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      CHAPTER XXXVIII The Royal Flying Corps and 



                          Royal Naval Air Service 



     The   year   1912   was   marked   by   the   institution   of   the   Royal   Flying 

Corps。 The new corps�察�which was so soon to make its mark in the greatest 

of all wars�察�consisted   of naval and military  ;wings;。 In those early  days 

the   head´quarters   of   the   corps   were   at   Eastchurch�察  �and   there   both   naval 

and   military  officers   were   trained   in   aviation。   In   an   arm  of   such   rapid 

almost miraculousdevelopment as Service flying to go back a period of 

six years is almost to take a plunge into ancient history。 Designs�察�engines�察�

guns�察 �fittings�察 �signals   of  those   days   are   now  almost   archaic。 The   British 

engine   of   reliable    make   had    not   yet   been   evolved�察   �and   the  aeroplane 

generally   was   a   conglomerate   affair   made   up   of   parts   assembled   from 

various parts of the Continent。 The present´day sea´plane was yet to come�察�

and naval pilots shared the land´going aeroplanes of their military brethren。 

In the days when Bleriot provided a world sensation by flying across the 

Channel the new science was kept alive mainly by the private enterprise of 

newspapers   and   aeroplane   manufacturers。   The   official   attitude�察  �as   is   so 

often the case in the history of inventions�察�was as frigid as could be。 The 

Government   looked   on   with   a   cold   and   critical   eye�察  �and   could   not   be 

touched either in heart or in pocket。 

     But   with   the   institution   of   the   Royal   Flying   Corps   the   official   heart 

began     to   warm    slightly�察  �and   certain    tests  were    laid  down     for   those 

manufacturers   who   aspired to   sell their   machines   to the   new   arm  of   the 

Service。 These tests�察�providing for fuel capacity up to 4。0 miles�察�speeds up 

to 85 miles an hour�察�and heights up to 3500 feet�察�would now be regarded 

as very elementary affairs。 ;Looping the loop; was still a dangerous trick 

for the exhibiting airman and not an evolution�察�while the ;nose´dive; was 

an uncalculated entry into the next world。 

     The first important stage in the history of the new arm was reached in 

July�察�1914�察�when the wing system was abolished�察�and the Royal Naval Air 

Service   became   a   separate   unit   of   the   Imperial   Forces。   The   first   public 

appearance of the sailor airmen was at a proposed review of the fleet by 



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the   King   at   a   test   mobilization。  The   King   was   unable   to   attend�察  �but   the 

naval     pilots  carried    out  their   part  of   the  programme       very    creditably 

considering the polyglot nature of their sea´planes。 A few weeks later and 

the country was at war。 

     There can be no doubt that the Great War has had an enormous forcing 

influence upon the science of aviation。 In times of peace the old game of 

private enterprise and official neglect would possibly have been carried on 

in   well´marked   stages。   But   with   the   terrific   incentive   of   victory   before 

them�察  �all   Governments   fostered   the   growth   of   the   new   arm   by   all   the 

means      in  their  power。     It  became     a  race   between     Allied   and    enemy 

countries as to who first should attain the mastery of the air。 The British 

nation�察�as usual�察�started well behind in the race�察�and their handicap would 

have been increased to a dangerous extent had Germany not been obsessed 

by the possibilities of the air´ship as opposed to the aeroplane。 Fortunately 

for us the Zeppelin�察�as has been described in an earlier chapter�察�failed to 

bring about the destruction anticipated by its inventor�察�and so we gained 

breathing space for catching up the enemy in the building and equipment 

of aeroplanes and the training of pilots and observers。 

     War has set up its usual screens�察�and the writer is only permitted a very 

vague and impressionistic picture of the work of the R。F。C。 and R。N。A。S。 

Numerical        details    and    localities    must     be    rigorously     suppressed。 

Descriptions of the work of the Flying Service must be almost as bald as 

those laconic reports sent in by naval and military airmen to head´quarters。 

But there is such an accomplishment as reading between the lines。 

     The   flying   men   fall   naturally   into   two   classespilots   and   observers。 

The latter�察�of course�察�act as aerial gunners。 The pilots have to pass through 

three�察   �and   observers     two�察  �successive     courses    of  training    in  aviation。 

Instruction   is    very   detailed   and   thorough     as  befits   a  career   which�察   �in 

addition to embracing the endless problems of flight�察�demands knowledge 

of wireless telegraphy�察�photography�察�and machine gunnery。 

     Many   of   the   officers   are   drafted   into   the   Royal   Flying   Corps   from 

other branches of the Service�察�but there are also large numbers of civilians 

who take up the career。 In their case they are first trained as cadets�察�and�察�

after qualifying for commissions�察�start their training in aviation at one of 



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the many schools which have now sprung up in all parts of the country。 

     When the actual flying men are counted in thousands some idea may 

be gained of the great organization required for the Corpsthe schools and 

flying grounds�察�the training and activities of the mechanics�察�the workshops 

and repair shops�察�the storage of spare parts�察�the motor transport�察�&c。 As in 

other   departments   of   the   Service�察  �women   have   come   forward   and   are 

doing     excellent    and   most    responsible    work�察   �especially    in  the   motor´ 

transport section。 

     A   very   striking   feature   of   the  Corps    is  the  extreme    youth    of  the 

members�察�many of the most daring fighters in the air being mere boys of 

twenty。 

     The Corps has the very pick of the youth and daring and enterprise of 

the   country。   In   the   days   of   the   old   army   there   existed   certain   unwritten 

laws   of   precedence   as   between   various   branches   of   the   Service。   If   such 

customs still prevail it is certain that the very newest arm would take pride 

of place。 The flying man has recaptured some of the glamour and romance 

which encircled the knight´errant of old。 He breathes the very atmosphere 

of dangerous adventure。 Life for him is a series of thrills�察�any one of which 

would   be   sufficient   to   last   the   ordinary   humdrum   citizen   for   a   lifetime。 

Small wonder that the flying man has captured the interest and affection of 

the people�察�and all eyes follow these trim�察�smart�察�desperadoes of the air in 

their passage through our cities。 

     As regards the work of the flying man the danger curve seems to be 

changing。 On the one hand the training is much more severe and exacting 

than formerly was the case�察�and so carries a greater element of danger。 On 

the    other   hand    on  the   battle´front    fighting   information     has   in   great 

measure taken the place of the system of   men going up ;on their   own;。 

They are perhaps not so liable to meet with a numerical superiority on the 

part of enemy machines�察�which spelt for them almost certain destruction。 

     For a long time the policy of silence and secrecy which screened ;the 

front; from popular gaze kept us in ignorance of the achievements of our 

airmen。 But finally the voice of the people prevailed in their demand for 

more     enlightenment。      Names     of   regiments     began    to  be   mentioned     in 

connection with particular successes。 And in the same way the heroes of 



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the   R。F。C。   and   R。N。A。S。   were   allowed   to   reap   some   of   the   laurels   they 

deserved。 

     It   began   to   be   recognized   that   publication of   the name   of   an   airman 

who   had   destroyed   a   Zeppelin�察  �for   instance�察  �did   not   constitute   any   vital 

information to the enemy。 In a recent raid upon London the names of the 

two airmen�察�Captain G。 H。 Hackwill�察�R。F。C。�察�and Lieutenant C。 C。 Banks�察�

R。F。C。�察�who destroyed a Gotha�察�were given out in the House of Commons 

and   saluted   with   cheers。   In   the   old   days   the   secretist   party   would   have 

regarded this publication as a policy which led the nation in the direct line 

of ;losing the war;。 

     In the   annals   of the   Flying   Service�察�where dare´devilry  is taken   as   a 

matter of course and hairbreadth escapes from death are part of the daily 

routine�察  �it   is   difficult   to   select   adventures   for   special   mention�察  �but   the 

following episodes will give a general idea of the work of the airman in 

war。 

     The   great   feat of   Sub´Lieutenant   R。 A。  J。 Warneford�察 �R。N。A。S。�察  �who 

single´handed        attacked    and   destroyed      a  Zeppelin�察    �has   already    been 

referred to in Chapter XIII。 Lieutenant Warneford was the second on the 

list of airmen who won the coveted Cross�察�the first recipient being Second´ 

Lieutenant Barnard Rhodes´Moorhouse�察�for a daring and successful bomb´ 

dropping raid upon Courtrai in April�察�1915。 As has happened in so many 

cases�察�the award to Lieutenant Rhodes´Moorhouse was a posthumous one�察�

the gallant airman having been mortally wounded during the raid�察�in spite 

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