in a cake。                     Here 

the motive for the murder was the insurance made by Ansell upon the life 

of   her   sister�察  �a   young   woman   of   weak   intellect   confined   in   Leavesden 

Asylum�察�Watford。         The sum assured was only L22 10s。               If Mary Blandy 

poisoned her father in order to be at liberty to marry her lover�察�Cranstoun�察�

and   to   secure   the   fortune   Cranstoun   wanted   with   her�察  �wherein   does   she 

shine above Mary Ansell�察�a murderess who not only poisoned her sister�察�

but nearly murdered several of her sister's fellow´inmates of the asylum�察�

and    all  for  twenty    odd    pounds�拭    �Certainly      not  in  being    less  sordid�察�

certainly not in being more `romantic。' 

     There is�察�at root�察�no case of murder proved and accepted as such which 

does not contain its points of interest for the criminological writer。               There 

is�察�indeed�察�many a case�察�not only of murder but of lesser crime�察�that has 

failed to attract a lot of attention�察�but that yet�察�in affording matter for the 

student   of   crime   and   criminal   psychology�察  �surpasses   others   which�察  �very 

often because there has been nothing of greater public moment at the time�察�

were boomed by the Press into the prominence of causes celebres。 

     There is no need then�察�after all�察�for any crime writer who wants to fry a 

modest   basket   of   fish   to   mourn   because   Mr   Roughead�察  �Mr。   Beaufroy 

Barry�察�Mr Guy Logan�察�Miss Tennyson Jesse�察�Mr Leonard R。 Gribble�察�and 

others   of   his   estimable   fellows   seem   to   have   swiped   all   the   sole   and 

salmon。      It may be a matter for envy that Mr Roughead�察�with his uncanny 

skill and his gift in piquant sauces�察�can turn out the haddock and hake with 

all the delectability of sole a la Normande。             The sigh of envy will merge 

into   an   exhalation   of   joy   over   the  artistry   of   it。 And   one   may   turn�察�

wholeheartedly and inspired�察�to see what can be made of one's own catch 

of gudgeon。 



     �ァ�III 

     ``More deadly than the male。'' 



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     Kipling's     line   about   the   female     of  the   species    has   been    quoted�察�

particularly as a text for dissertation on the female criminal�察�perhaps rather 

too often。     There is always a temptation to use the easy gambit。 

     It is quite probable that there are moments in a woman's life when she 

does become more deadly than the male。 The probability is one which no 

man of age and experience will lack instance for making a fact。                     Without 

seeking to become profound in the matter I will say this�此�it is but lightly as 

compared   with   a   man   that   one   need   scratch   a   woman   to   come   on   the 

natural creature。 

     Now�察  �your   natural   creature�察  �not   inhibited   by   reason�察  �lives   by   theft�察�

murder�察�and dissimulation。           It lives�察�even as regards the male�察�but for one 

purpose�此�to continue its species。           Enrage a woman�察�then�察�or frighten her 

into the natural creature�察�and she will discard all those petty rules invented 

by the human   male for his advantage over�察�and his safety from�察�the less 

disciplined      members      of   the   species。    All    that   stuff   about    `honour��' 

`Queensberry rules��' `playing the game��' and what not will go by the board。 

And she will fight you with tooth and talon�察�with lies�察�with blows below 

the beltmetaphorically�察�of course。 

     It may well be that you have done nothing more than hurt her pride 

the    civilized   part  of   her。  But     instinctively    she  will   fight   you   as  the 

mother animal�察�either potentially or in being。              It will not occur to her that 

she   is   doing   so。   Nor   will   it   occur   to   you。  But   the   fact   that   she  is 

fighting at all will bring it about�察�for fighting to any female animal means 

defence of her young。          She may not have any young in being。               That does 

not affect the case。       She will fight for the ova she carries�察�for the ova she 

has yet to develop。        Beyond all reason�察�deep�察�instinct deep�察�within her she 

is the carrier of the race。        This instinct is so profound that she will have 

no   recollection   in   a   crisis   of   the   myriads   of   her   like�察  �but   will   think   of 

herself as the race's one chance to persist。            Dangerous�拭       �Of course she's 

dangerousas       dangerous      as  Nature�     �Just    as  dangerous�察     �just  as  self´ 

centred�察�as in its small way is that vegetative organism the volvox�察�which�察�

when   food is   scarce   and   the   race   is   threatened�察  �against   possible need   of 

insemination�察  �creates   separate   husband   cells   to   starve   in   clusters�察  �while 

`she' hogs all the food´supply for the production of eggs。 



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     This small flight into biology is made merely for the dim light it may 

cast   on   the   Kipling   half´truth。   It   is   not   made   to   explain   why   women 

criminals are more deadly�察�more cruel�察�more deeply lost in turpitude�察�than 

their male   colleagues。      But   it   may  help   to   explain   why  so   many  crime´ 

writers�察�following Lombroso�察�THINK the female more deadly。 

     There is something so deeply shocking in the idea of a woman being 

other    than    kind   and   good�察   �something      so   antagonistic    to   the  smug 

conception of Eve as the ``minist'ring angel�察�thou��'' that leaps to extremes 

in expression are easy。 

     A drunken woman�察�however�察�and for example�察�is not essentially more 

degraded      than   a  drunken     man。    This    in  spite  of   popular    belief。   A 

nymphomaniac   is   not   essentially   more   degraded   than   a   brothel´haunting 

male。     It may be true that moral sense decays more quickly in a woman 

than in a man�察�that the sex´ridden or drink´avid woman touches the deeps 

of degradation more quickly�察�but the reasons for this are patent。               They are 

economic reasons usually�察�and physical�察�and not adherent to any inevitably 

weaker moral fibre in the woman。 

     Women   as   a   rule   have   less   command   of   money   than   men。     If   they 

earn    what    they  spend    they   generally    have   to   seek   their  satisfactions 

cheaply�察�and�察�of course�察�since their powers of resistance to the debilitating 

effects of alcohol are commonly less than those of men�察�they more readily 

lose physical tone。       With loss of health goes loss of earning power�察�loss 

of caste。    The descent�察�in general�察�must be quicker。             It is much the same 

in nymphomania。         Unless the sex´avid woman has a decent income�察�such 

as will provide her with those means whereby women preserve the effect 

of attractiveness�察�she must seek assuagement of her sex´torment with men 

less and less fastidious。 

     But it is useless and canting to say that peccant women are worse than 

men。     If we are kind we say so merely because we are more apprehensive 

for   them。    Safe   women�察  �with   but   rare   exceptions�察  �are   notably   callous 

about     their  sisters  astray�察  �and   the  ``we''   I  have   used   must    be  taken 

generally to signify men。          We see the danger for erring women�察�danger 

economic and physical。          Thinking in terms of the phrase that ``a woman's 

place is the home��'' we wonder what will become of them。                     We wonder 



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anxiously what man�察�braver or less fastidious than ourselves�察�will accept 

the burden of rescuing them�察�give them the sanctuary of a home。                     We see 

them as helpless�察�pitiable beings。          We are shocked to see them fall so low。 

     There     is   something      of   this  rather    maudlin     mentality�察    �generally 

speaking�察�in our way of regarding women criminals。                     To think�察�we   say�察�

that a WOMAN should do such things� �

     But why should we be more shocked by the commission of a crime by 

a woman than by a maneven the cruellest of crimes�拭                  �Take the male and 

female in feral creation�察�and there is nothing to choose between them in 

the matter of cruelty。        The lion and the lioness both live by murder�察�and 

until gravi

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