letters on literature(購噐猟僥)-及10何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
write an essay on the grammar�察�nor would you read it if I did。 The chief
thing is that ;s; appears as the sign of the singular�察�instead of being the
sign of the plural�察�and the nouns have cases。
The story must be as old as the end of the twelfth century�察�and must
have received its present form in Picardy。 It is written�察 �as you see�察 �in
alternate snatches of verse and prose。 The verse�察�which was chanted�察�is
not rhymed as a rule�察 �but each laisse�察 �or screed�察 �as in the ;Chanson de
Roland�察─�runs on the same final assonance�察�or vowel sound throughout。
So much for the form。 Who is the author�拭 �We do not know�察 �and
never shall know。 Apparently he mentions himself in the first lines�此�
;Who would listen to the lay�察�Of the captive old and gray�察─�
for this is as much sense as one can make out of del deport du viel
caitif。
The author�察�then�察�was an old fellow。 I think we might learn as much
from the story。 An old man he was�察 �or a man who felt old。 Do you
know whom he reminds me of�拭 �Why�察 �of Mr。 Bowes�察 �of the Theatre
Royal�察 �Chatteris�察 �of Mr。 Bowes�察 �that battered�察 �old�察 �kindly sentimentalist
who told his tale with Mr。 Arthur Pendennis。
It is a love story�察�a story of love overmastering�察�without conscience or
care of aught but the beloved。 And the viel caitif tells it with sympathy�察�
and with a smile。 ;Oh�察�folly of fondness�察─�he seems to cry�察 �oh�察�pretty
fever and foolish�察�oh�察�absurd happy days of desolation�此�
;When I was young�察�as you are young�察�And lutes were touched�察�and
songs were sung� �And love´lamps in the windows hung� ─�
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It is the very tone of Thackeray�察�when Thackeray is tender�察�and the
world heard it first from this elderly nameless minstrel�察�strolling with his
viol and his singing boys�察�a blameless D'Assoucy�察�from castle to castle in
the happy poplar land。 I think I see him and hear him in the silver
twilight�察�in the court of some chateau of Picardy�察�while the ladies around
sit listening on silken cushions�察�and their lovers�察�fettered with silver chains�察�
lie at their feet。 They listen�察�and look�察�and do not think of the minstrel with
his gray head�察�and his green heart�察�but we think of him。 It is an old man's
work�察�and a weary man's work。 You can easily tell the places where he
has lingered and been pleased as he wrote。
The story is simple enough。 Aucassin�察 �son of Count Garin�察 �of
Beaucaire�察�loved so well fair Nicolette�察�the captive girl from an unknown
land�察�that he would never be dubbed knight�察�nor follow tourneys�察�nor even
fight against his father's mortal foe�察 �Count Bougars de Valence。 So
Nicolette was imprisoned high in a painted chamber。 But the enemy
were storming the town�察�and�察 �for the promise of ;one word or two with
Nicolette�察 �and one kiss�察─ �Aucassin armed himself and led out his men。
But he was all adream about Nicolette�察 �and his horse bore him into the
press of foes ere he knew it。 Then he heard them contriving his death�察�
and woke out of his dream。
;The damoiseau was tall and strong�察 �and the horse whereon he sat
fierce and great�察�and Aucassin laid hand to sword�察�and fell a´ smiting to
right and left�察 �and smote through helm and headpiece�察 �and arm and
shoulder�察�making a murder about him�察�like a wild boar the hounds fall on
in the forest。 There slew he ten knights�察 �and smote down seven�察 �and
mightily and knightly he hurled through the press�察 �and charged home
again�察 �sword in hand。; For that hour Aucassin struck like one of
Mallory's men in the best of all romances。 But though he took Count
Bougars prisoner�察�his father would not keep his word�察�nor let him have one
word or two with Nicolette�察�and one kiss。 Nay�察�Aucassin was thrown into
prison in an old tower。 There he sang of Nicolette�察�
;Was it not the other day That a pilgrim came this way�拭 �And a
passion him possessed�察 �That upon his bed he lay�察 �Lay�察 �and tossed�察 �and
knew no rest�察 �In his pain discomforted。 But thou camest by his bed�察�
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Holding high thine amice fine And thy kirtle of ermine。 Then the beauty
that is thine Did he look on�察�and it fell That the Pilgrim straight was well�察�
Straight was hale and comforted。 And he rose up from his bed�察�And went
back to his own place Sound and strong�察�and fair of face。;
Thus Aucassin makes a Legend of his lady�察�as it were�察�assigning to
her beauty such miracles as faith attributes to the excellence of the saints。
Meanwhile�察 �Nicolette had slipped from the window of her prison
chamber�察�and let herself down into the garden�察�where she heard the song of
the nightingales。 ;Then caught she up her kirtle in both hands�察 �behind
and before�察�and flitted over the dew that lay deep on the grass�察�and fled out
of the garden�察�and the daisy flowers bending below her tread seemed dark
against her feet�察 �so white was the maiden。; Can't you see her stealing
with those ;feet of ivory�察─�like Bombyca's�察�down the dark side of the silent
moonlit streets of Beaucaire�拭�
Then she came where Aucassin was lamenting in his cell�察 �and she
whispered to him how she was fleeing for her life。 And he answered that
without her he must die�察�and then this foolish pair�察�in the very mouth of
peril�察�must needs begin a war of words as to which loved the other best� �
;Nay�察�fair sweet friend�察─�saith Aucassin�察 �it may not be that thou lovest
me more than I love thee。 Woman may not love man as man loves
woman�察�for a woman's love lies no deeper than in the glance of her eye�察�
and the blossom of her breast�察�and her foot's tip´toe�察�but man's love is in
his heart planted�察�whence never can it issue forth and pass away。;
So while they speak
;In debate as birds are�察�Hawk on bough�察─�
comes the kind sentinel to warn them of a danger。 And Nicolette
flees�察�and leaps into the fosse�察�and thence escapes into a great forest and
lonely。 In the morning she met shepherds merry over their meat�察 �and
bade them tell Aucassin to hunt in that forest�察�where he should find a deer
whereof one glance would cure him of his malady。 The shepherds are
happy�察 �laughing people�察 �who half mock Nicolette�察 �and quite mock
Aucassin�察�when he comes that way。 But at first they took Nicolette for a
fee�察 �such a beauty shone so brightly from her�察 �and lit up all the forest。
Aucassin they banter�察 �and indeed the free talk of the peasants to their
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lord's son in that feudal age sounds curiously�察 �and may well make us
reconsider our notions of early feudalism。
But Aucassin learns at least that Nicolette is in the wood�察�and he rides
at adventure after her�察�till the thorns have ruined his silken surcoat�察�and the
blood�察�dripping from his torn body�察�makes a visible track in the grass。 So�察�
as he wept�察�he met a monstrous man of the wood�察�that asked him why he
lamented。 And he said he was sorrowing for a lily´white hound that he
had lost。 Then the wild man mocked him�察 �and told his own tale。 He
was in that estate which Achilles�察 �among the ghosts�察 �preferred to all the
kingship of the dead outworn。 He was hind and hireling to a villein�察�and he
had lost one of the villein's oxen。 For that he dared not go into the town�察�
where a prison awaited him。 Moreover�察�they had dragged the very bed
from under his old mother�察�to pay the price of the ox�察�and she lay on straw�察�
and at that the woodman wept。
A curious touch�察 �is it not�察 �of pity for the people�拭�The old poet is
serious for one moment。 ;Compare�察─�he says�察 �the sorrows of sentiment�察�
of ladies and lovers�察�praised in song�察�with the sorrows of the poor�察 �with
troubles that are real and not of the heart� ─ �Even Aucassin the lovelorn
feels it�察 �and gives the hind money to pay for his ox�察 �and so riding on
comes to a lodge that Nicolette has built with blossoms and boughs。 And
Aucassin crept in and looked through a gap in the fragrant walls of the
lodge�察�and saw the stars in heaven�察�and one that was brighter than the rest。
Does one not feel it�察�the cool of that old summer night�察�the sweet smell
of broken boughs and trodden grass and deep dew�察�and the shining of the
star�拭�
;Star that I from far behold That the moon draws to her fold�察�
Nicolette with thee doth dwell�察�My sweet love with locks of gold�察─�
sings Aucassin。 ;And when Nicolette heard Aucassin�察�right