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letters on literature(購噐猟僥)-及10何蛍

弌傍�� letters on literature(購噐猟僥) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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write an essay on the grammar�察�nor would you read it if I did。                   The chief 

thing is that ;s; appears as the sign of the singular�察�instead of being  the 

sign of the plural�察�and the nouns have cases。 

     The story must be as old as the end of the twelfth century�察�and must 

have   received   its   present   form   in   Picardy。   It   is   written�察  �as   you   see�察  �in 

alternate snatches of verse and prose。             The verse�察�which was chanted�察�is 

not   rhymed   as   a   rule�察  �but   each   laisse�察  �or   screed�察  �as   in   the   ;Chanson   de 

Roland�察─�runs on the same final assonance�察�or vowel sound throughout。 

     So much   for the   form。       Who is   the author�拭       �We   do not   know�察 �and 

never shall know。        Apparently he mentions himself in the first lines�此�

       ;Who would listen to the lay�察�Of the captive old and gray�察─�

       for this is as much sense as one can make out of del deport du viel 

caitif。 

     The author�察�then�察�was an old fellow。            I think we might learn as much 

from   the   story。    An   old   man   he   was�察  �or   a   man   who   felt   old。 Do   you 

know   whom   he   reminds   me   of�拭        �Why�察  �of   Mr。   Bowes�察  �of   the   Theatre 

Royal�察  �Chatteris�察  �of   Mr。   Bowes�察  �that   battered�察  �old�察  �kindly   sentimentalist 

who told his tale with Mr。 Arthur Pendennis。 

     It is a love story�察�a story of love overmastering�察�without conscience or 

care of aught but the beloved。           And the viel caitif tells it with sympathy�察�

and with a smile。        ;Oh�察�folly of fondness�察─�he seems to cry�察 �oh�察�pretty 

fever and foolish�察�oh�察�absurd happy days of desolation�此�

       ;When I was young�察�as you are young�察�And lutes were touched�察�and 

songs were sung� �And love´lamps in the windows hung� ─�



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        It is the very tone of Thackeray�察�when Thackeray is tender�察�and the 

world heard it first from this elderly nameless minstrel�察�strolling with his 

viol and his singing boys�察�a blameless D'Assoucy�察�from castle to castle in 

the   happy   poplar   land。       I   think   I   see   him   and   hear   him   in   the   silver 

twilight�察�in the court of some chateau of Picardy�察�while the ladies around 

sit listening on silken cushions�察�and their lovers�察�fettered with silver chains�察�

lie at their feet。 They listen�察�and look�察�and do not think of the minstrel with 

his gray head�察�and his green heart�察�but we think of him。                   It is an old man's 

work�察�and a weary man's work。                You can easily tell the places where he 

has lingered and been pleased as he wrote。 

     The     story   is   simple    enough。      Aucassin�察      �son   of   Count     Garin�察   �of 

Beaucaire�察�loved so well fair Nicolette�察�the captive girl from an unknown 

land�察�that he would never be dubbed knight�察�nor follow tourneys�察�nor even 

fight    against    his  father's    mortal    foe�察  �Count    Bougars      de   Valence。     So 

Nicolette   was   imprisoned   high   in   a   painted   chamber。            But   the   enemy 

were storming the   town�察�and�察 �for the promise of   ;one word   or two   with 

Nicolette�察  �and   one   kiss�察─  �Aucassin   armed   himself   and   led   out   his   men。 

But   he   was   all   adream   about   Nicolette�察  �and   his   horse   bore   him  into   the 

press of foes ere he knew it。             Then he heard them contriving his death�察�

and woke out of his dream。 

     ;The   damoiseau   was   tall   and   strong�察  �and   the   horse   whereon   he   sat 

fierce and great�察�and Aucassin laid hand to sword�察�and fell a´ smiting to 

right    and   left�察 �and    smote    through     helm    and    headpiece�察     �and   arm    and 

shoulder�察�making a murder about him�察�like a wild boar the hounds fall on 

in   the   forest。   There   slew   he   ten   knights�察  �and   smote   down   seven�察  �and 

mightily   and   knightly   he   hurled   through   the   press�察  �and   charged   home 

again�察    �sword     in  hand。;      For    that   hour    Aucassin      struck   like   one    of 

Mallory's   men   in   the   best   of   all   romances。      But   though   he   took   Count 

Bougars prisoner�察�his father would not keep his word�察�nor let him have one 

word or two with Nicolette�察�and one kiss。 Nay�察�Aucassin was thrown into 

prison in an old tower。         There he sang of Nicolette�察�

        ;Was   it   not   the   other   day   That   a   pilgrim   came   this   way�拭  �And   a 

passion   him   possessed�察  �That   upon   his   bed   he   lay�察  �Lay�察  �and   tossed�察  �and 

knew   no      rest�察  �In  his   pain  discomforted。   But       thou   camest   by   his    bed�察�



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Holding high thine amice fine And thy kirtle of ermine。 Then the beauty 

that is thine Did he look on�察�and it fell That the Pilgrim straight was well�察�

Straight was hale and comforted。 And he rose up from his bed�察�And went 

back to his own place Sound and strong�察�and fair of face。; 

       Thus Aucassin makes a Legend of his lady�察�as it were�察�assigning to 

her beauty such miracles as faith attributes to the excellence of the saints。 

     Meanwhile�察       �Nicolette    had   slipped    from   the    window      of  her   prison 

chamber�察�and let herself down into the garden�察�where she heard the song of 

the  nightingales。       ;Then   caught   she   up   her   kirtle   in   both   hands�察  �behind 

and before�察�and flitted over the dew that lay deep on the grass�察�and fled out 

of the garden�察�and the daisy flowers bending below her tread seemed dark 

against   her   feet�察  �so   white   was   the   maiden。;    Can't   you   see   her   stealing 

with those ;feet of ivory�察─�like Bombyca's�察�down the dark side of the silent 

moonlit streets of Beaucaire�拭�

     Then   she   came   where   Aucassin   was   lamenting   in   his   cell�察  �and   she 

whispered to him how she was fleeing for her life。                  And he answered that 

without her he must die�察�and then this foolish pair�察�in the very mouth of 

peril�察�must needs begin a war of words as to which loved the other best� �

     ;Nay�察�fair sweet friend�察─�saith Aucassin�察 �it may not be that thou lovest 

me   more   than   I   love   thee。     Woman   may   not   love   man   as   man   loves 

woman�察�for a woman's love lies no deeper than in the glance of her eye�察�

and the blossom of her breast�察�and her foot's tip´toe�察�but man's love is in 

his heart planted�察�whence never can it issue forth and pass away。; 

     So while they speak 

       ;In debate as birds are�察�Hawk on bough�察─�

       comes   the   kind   sentinel   to   warn   them  of   a   danger。    And   Nicolette 

flees�察�and leaps into the fosse�察�and thence escapes into a great forest and 

lonely。     In   the   morning   she   met   shepherds   merry   over   their   meat�察  �and 

bade them tell Aucassin to hunt in that forest�察�where he should find a deer 

whereof   one   glance   would   cure   him  of   his   malady。         The   shepherds   are 

happy�察    �laughing      people�察   �who     half   mock     Nicolette�察    �and   quite    mock 

Aucassin�察�when he comes that way。                But at first they took Nicolette for a 

fee�察  �such   a   beauty   shone   so   brightly   from   her�察  �and   lit   up   all   the   forest。 

Aucassin   they   banter�察  �and   indeed   the   free   talk   of   the   peasants   to   their 



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lord's   son   in   that   feudal   age   sounds   curiously�察  �and   may   well   make   us 

reconsider our notions of early feudalism。 

     But Aucassin learns at least that Nicolette is in the wood�察�and he rides 

at adventure after her�察�till the thorns have ruined his silken surcoat�察�and the 

blood�察�dripping from his torn body�察�makes a visible track in the grass。                     So�察�

as he wept�察�he met a monstrous man of the wood�察�that asked him why he 

lamented。       And he said he was sorrowing for a lily´white hound that he 

had   lost。    Then   the   wild   man   mocked him�察  �and   told   his   own   tale。       He 

was in   that estate   which Achilles�察 �among   the ghosts�察 �preferred to   all the 

kingship of the dead outworn。 He was hind and hireling to a villein�察�and he 

had lost one of the villein's oxen。           For that he dared not go into the town�察�

where a prison awaited him。              Moreover�察�they had dragged the very  bed 

from under his old mother�察�to pay the price of the ox�察�and she lay on straw�察�

and at that the woodman wept。 

     A  curious   touch�察  �is   it   not�察  �of   pity   for   the   people�拭�The   old   poet   is 

serious for one moment。            ;Compare�察─�he says�察 �the sorrows of sentiment�察�

of ladies and lovers�察�praised in song�察�with the sorrows of the poor�察 �with 

troubles   that   are   real   and   not   of   the   heart� ─  �Even Aucassin   the   lovelorn 

feels   it�察  �and   gives   the   hind   money   to   pay   for   his   ox�察  �and   so   riding   on 

comes to a lodge that Nicolette has built with blossoms and boughs。                       And 

Aucassin   crept   in   and   looked   through   a   gap   in   the   fragrant   walls   of   the 

lodge�察�and saw the stars in heaven�察�and one that was brighter than the rest。 

     Does one not feel it�察�the cool of that old summer night�察�the sweet smell 

of broken boughs and trodden grass and deep dew�察�and the shining of the 

star�拭�

       ;Star    that  I  from    far  behold     That   the   moon     draws     to  her   fold�察�

Nicolette with thee doth dwell�察�My sweet love with locks of gold�察─�

       sings Aucassin。       ;And when Nicolette heard Aucassin�察�right 

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