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across   the   bay   to   the   sunset�察  �while   some   one   repeated   ;Two   Red   Roses 

across the Moon。;        And I remember thinking that the poem was nonsense。 

With   Mr。   Morris's   other   early   verses�察   �The   Defence   of   Guinevere�察─  �this 

song   of   the   moon   and   the   roses   was   published   in   1858。  Probably   the 

little book won no attention�察�it is not popular even now。                 Yet the lyrics 



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remain in memories which forget all but a general impression of the vast 

;Earthly Paradise�察─�that huge decorative poem�察�in which slim maidens and 

green´clad      men�察   �and   waters    wan�察  �and   flowering     apple    trees�察 �and   rich 

palaces are all mingled as on some long ancient tapestry�察�shaken a little by 

the    wind   of   death。    They     are  not   living   and   breathing     people�察  �these 

persons of the fables�察�they are but shadows�察�beautiful and faint�察�and their 

poem is fit reading for sleepy summer afternoons。                  But the characters in 

the lyrics in ;The Defence of Guinevere; are people of flesh and blood�察�

under     their  chain    armour    and   their   velvet�察  �and   the   trappings    of  their 

tabards。 

     There   is   no   book   in   the   world   quite   like   this   of   Mr。   Morris's   old 

Oxford days when the spirit of the Middle Ages entered into him�察�with all 

its contradictions of faith and doubt�察�and its earnest desire to enjoy this life 

to the full in war and love�察�or to make certain of a future in which war is 

not�察�and all love is pure heavenly。           If one were to choose favourites from 

;The   Defence   of   Guinevere�察─  �they   would   be   the   ballads   of   ;Shameful 

Death�察─�and of ;The Sailing of the Sword�察─�and ;The Wind�察─�which has the 

wind's wail in its voice�察�and all the mad regret of ;Porphyria's Lover; in its 

burden。 

     The   use   of   ;colour´words�察─  �in   all   these   pieces�察  �is   very   curious   and 

happy。      The   red   ruby�察  �the   brown   falcon�察  �the   white   maids�察   �the   scarlet 

roofs of the good town�察─�in ;The Sailing of the Sword�察─�make the poem a 

vivid picture。      Then look at the mad�察�remorseful sea´ rover�察�the slayer of 

his lady�察�in ;The Wind;�此�

       ;For my chair is heavy and carved�察�and with sweeping green behind 

It is hung�察�and the dragons thereon grin out in the gusts of the wind�察�On its 

folds an orange lies with a deep gash cut in the rind�察�If I move my chair it 

will   scream�察  �and   the   orange   will   roll   out   far�察�And   the   faint   yellow   juice 

ooze out like blood from a wizard's jar�察�And the dogs will howl for those 

who went last month the war。; 

       ;The   Blue   Closet�察─    �which   is   said   to  have   been    written   for  some 

drawings of   Mr。 Rossetti�察 �is   also a  masterpiece  in this   romantic   manner。 

Our brief English age of romanticism�察�our 1830�察�was 1856´ 60�察�when Mr。 

Morris�察    �Mr。    Burne     Jones�察  �and    Mr。   Swinburne       were    undergraduates。 



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Perhaps   it   wants   a   peculiar   turn   of   taste   to   admire   these   strange   things�察�

though ;The Haystack in the Floods�察─�with its tragedy�察�must surely appeal 

to all who read poetry。 

     For the rest�察�as time goes on�察�I more and more feel as if Mr。 Morris's 

long later poems�察 �The Earthly Paradise; especially�察�were less art than ;art 

manufacture。;        This     may    be   an   ungrateful    and    erroneous     sentiment。 

;The Earthly Paradise�察─�and still more certainly ;Jason�察─�are full of such 

pleasure as only poetry can give。             As some one said of a contemporary 

politician�察�they are ;good�察�but copious。;             Even from narrative poetry Mr。 

Morris   has   long     abstained。     He�察  �too�察  �illustrates   Mr。   Matthew   Arnold's 

parable of ;The Progress of Poetry。; 

       ;The Mount is mute�察�the channel dry。; 

       Euripides   has   been   called   ;the   meteoric   poet�察─  �and   the   same   title 

seems   very   appropriate   to   Mr。   Swinburne。          Probably   few   readers      had 

heard his nameI only knew it as that of the author of a strange mediaeval 

tale   in  prosewhen       he   published     ;Atalanta    in  Calydon;      in  1865。     I 

remember taking up the quarto in white cloth�察�at the Oxford Union�察�and 

being instantly led captive by the beauty and originality of the verse。 

     There   was   this   novel   ;meteoric;   character   in   the   poem�此     �the   writer 

seemed   to   rejoice   in   snow   and   fire�察 �and   stars�察  �and   storm�察  �the   blue   cold 

fields and folds of air�察─�in all the primitive forces which were alive before 

this earth was�察�the naked vast powers that circle the planets and farthest 

constellations。       This quality�察�and his varied and sonorous verse�察�and his 

pessimism�察  �put   into   the   mouth   of   a   Greek   chorus�察  �were   the   things   that 

struck     one   most    in  Mr。   Swinburne。       He    was�察   �above    all�察  �a  mighty´ 

mouthed   inventer   of   harmonies�察─  �and   one   looked   eagerly   for   his   next 

poems。      They came with disappointment and trouble。 

     The   famous   ;Poems   and   Ballads;   have   become   so   well   known   that 

people can hardly understand the noise they made。                  I don't wonder at the 

scandal�察�even now。         I don't see the fun of several of the pieces�察�except the 

mischievous fun of shocking your audience。                 However�察 �The Leper; and 

his company are chiefly boyish�察�in the least favourable sense of the word。 

They do not destroy the imperishable merit of the ;Hymn to Proserpine; 

and the ;Garden of Proserpine; and the ;Triumph of Time; and ;Itylus。; 



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     Many   years   have   passed   since   1866�察  �and   yet   one's   old   opinion�察  �that 

English   poetry   contains   no   verbal   music   more   original�察  �sonorous�察  �and 

sweet   than   Mr。   Swinburne   wrote   in   these   pieces   when   still   very   young�察�

remains   an opinion   unshaken。           Twenty  years   ago�察  �then�察 �he had   enabled 

the world to take his measure�察�he had given proofs of a true poet�察�he was 

learned   too   in   literature   as   few   poets   have   been   since   Milton�察  �and�察  �like 

Milton�察�skilled to make verse in the languages of the ancient world and in 

modern      tongues。      His    French    songs    and    Greek    elegiacs    are   of  great 

excellence�察�probably no scholar who was not also a poet could match his 

Greek lines on Landor。 

     What�察�then�察�is lacking to make Mr。 Swinburne a poet of a rank even 

higher than that which he occupies�拭              �Who can tell�拭       �There is no science 

that    can    master    this   chemistry      of   the   brain。    He     is  too    copious。 

;Bothwell;   is   long   enough   for   six   plays�察  �and   ;Tristram   of   Lyonesse;   is 

prolix beyond even mediaeval narrative。                He is too pertinacious�察�children 

are    the   joy  of   the   world    and   Victor    Hugo     is  a  great   poet�察  �but   Mr。 

Swinburne        almost    makes     us   excuse    Herod     and   Napoleon      III。  by   his 

endless odes to Hugo�察�and rondels to small boys and girls。                   Ne quid nimis�察�

that is the golden rule which he constantly spurns�察�being too luxuriant�察�too 

emphatic�察�and as fond of repeating himself as Professor Freeman。                         Such 

are the defects of so noble a genius�察�thus perverse Nature has decided that 

it shall be�察�Nature which makes no ruby without a flaw。 

     The name of Mr。 Robert Bridges is probably strange to many lovers of 

poetry who would like nothing better than to make acquaintance with his 

verse。     But his verse   is not so easily found。            This poet   never writes in 

magazines�察  �his   books   have   not   appealed   to   the   public   by   any   sort   of 

advertisement�察�only two or three of them have come forth in the regular 

way。     The first was ;Poems�察�by Robert Bridges�察�Batchelor of Arts in the 

University      of   Oxford。      Parva     seges    satis   est。   London�此      �Pickering�察�

1873。; 

     This   volume   was   presently�察  �I   fancy�察  �withdrawn�察  �and   the   author   has 

distributed     some     portions    of  it  in  succeeding      pamphlets�察    �or   in  books 

printed   at   Mr。   Daniel's   private   press   in   Oxford。    In   these�察  �as   in   all   Mr。 

Bridges's poems�察�there is a certain austere and indifferent beauty of diction 



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and a memory of the old English poets�察�Milton and the earlier lyrists。                         I 

remember being greatly pleased   with the ;Elegy on   a Lady whom  Grief 

for the Death of Her Betrothed Killed。; 

       ;Let the priests go before�察�arrayed in white�察�And let the dark´stoled 

minstrels follow slow Next they that bear her�察�honoured on this night�察�And 

then the maidens in a double row�察�Each singing soft and low�察�And each on 

high   a   torch   upstaying�此  �Unto   her   lover   lead   her   forth   with   light�察  �With 

music and with singing�察�and with praying。; 

       This is a stately stanza。 

     In   his   first   volume   Mr。   Bridges   offered   a   few   rondeaux   and   triolets�察�

turning   his   back   on   all   these   things   as   soon   as   they   became   popular。   In 

spite   of   their   popularity   I   have   the   audacity   to  

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