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CHAPTER XXXVIII The Royal Flying Corps and
Royal Naval Air Service
The year 1912 was marked by the institution of the Royal Flying
Corps。 The new corps�察�which was so soon to make its mark in the greatest
of all wars�察�consisted of naval and military ;wings;。 In those early days
the head´quarters of the corps were at Eastchurch�察 �and there both naval
and military officers were trained in aviation。 In an arm of such rapid
almost miraculousdevelopment as Service flying to go back a period of
six years is almost to take a plunge into ancient history。 Designs�察�engines�察�
guns�察 �fittings�察 �signals of those days are now almost archaic。 The British
engine of reliable make had not yet been evolved�察 �and the aeroplane
generally was a conglomerate affair made up of parts assembled from
various parts of the Continent。 The present´day sea´plane was yet to come�察�
and naval pilots shared the land´going aeroplanes of their military brethren。
In the days when Bleriot provided a world sensation by flying across the
Channel the new science was kept alive mainly by the private enterprise of
newspapers and aeroplane manufacturers。 The official attitude�察 �as is so
often the case in the history of inventions�察�was as frigid as could be。 The
Government looked on with a cold and critical eye�察 �and could not be
touched either in heart or in pocket。
But with the institution of the Royal Flying Corps the official heart
began to warm slightly�察 �and certain tests were laid down for those
manufacturers who aspired to sell their machines to the new arm of the
Service。 These tests�察�providing for fuel capacity up to 4。0 miles�察�speeds up
to 85 miles an hour�察�and heights up to 3500 feet�察�would now be regarded
as very elementary affairs。 ;Looping the loop; was still a dangerous trick
for the exhibiting airman and not an evolution�察�while the ;nose´dive; was
an uncalculated entry into the next world。
The first important stage in the history of the new arm was reached in
July�察�1914�察�when the wing system was abolished�察�and the Royal Naval Air
Service became a separate unit of the Imperial Forces。 The first public
appearance of the sailor airmen was at a proposed review of the fleet by
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the King at a test mobilization。 The King was unable to attend�察 �but the
naval pilots carried out their part of the programme very creditably
considering the polyglot nature of their sea´planes。 A few weeks later and
the country was at war。
There can be no doubt that the Great War has had an enormous forcing
influence upon the science of aviation。 In times of peace the old game of
private enterprise and official neglect would possibly have been carried on
in well´marked stages。 But with the terrific incentive of victory before
them�察 �all Governments fostered the growth of the new arm by all the
means in their power。 It became a race between Allied and enemy
countries as to who first should attain the mastery of the air。 The British
nation�察�as usual�察�started well behind in the race�察�and their handicap would
have been increased to a dangerous extent had Germany not been obsessed
by the possibilities of the air´ship as opposed to the aeroplane。 Fortunately
for us the Zeppelin�察�as has been described in an earlier chapter�察�failed to
bring about the destruction anticipated by its inventor�察�and so we gained
breathing space for catching up the enemy in the building and equipment
of aeroplanes and the training of pilots and observers。
War has set up its usual screens�察�and the writer is only permitted a very
vague and impressionistic picture of the work of the R。F。C。 and R。N。A。S。
Numerical details and localities must be rigorously suppressed。
Descriptions of the work of the Flying Service must be almost as bald as
those laconic reports sent in by naval and military airmen to head´quarters。
But there is such an accomplishment as reading between the lines。
The flying men fall naturally into two classespilots and observers。
The latter�察�of course�察�act as aerial gunners。 The pilots have to pass through
three�察 �and observers two�察 �successive courses of training in aviation。
Instruction is very detailed and thorough as befits a career which�察 �in
addition to embracing the endless problems of flight�察�demands knowledge
of wireless telegraphy�察�photography�察�and machine gunnery。
Many of the officers are drafted into the Royal Flying Corps from
other branches of the Service�察�but there are also large numbers of civilians
who take up the career。 In their case they are first trained as cadets�察�and�察�
after qualifying for commissions�察�start their training in aviation at one of
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the many schools which have now sprung up in all parts of the country。
When the actual flying men are counted in thousands some idea may
be gained of the great organization required for the Corpsthe schools and
flying grounds�察�the training and activities of the mechanics�察�the workshops
and repair shops�察�the storage of spare parts�察�the motor transport�察�&c。 As in
other departments of the Service�察 �women have come forward and are
doing excellent and most responsible work�察 �especially in the motor´
transport section。
A very striking feature of the Corps is the extreme youth of the
members�察�many of the most daring fighters in the air being mere boys of
twenty。
The Corps has the very pick of the youth and daring and enterprise of
the country。 In the days of the old army there existed certain unwritten
laws of precedence as between various branches of the Service。 If such
customs still prevail it is certain that the very newest arm would take pride
of place。 The flying man has recaptured some of the glamour and romance
which encircled the knight´errant of old。 He breathes the very atmosphere
of dangerous adventure。 Life for him is a series of thrills�察�any one of which
would be sufficient to last the ordinary humdrum citizen for a lifetime。
Small wonder that the flying man has captured the interest and affection of
the people�察�and all eyes follow these trim�察�smart�察�desperadoes of the air in
their passage through our cities。
As regards the work of the flying man the danger curve seems to be
changing。 On the one hand the training is much more severe and exacting
than formerly was the case�察�and so carries a greater element of danger。 On
the other hand on the battle´front fighting information has in great
measure taken the place of the system of men going up ;on their own;。
They are perhaps not so liable to meet with a numerical superiority on the
part of enemy machines�察�which spelt for them almost certain destruction。
For a long time the policy of silence and secrecy which screened ;the
front; from popular gaze kept us in ignorance of the achievements of our
airmen。 But finally the voice of the people prevailed in their demand for
more enlightenment。 Names of regiments began to be mentioned in
connection with particular successes。 And in the same way the heroes of
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the R。F。C。 and R。N。A。S。 were allowed to reap some of the laurels they
deserved。
It began to be recognized that publication of the name of an airman
who had destroyed a Zeppelin�察 �for instance�察 �did not constitute any vital
information to the enemy。 In a recent raid upon London the names of the
two airmen�察�Captain G。 H。 Hackwill�察�R。F。C。�察�and Lieutenant C。 C。 Banks�察�
R。F。C。�察�who destroyed a Gotha�察�were given out in the House of Commons
and saluted with cheers。 In the old days the secretist party would have
regarded this publication as a policy which led the nation in the direct line
of ;losing the war;。
In the annals of the Flying Service�察�where dare´devilry is taken as a
matter of course and hairbreadth escapes from death are part of the daily
routine�察 �it is difficult to select adventures for special mention�察 �but the
following episodes will give a general idea of the work of the airman in
war。
The great feat of Sub´Lieutenant R。 A。 J。 Warneford�察 �R。N。A。S。�察 �who
single´handed attacked and destroyed a Zeppelin�察 �has already been
referred to in Chapter XIII。 Lieutenant Warneford was the second on the
list of airmen who won the coveted Cross�察�the first recipient being Second´
Lieutenant Barnard Rhodes´Moorhouse�察�for a daring and successful bomb´
dropping raid upon Courtrai in April�察�1915。 As has happened in so many
cases�察�the award to Lieutenant Rhodes´Moorhouse was a posthumous one�察�
the gallant airman having been mortally wounded during the raid�察�in spite