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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及15何蛍

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




breadth�察�the great body of the river running on the other side of this island。 

Beyond that middle branch there is also another island in the river�察�called 

Iwana�察  �which   is   twice   as   big   as   the   Isle   of   Wight�察  �and   beyond   it�察  �and 

between it and the main of Guiana�察�runneth a third branch of Orenoque�察�

called Arraroopana。 All   three   are goodly  branches�察  �and   all navigable   for 

great ships。 I judge the river in this place to be at least thirty miles broad�察�

reckoning   the   islands   which   divide   the   branches   in   it�察  �for   afterwards   I 

sought also both the other branches。 

     After we reached to the head of the island called Assapana�察�a little to 

the westward on the right hand there opened a river which came from the 

north�察  �called   Europa�察  �and   fell   into   the   great   river�察  �and   beyond   it   on   the 

same side we anchored for that night by another island�察�six miles long and 



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two miles broad�察�which they call Ocaywita。 From hence�察�in the morning�察�

we landed two Guianians�察�which we found in the town of Toparimaca�察�that 

came with us�察�who went to give notice of our coming to the lord of that 

country�察  �called   Putyma�察  �a   follower   of   Topiawari�察  �chief   lord   of Aromaia�察�

who succeeded Morequito�察�whom ��as you have heard before�� Berreo put to 

death。 But his town being far within the land�察�he came not unto us that day�察�

so   as   we   anchored   again   that   night   near   the   banks   of   another   land�察  �of 

bigness   much   like   the   other�察  �which   they   call   Putapayma�察  �over   against 

which island�察�on the main land�察�was a very high mountain called Oecope。 

We coveted to anchor rather by these islands in the river than by the main�察�

because   of   the   tortugas'   eggs�察  �which   our   people   found   on   them   in   great 

abundance�察  �and   also   because the   ground   served better   for us to   cast   our 

nets for fish�察�the main banks being for the most part stony and high and the 

rocks   of   a   blue�察  �metalline   colour�察  �like   unto   the   best   steel   ore�察  �which   I 

assuredly   take      it   to  be。  Of   the  same   blue     stone   are   also   divers   great 

mountains which border this river in many places。 

     The next morning�察�towards nine of the clock�察�we weighed anchor�察�and 

the   breeze   increasing�察  �we   sailed   always   west   up   the   river�察  �and�察  �after   a 

while�察  �opening   the   land   on   the   right   side�察  �the   country   appeared   to   be 

champaign and the banks shewed very perfect red。 I therefore sent two of 

the little barges with Captain Gifford�察�and with him Captain Thyn�察�Captain 

Caulfield�察�my cousin Greenvile�察�my nephew John Gilbert�察�Captain Eynos�察�

Master   Edward   Porter�察  �and   my   cousin   Butshead   Gorges�察  �with   some   few 

soldiers�察  �to   march   over   the   banks   of   that   red   land   and   to   discover   what 

manner of country it was on the other side�察�who at their return found it all 

a plain level as far as they went or could discern from the highest tree they 

could   get   upon。 And   my   old   pilot�察  �a   man   of   great   travel�察  �brother   to   the 

cacique      Toparimaca�察     �told   me    that  those    were    called   the   plains   of   the 

Sayma�察  �and   that   the   same   level   reached   to   Cumana   and   Caracas�察  �in   the 

West Indies�察�which are a hundred and twenty leagues to the north�察�and that 

there inhabited four principal nations。 The first were the Sayma�察�the next 

Assawai�察�the third and greatest the Wikiri�察�by whom Pedro Hernandez de 

Serpa�察  �before   mentioned�察  �was   overthrown   as   he   passed   with   300   horse 

from Cumana   towards   Orenoque in his   enterprise of   Guiana。 The   fourth 



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are called Aroras�察�and are as black as negroes�察�but have smooth hair�察�and 

these   are   very   valiant�察  �or   rather   desperate�察  �people�察  �and   have   the   most 

strong poison on their arrows�察�and most dangerous�察�of all nations�察�of which 

I will speak somewhat�察�being a digression not unnecessary。 

     There   was   nothing   whereof   I   was   more   curious   than   to   find   out   the 

true remedies of these poisoned arrows。 For besides the mortality of   the 

wound they make�察�the party shot endureth the most insufferable torment in 

the world�察�and abideth a most ugly and lamentable death�察�sometimes dying 

stark mad�察�sometimes their bowels breaking out of their bellies�察�which are 

presently  discoloured   as   black   as   pitch�察  �and   so   unsavory  as   no   man   can 

endure to cure or to attend them。 And it is more strange to know that in all 

this time   there   was   never   Spaniard�察  �either   by  gift   or torment�察  �that   could 

attain to the true knowledge of the cure�察�although they have martyred and 

put   to   invented   torture   I   know   not   how   many   of   them。   But   everyone   of 

these    Indians    know     it  not�察  �no�察 �not   one    among     thousands�察    �but   their 

soothsayers and priests�察�who do conceal it�察�and only teach it but from the 

father to the son。 

     Those medicines which are vulgar�察�and serve for the ordinary poison�察�

are   made   of   the   juice   of   a   root   called   tupara�察  �the   same   also   quencheth 

marvellously the heat of burning fevers�察�and healeth inward wounds and 

broken veins that bleed within the body。 But I was more beholding to the 

Guianians   than   any   other�察  �for Antonio   de   Berreo   told   me   that   he   could 

never attain to the knowledge thereof�察�and yet they taught me the best way 

of healing as well thereof as of all other poisons。 Some of the Spaniards 

have been cured in ordinary wounds of the common poisoned arrows with 

the juice of garlic。 But this is a general rule for all men that shall hereafter 

travel the Indies where poisoned arrows are used�察�that they must abstain 

from  drink。   For   if   they   take   any   liquor   into   their   body�察  �as   they   shall   be 

marvellously provoked thereunto by drought�察�I say�察�if they drink before the 

wound be dressed�察�or soon upon it�察�there is no way with them but present 

death。 

     And so I will return again to our journey�察�which for this third day we 

finished�察�and cast anchor again near the continent on the left hand between 

two mountains�察�the one called Aroami and the other Aio。 I made no stay 



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here but till midnight�察�for I feared hourly lest any rain should fall�察�and then 

it had been impossible to have gone any further up�察�notwithstanding that 

there is every day a very strong breeze and easterly wind。 I deferred the 

search of the country on Guiana side till my return down the river。 

     The   next   day  we   sailed   by  a   great   island   in   the   middle   of   the   river�察�

called   Manoripano�察  �and�察  �as   we   walked   awhile   on   the   island�察  �while   the 

galley got ahead of us�察�there came for us from the main a small canoa with 

seven or eight Guianians�察�to invite us to anchor at their port�察�but I deferred 

till   my   return。   It   was   that   cacique   to   whom   those   Nepoios   went�察  �which 

came   with   us   from   the   town   of   Toparimaca。   And   so   the   fifth   day   we 

reached as high up as the province of Aromaia�察�the country of Morequito�察�

whom   Berreo   executed�察  �and   anchored   to   the   west   of   an           island   called 

Murrecotima�察  �ten   miles   long   and   five   broad。 And   that   night   the   cacique 

Aramiary�察�to whose town we made our long and hungry voyage out of the 

river of Amana�察�passed by us。 

     The next day we arrived at the port of Morequito�察�and anchored there�察�

sending   away   one   of   our   pilots   to   seek   the   king   of   Aromaia�察  �uncle   to 

Morequito�察�slain   by  Berreo as   aforesaid。 The next day  following�察 �before 

noon�察�he came to us on foot from his house�察�which was fourteen English 

miles�察�himself being a hundred and ten years old�察�and returned on foot the 

same   day�察  �and   with   him   many   of   the   borderers�察  �with   many   women   and 

children�察�that came to wonder at our nation and to bring us down victual�察�

which they did in great plenty�察�as venison�察�pork�察�hens�察�chickens�察�fowl�察�fish�察�

with   divers   sorts   of   excellent   fruits   and   roots�察  �and   great   abundance   of 

pinas�察 �the   princess of   fruits that grow  under   the   sun�察 �especially  those   of 

Guiana。 They brought us�察�also�察�store of bread and of their wine�察�and a sort 

of paraquitos no bigger than wrens�察�and of all other sorts both small and 

great。   One   of   them   gave   me   a   beast   called   by   the   Spaniards   armadillo�察�

which they call cassacam�察�which seemeth to be all barred over with small 

plates   somewhat   like   to   a   rhinoceros�察  �with   a   white   horn   growing   in   his 

hinder parts as big as a great hunting´horn�察�which they use to wind instead 

of a trumpet。 Monardus ��Monardes�察�Historia Medicinal�� writeth that a little 

of the powder of that horn put into the ear cureth deafness。 

     After this old king had rested awhile in a little tent that I caused to be 



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set   up�察  �I   began   by   my   interpreter   to   discourse   with   him   of   the   death   of 

Morequito his predecessor�察�and afterward of the Spaniards�察�and ere I went 

any   farther   I   made   him   know   the   cause   of   my   coming   thither�察  �whose 

servant   I  w

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