letters on literature(購噐猟僥)-及15何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
rather he has his own certainties。 About our friends' work we need have no
such misgivings。 And our self´love is more delicately caressed by the
success of our friends than by our own。 It is still self´love�察 �but it is
filtered�察�so to speak�察�through our affection for another。
What are human motives�察 �according to Rochefoucauld�拭�
Temperament�察 �vanity�察 �fear�察 �indolence�察 �self´love�察 �and a grain of natural
perversity�察 �which somehow delights in evil for itself。 He neglects that
other element�察�a grain of natural worth�察�which somehow delights in good
for itself。 This taste�察�I think�察�is quite as innate�察�and as active in us�察�as that
other taste for evil which causes there to be something not wholly
displeasing in the misfortunes of our friends。
There is a story which always appears to me a touching proof of this
grain of goodness�察 �as involuntary�察 �as fatal as its opposite。 I do not
remember in what book of travels I found this trait of native excellence。
The black fellows of Australia are very fond of sugar�察�and no wonder�察�if it
be true that it has on them an intoxicating effect。 Well�察�a certain black
fellow had a small parcel of brown sugar which was pilfered from his lair
in the camp。 He detected the thief�察�who was condemned to be punished
according to tribal law�察�that is to say�察�the injured man was allowed to have
a whack at his enemy's head with a waddy�察 �a short club of heavy hard
wood。 The whack was duly given�察�and then the black who had suffered
the loss threw down his club�察 �burst into tears�察 �embraced the thief and
displayed every sign of a lively regret for his revenge。
That seems to me an example of the human touch that Rochefoucauld
never allows for�察 �the natural goodness�察 �pity�察 �kindness�察 �which can assert
itself in contempt of the love of self�察�and the love of revenge。 This is that
true clemency which is a real virtue�察 �and not ;the child of Vanity�察 �Fear�察�
Indolence�察 �or of all three together。; Nor is it so true that ;we have all
fortitude enough to endure the misfortunes of others。; Everybody has
witnessed another's grief that came as near him as his own。
How much more true�察�and how greatly poetical is that famous maxim�此�
;Death and the Sun are two things not to be looked on with a steady eye。;
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This version is from the earliest English translation of 1698。 The
Maximes were first published in Paris in 1665。 ��8�� ;Our tardy apish
nation; took thirty´three years in finding them out and appropriating them。
This�察 �too�察 �is good�此 �If we were faultless�察 �we would observe with less
pleasure the faults of others。; Indeed�察�to observe these with pleasure is
not the least of our faults。 Again�察 �We are never so happy�察 �nor so
wretched�察�as we suppose。; It is our vanity�察�perhaps�察�that makes us think
ourselves miserrimi。
Do you rememberno�察 �you don'tthat meeting in ;Candide; of the
unfortunate Cunegonde and the still more unfortunate old lady who was
the daughter of a Pope�拭 �You lament your fate�察─�said the old lady�察 �alas�察�
you have known no such sorrows as mine� ─ �What� �my good woman� ─�
says Cunegonde。 ;Unless you have been maltreated by two Bulgarians�察�
received two stabs from a knife�察�had two of your castles burned over your
head�察�seen two fathers and two mothers murdered before your eyes�察�and
two of your lovers flogged at two autos´da´fe�察�I don't fancy that you can
have the advantage of me。 Besides�察�I was born a baroness of seventy´two
quarterings�察�and I have been a cook。; But the daughter of a Pope had�察�
indeed�察�been still more unlucky�察�as she proved�察�than Cunegonde�察�and the
old lady was not a little proud of it。
But can you call this true�此 �There is nobody but is ashamed of having
loved when once he loves no longer;�拭 �If it be true at all�察�I don't think the
love was much worth having or giving。 If one really loves once�察�one can
never be ashamed of it�察�for we never cease to love。 However�察�this is the
very high water of sentiment�察�you will say�察�but I blush no more for it than
M。 le Duc de Rochefoucauld for his own opinion。 Perhaps I am thinking
of that kind of love about which he says�此 �True love is like ghosts�察�which
everybody talks about and few have seen。; ;Many be the thyrsus´bearers�察�
few the Mystics�察─�as the Greek proverb runs。 ;Many are called�察�few are
chosen。;
As to friendship being ;a reciprocity of interests�察─�the saying is but one
of those which Rochefoucauld's vanity imposed on his wit。 Very witty it is
not�察 �and it is emphatically untrue。 ;Old men console themselves by
giving good advice for being no longer able to set bad examples。;
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Capital�察�but the poor old men are often good examples of the results of not
taking their own good advice。 ;Many an ingrate is less to blame than his
benefactor。; One might add�察 �at least I will�察 �Every man who looks for
gratitude deserves to get none of it。; ;To say that one never flirtsis
flirting。; I rather like the old translator's version of ;Il y a de bons
mariages�察 �mais il n'y en a point de delicieux;;Marriage is sometimes
convenient�察�but never delightful。;
How true is this of authors with a brief popularity�此 �Il y a des gens
qui ressemblent aux vaudevilles�察 �qu'on ne chante qu'un certain temps。;
Again�察 �to be in haste to repay a kindness is a sort of ingratitude�察─�and a
rather insulting sort too。 ;Almost everybody likes to repay small favours�察�
many people can be grateful for favours not too weighty�察�but for favours
truly great there is scarce anything but ingratitude。; They must have
been small favours that Wordsworth had conferred when ;the gratitude of
men had oftener left him mourning。; Indeed�察�the very pettiness of the aid
we can generally render each other�察�makes gratitude the touching thing it
is。 So much is repaid for so little�察�and few can ever have the chance of
incurring the thanklessness that Rochefoucauld found all but universal。
;Lovers and ladies never bore each other�察�because they never speak of
anything but themselves。; Do husbands and wives often bore each other
for the same reason�拭 �Who said�此 �To know all is to forgive all;�拭 �It is
rather like ;On pardonne tant que l'on aime;;As long as we love we can
forgive�察─ �a comfortable saying�察 �and these are rare in Rochefoucauld。
;Women do not quite know what flirts they are; is also�察�let us hope�察�not
incorrect。 The maxim that ;There is a love so excessive that it kills
jealousy; is only a corollary from ;as long as we love�察�we forgive。; You
remember the classical example�察 �Manon Lescaut and the Chevalier des
Grieux�察�not an honourable precedent。
;The accent of our own country dwells in our hearts as well as on our
tongues。; Ah� �never may I lose the Border accent� �Love's Miracle� �
To cure a coquette。; ;Most honest women are tired of their task�察─�says
this unbeliever。 And the others�拭 �Are they never aweary�拭 �The Duke is
his own best critic after all�察 �when he says�此 �The greatest fault of a
penetrating wit is going beyond the mark。; Beyond the mark he frequently
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goes�察�but not when he says that we come as fresh hands to each new epoch
of life�察�and often want experience for all our years。 How hard it was to
begin to be middle´aged� �Shall we find old age easier if ever we come to
its threshold�拭 �Perhaps�察�and Death perhaps the easiest of all。 Nor let me
forget�察 �it will be long before you have occasion to remember�察 �that
;vivacity which grows with age is not far from folly。;
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OF VERS DE SOCIETE
To Mr。 Gifted Hopkins。
My Dear Hopkins��The verses which you have sent me�察�with a request
;to get published in some magazine�察─ �I now return to you。 If you are
anxious that they should be published�察�send them to an editor yourself。 If
he likes them he will accept them from you。 If he does not like them�察�
why should he like them because they are forwarded by me�拭 �His only
motive would be an aversion to disobliging a confrere�察�and why should I
put him in such an unpleasant position�拭�
But this is a very boorish way of thanking you for the premiere
representation of your little poem。 ;To Delia in Girt