letters on literature(購噐猟僥)-及6何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
and far behind�察�in his poetry�察�or�察�if it is not there�察�his poetry stirs it in our
forsaken lodges of the past。 Yes�察�it comes to one out of one's boyhood�察�it
breathes of a world very vaguely realizeda world of imitative sentiments
and forebodings of hours to come。 Perhaps Longfellow first woke me to
that later sense of what poetry means�察�which comes with early manhood。
Before�察�one had been content�察�I am still content�察�with Scott in his battle
pieces�察 �with the ballads of the Border。 Longfellow had a touch of
reflection you do not find�察�of course�察�in battle poems�察�in a boy's favourites�察�
such as ;Of Nelson and the North�察─�or ;Ye Mariners of England。;
His moral reflections may seem obvious now�察 �and trite�察 �they were
neither when one was fifteen。 To read the ;Voices of the Night�察─ �in
particularthose early piecesis to be back at school again�察�on a Sunday�察�
reading all alone on a summer's day�察 �high in some tree�察 �with a wide
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prospect of gardens and fields。
There is that mysterious note in the tone and measure which one first
found in Longfellow�察 �which has since reached our ears more richly and
fully in Keats�察�in Coleridge�察�in Tennyson。 Take�察�for example�察�
;The welcome�察�the thrice prayed for�察�the most fair�察�The best´beloved
Night� ─�
Is not that version of Euripides exquisitedoes it not seem exquisite
still�察 �though this is not the quality you expect chiefly from Longfellow�察�
though you rather look to him for honest human matter than for an
indefinable beauty of manner�拭�
I believe it is the manner�察 �after all�察 �of the ;Psalm of Life; that has
made it so strangely popular。 People tell us�察�excellent people�察�that it is
;as good as a sermon�察─�that they value it for this reason�察�that its lesson has
strengthened the hearts of men in our difficult life。 They say so�察�and they
think so�此 �but the poem is not nearly as good as a sermon�察�it is not even
coherent。 But it really has an original cadence of its own�察�with its double
rhymes�察�and the pleasure of this cadence has combined�察�with a belief that
they are being edified�察 �to make readers out of number consider the
;Psalms of Life; a masterpiece。 Youmy learned prosodist and student
of Browning and Shelleywill agree with me that it is not a masterpiece。
But I doubt if you have enough of the experience brought by years to
tolerate the opposite opinion�察�as your elders can。
How many other poems of Longfellow's there are that remind us of
youth�察�and of those kind�察�vanished faces which were around us when we
read ;The Reaper and the Flowers;� �I read again�察�and�察�as the poet says�察�
;Then the forms of the departed Enter at the open door�察�The beloved�察�
the true´hearted Come to visit me once more。;
Compare that simple strain�察 �you lover of Theophile Gautier�察 �with
Theo's own ;Chateau de Souvenir; in ;Emaux et Camees�察─�and confess the
truth�察�which poet brings the break into the reader's voice�拭 �It is not the
dainty�察�accomplished Frenchman�察�the jeweller in words�察�it is the simpler
speaker of our English tongue who stirs you as a ballad moves you。 I
find one comes back to Longfellow�察�and to one's old self of the old years。
I don't know a poem ;of the affections�察─�as Sir Barnes Newcome would
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have called it�察�that I like better than Thackeray's ;Cane´bottomed Chair。;
Well�察 �The Fire of Driftwood; and this other of Longfellow's with its
absolute lack of pretence�察�its artful avoidance of art�察�is not less tender and
true。
;And she sits and gazes at me With those deep and tender eyes�察�Like
the stars�察�so still and saintlike�察�Looking downward from the skies。;
It is from the skies that they look down�察�those eyes which once read
the ;Voices of the Night; from the same book with us�察�how long ago� �So
long ago that one was half´frightened by the legend of the ;Beleaguered
City。; I know the ballad brought the scene to me so vividly that I
expected�察�any frosty night�察�to see how
;The white pavilions rose and fell On the alarmed air�察─�
and it was down the valley of Ettrick�察 �beneath the dark ;Three
Brethren's Cairn�察─ �that I half´hoped to watch when ;the troubled army
fled;fled with battered banners of mist drifting through the pines�察�down
to the Tweed and the sea。 The ;Skeleton in Armour; comes out once
more as terrific as ever�察�and the ;Wreck of the Hesperus; touches one in
the old�察�simple way after so many�察�many days of verse´reading and even
verse´writing。
In brief�察 �Longfellow's qualities are so mixed with what the reader
brings�察 �with so many kindliest associations of memory�察 �that one cannot
easily criticize him in cold blood。 Even in spite of this friendliness and
affection which Longfellow wins�察 �I can see�察 �of course�察 �that he does
moralize too much。 The first part of his lyrics is always the best�察�the part
where he is dealing directly with his subject。 Then comes the ;practical
application; as preachers say�察�and I feel now that it is sometimes uncalled
for�察�disenchanting�察�and even manufactured。
Look at his ;Endymion。; It is the earlier verses that win you�此�
;And silver white the river gleams As if Diana in her dreams Had
dropt her silver bow Upon the meadows low。;
That is as good as Ronsard�察�and very like him in manner and matter。
But the moral and consolatory application is too longtoo much dwelt on�此�
;Like Dian's kiss�察 �unasked�察 �unsought�察 �Love gives itself�察 �but is not
bought。;
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Excellent�察 �but there are four weak�察 �moralizing stanzas at the close�察�
and not only does the poet ;moralize his song�察─�but the moral is feeble�察�
and fantastic�察 �and untrue。 There are�察 �though he denies it�察 �myriads of
persons now of whom it cannot be said that
;Some heart�察�though unknown�察�Responds unto his own。;
If it were true�察�the reflection could only console a school´girl。
A poem like ;My Lost Youth; is needed to remind one of what the
author really was�察 �simple�察 �sensuous�察�passionate。; What a lovely verse
this is�察�a verse somehow inspired by the breath of Longfellow's favourite
Finnish ;Kalevala�察─ �a verse of a Lapland song�察─�like a wind over pines
and salt coasts�此�
;I remember the black wharves and the slips�察 �And the sea´tide�察�
tossing free�察�And Spanish sailors with bearded lips�察�And the beauty and the
mystery of the ships�察�And the magic of the sea。;
Thus Longfellow�察 �though not a very great magician and master of
languagenot a Keats by any meanshas often�察 �by sheer force of plain
sincerity�察 �struck exactly the right note�察 �and matched his thought with
music that haunts us and will not be forgotten�此�
;Ye open the eastern windows�察 �That look towards the sun�察 �Where
thoughts are singing swallows�察�And the brooks of morning run。;
There is a picture of Sandro Botticelli's�察 �the Virgin seated with the
Child by a hedge of roses�察�in a faint blue air�察�as of dawn in Paradise。 This
poem of Longfellow's�察 �The Children's Hour�察─ �seems�察 �like Botticelli's
painting�察�to open a door into the paradise of children�察�where their angels
do ever behold that which is hidden from menwhat no man hath seen at
any time。
Longfellow is exactly the antithesis of Poe�察�who�察�with all his science
of verse and ghostly skill�察�has no humanity�察�or puts none of it into his lines。
One is the poet of Life�察�and everyday life�察�the other is the poet of Death�察�
and of bizarre shapes of death�察�from which Heaven deliver us� �
Neither of them shows any sign of being particularly American�察�
though Longfellow�察 �in ;Evangeline; and ;Hiawatha�察─ �and the ;New
England Tragedies�察─�sought his topics in the history and traditions of the
New World。
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To me ;Hiawatha; seems by far the best of his longer efforts�察�it is quite
full of sympathy with men and women�察�nature�察�beasts�察�birds�察�weather�察�and
wind and snow。 Everything lives with a human breath�察 �as everything
should live in a poem concerned with these wild folk�察 �to whom all the
world�察�and all in it�察�is personal as themselves。 Of course there are lapses
of style in so long a piece。 It jars on us in the lay of the mystic Chibiabos�察�
the boy Persephone of the Indian Eleusinia�察�to be told that
;the gentle Chibiabos Sang in tones of deep emotion� ─�
;Tones of deep emotion; may pass in a