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rather he has his own certainties。 About our friends' work we need have no 

such   misgivings。        And   our   self´love   is   more   delicately   caressed   by   the 

success   of   our   friends   than   by   our   own。      It   is   still   self´love�察  �but   it   is 

filtered�察�so to speak�察�through our affection for another。 

     What        are     human        motives�察      �according        to     Rochefoucauld�拭�

Temperament�察  �vanity�察  �fear�察  �indolence�察  �self´love�察  �and   a   grain   of   natural 

perversity�察  �which   somehow   delights   in   evil   for   itself。       He   neglects   that 

other element�察�a grain of natural worth�察�which somehow delights in good 

for itself。    This taste�察�I think�察�is quite as innate�察�and as active in us�察�as that 

other     taste  for   evil   which     causes    there   to   be   something      not   wholly 

displeasing in the misfortunes of our friends。 

     There is a story which always appears to me a touching proof of this 

grain    of   goodness�察    �as   involuntary�察    �as  fatal   as  its  opposite。     I   do   not 

remember in what book of travels I found this trait of native excellence。 

The black fellows of Australia are very fond of sugar�察�and no wonder�察�if it 

be true that it has on them an intoxicating effect。                  Well�察�a certain black 

fellow had a small parcel of brown sugar which was pilfered from his lair 

in the camp。        He detected the thief�察�who was condemned to be punished 

according to tribal law�察�that is to say�察�the injured man was allowed to have 

a   whack   at   his   enemy's   head   with   a   waddy�察  �a   short   club   of   heavy   hard 

wood。      The whack was duly given�察�and then the black who had suffered 

the   loss   threw   down   his   club�察  �burst   into   tears�察  �embraced   the   thief   and 

displayed every sign of a lively regret for his revenge。 

     That seems to me an example of the human touch that Rochefoucauld 

never   allows   for�察  �the   natural   goodness�察  �pity�察  �kindness�察  �which   can   assert 

itself in contempt of the love of self�察�and the love of revenge。                  This is that 

true   clemency  which   is   a   real   virtue�察  �and   not   ;the   child   of Vanity�察  �Fear�察�

Indolence�察  �or   of   all   three   together。;   Nor   is   it   so   true   that   ;we   have   all 

fortitude   enough   to   endure   the   misfortunes   of   others。;         Everybody   has 

witnessed another's grief that came as near him as his own。 

     How much more true�察�and how greatly poetical is that famous maxim�此�

;Death and the Sun are two things not to be looked on with a steady eye。; 



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This    version    is  from    the  earliest   English    translation    of  1698。     The 

Maximes   were   first   published   in   Paris   in   1665。   ��8��    ;Our   tardy   apish 

nation; took thirty´three years in finding them out and appropriating them。 

This�察  �too�察  �is   good�此  �If   we   were   faultless�察  �we   would   observe   with   less 

pleasure the faults of others。;         Indeed�察�to observe these with pleasure is 

not    the  least  of  our   faults。   Again�察     �We   are   never   so  happy�察   �nor   so 

wretched�察�as we suppose。;           It is our vanity�察�perhaps�察�that makes us think 

ourselves miserrimi。 

     Do   you   rememberno�察  �you   don'tthat   meeting   in   ;Candide;   of   the 

unfortunate Cunegonde and the still   more unfortunate old lady who   was 

the daughter of a Pope�拭         �You lament your fate�察─�said the old lady�察 �alas�察�

you have known no such sorrows as mine� ─                  �What� �my good woman� ─�

says Cunegonde。         ;Unless you have been maltreated by two Bulgarians�察�

received two stabs from a knife�察�had two of your castles burned over your 

head�察�seen two fathers and two mothers murdered before your eyes�察�and 

two of your lovers flogged at two autos´da´fe�察�I don't fancy that you can 

have the advantage of me。 Besides�察�I was born a baroness of seventy´two 

quarterings�察�and   I have been a   cook。;          But the   daughter of a   Pope had�察�

indeed�察�been still more unlucky�察�as she proved�察�than Cunegonde�察�and the 

old lady was not a little proud of it。 

     But can you call this true�此       �There is nobody but is ashamed of having 

loved when once he loves no longer;�拭             �If it be true at all�察�I don't think the 

love was much worth having or giving。               If one really loves once�察�one can 

never be ashamed of it�察�for we never cease to love。                However�察�this is the 

very high water of sentiment�察�you will say�察�but I blush no more for it than 

M。 le Duc de Rochefoucauld for his own opinion。                 Perhaps I am thinking 

of that kind of love about which he says�此            �True love is like ghosts�察�which 

everybody talks about and few have seen。;              ;Many be the thyrsus´bearers�察�

few the Mystics�察─�as the Greek proverb runs。               ;Many are called�察�few are 

chosen。; 

     As to friendship being ;a reciprocity of interests�察─�the saying is but one 

of those which Rochefoucauld's vanity imposed on his wit。 Very witty it is 

not�察  �and   it  is  emphatically   untrue。     ;Old     men   console    themselves      by 

giving     good    advice   for   being   no   longer    able   to  set  bad   examples。; 



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Capital�察�but the poor old men are often good examples of the results of not 

taking their own good advice。            ;Many an ingrate is less to blame than his 

benefactor。;      One   might   add�察  �at   least   I   will�察   �Every  man   who   looks   for 

gratitude   deserves   to   get   none   of   it。;  ;To   say   that   one   never   flirtsis 

flirting。;    I   rather   like   the   old   translator's   version   of   ;Il   y   a   de   bons 

mariages�察  �mais   il   n'y   en   a   point   de   delicieux;;Marriage   is   sometimes 

convenient�察�but never delightful。; 

     How true is this of authors with a brief popularity�此                 �Il y a des gens 

qui   ressemblent   aux   vaudevilles�察  �qu'on   ne   chante   qu'un   certain   temps。; 

Again�察 �to be in haste to repay a kindness is a sort of ingratitude�察─�and a 

rather insulting sort too。       ;Almost everybody likes to repay small favours�察�

many people can be grateful for favours not too weighty�察�but for favours 

truly   great   there   is   scarce   anything   but   ingratitude。;     They   must   have 

been small favours that Wordsworth had conferred when ;the gratitude of 

men had oftener left him mourning。;              Indeed�察�the very pettiness of the aid 

we can generally render each other�察�makes gratitude the touching thing it 

is。   So much is repaid for so little�察�and few can ever have the chance of 

incurring the thanklessness that Rochefoucauld found all but universal。 

     ;Lovers and ladies never bore each other�察�because they never speak of 

anything but themselves。;           Do husbands and wives often bore each other 

for the same reason�拭         �Who said�此       �To know all is to forgive all;�拭          �It is 

rather like ;On pardonne tant que l'on aime;;As long as we love we can 

forgive�察─    �a  comfortable      saying�察   �and   these   are   rare  in  Rochefoucauld。 

;Women do not quite know what flirts they are; is also�察�let us hope�察�not 

incorrect。      The   maxim   that   ;There   is   a   love   so   excessive   that   it   kills 

jealousy; is only a corollary from ;as long as we love�察�we forgive。;                    You 

remember   the   classical   example�察  �Manon   Lescaut   and   the   Chevalier   des 

Grieux�察�not an honourable precedent。 

     ;The accent of our own country dwells in our hearts as well as on our 

tongues。;       Ah�   �never   may   I   lose   the   Border   accent�    �Love's   Miracle� �

To cure a coquette。;          ;Most honest women are tired of their task�察─�says 

this unbeliever。      And the others�拭       �Are they never aweary�拭          �The Duke is 

his    own    best  critic  after   all�察 �when    he   says�此  �The    greatest    fault  of  a 

penetrating wit is going beyond the mark。; Beyond the mark he frequently 



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goes�察�but not when he says that we come as fresh hands to each new epoch 

of life�察�and often want experience for all our years。                How hard it was to 

begin to be middle´aged�           �Shall we find old age easier if ever we come to 

its threshold�拭     �Perhaps�察�and Death perhaps the easiest of all。              Nor let me 

forget�察   �it  will   be  long    before    you   have    occasion     to  remember�察     �that 

;vivacity which grows with age is not far from folly。; 



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                   OF VERS DE SOCIETE 



     To Mr。 Gifted Hopkins。 

     My Dear Hopkins��The verses which you have sent me�察�with a request 

;to   get   published   in   some   magazine�察─  �I   now   return   to   you。    If   you   are 

anxious that they should be published�察�send them to an editor yourself。                     If 

he   likes them  he   will   accept   them  from  you。       If   he   does not   like   them�察�

why should   he like them because they are   forwarded by  me�拭                    �His   only 

motive would be an aversion to disobliging a confrere�察�and why should I 

put him in such an unpleasant position�拭�

     But    this  is  a  very   boorish    way   of   thanking     you   for  the   premiere 

representation      of   your   little  poem。    ;To    Delia    in  Girt

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

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