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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及2何蛍

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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already   become   her   Majesty's   vassals�察  �and   seem   to   desire   nothing   more 

than her Majesty's protection and the return of the English nation。 It hath 

another ground and assurance of riches and glory than the voyages of the 

West   Indies�察  �an   easier   way   to   invade   the   best   parts   thereof   than   by   the 

common course。 The king of Spain is not so impoverished by taking three 

or four port towns in America as we suppose�察�neither are the riches of Peru 

or Nueva Espana so left by the sea side as it can be easily washed away 

with a great flood�察�or spring tide�察�or left dry upon the sands on a low ebb。 

The port towns are few and poor in respect of the rest within the land�察�and 

are of little defence�察�and are only rich when the fleets are to receive the 



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treasure for Spain�察�and we might think the Spaniards very simple�察�having 

so many horses and slaves�察�if they could not upon two days' warning carry 

all the gold they have into the land�察�and far enough from the reach of our 

footmen�察  �especially   the   Indies   being�察  �as   they   are   for   the   most   part�察  �so 

mountainous�察�full of woods�察�rivers�察�and marishes。 In the port towns of the 

province of Venezuela�察�as Cumana�察�Coro�察�and St。 Iago ��whereof Coro and 

St。 Iago were taken by Captain Preston�察�and Cumana and St。 Josepho by us�� 

we   found   not   the   value   of   one   real   of   plate   in   either。   But   the   cities   of 

Barquasimeta�察        �Valencia�察    �St。   Sebastian�察    �Cororo�察    �St。   Lucia�察    �Laguna�察�

Maracaiba�察      �and   Truxillo�察   �are   not  so   easily   invaded。     Neither    doth   the 

burning of those on the coast impoverish the king of Spain any one ducat�察�

and if we sack the River of Hacha�察�St。 Martha�察�and Carthagena�察�which are 

the ports of Nuevo Reyno and Popayan�察�there are besides within the land�察�

which   are   indeed   rich   and   prosperous�察  �the   towns   and   cities   of   Merida�察�

Lagrita�察�St。 Christophoro�察�the great cities of Pamplona�察�Santa Fe de Bogota�察�

Tunxa�察�and Mozo�察�where the emeralds are found�察�the towns and cities of 

Marequita�察�Velez�察 �la Villa   de   Leiva�察 �Palma�察  �Honda�察�Angostura�察 �the   great 

city   of   Timana�察  �Tocaima�察  �St。 Aguila�察  �Pasto�察  。�St。�А  �Iago�察  �the   great   city   of 

Popayan   itself�察  �Los   Remedios�察        �and   the   rest。   If  we   take   the   ports  and 

villages within the bay of Uraba in the kingdom or rivers of Darien and 

Caribana�察     �the   cities  and   towns    of   St。  Juan   de   Rodas�察   �of  Cassaris�察   �of 

Antiochia�察  �Caramanta�察  �Cali�察  �and Anserma   have   gold   enough   to   pay   the 

king's part�察�and are not easily invaded by way of the ocean。 Or if Nombre 

de Dios and Panama be taken�察�in the province of Castilla del Oro�察�and the 

villages upon the rivers of Cenu and Chagre�察�Peru hath�察�besides those�察�and 

besides the magnificent cities of Quito and Lima�察�so many islands�察�ports�察�

cities�察  �and   mines   as   if   I   should   name   them   with   the   rest   it   would   seem 

incredible to the reader。 Of all which�察�because I have written a particular 

treatise of   the West   Indies�察�I  will omit   the repetition   at this   time�察 �seeing 

that in the said treatise I have anatomized the rest of the sea towns as well 

of   Nicaragua�察  �Yucatan�察  �Nueva   Espana�察  �and   the   islands�察  �as   those   of   the 

inland�察�and by what means they may be best invaded�察�as far as any mean 

judgment may comprehend。 

     But I hope it shall appear that   there is a way  found to answer   every 



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man's longing�察�a better Indies for her Majesty than the king of Spain hath 

any�察   �which    if  it  shall  please   her  Highness     to  undertake�察    �I  shall  most 

willingly end the rest of my days in following the same。 If it be left to the 

spoil and sackage of common persons�察�if the love and service of so many 

nations   be   despised�察  �so   great   riches   and   so   mighty   an   empire   refused�察  �I 

hope her Majesty will yet take my humble desire and my labour therein in 

gracious part�察�which�察�if it had not been in respect of her Highness' future 

honour and   riches�察 �could have   laid   hands on and   ransomed   many  of   the 

kings and caciqui of the country�察�and have had a reasonable proportion of 

gold for their redemption。 But I have chosen rather to bear the burden of 

poverty   than   reproach�察  �and   rather   to   endure   a   second   travail�察  �and   the 

chances thereof�察�than to have defaced an enterprise of so great assurance�察�

until I knew whether it pleased God to put a disposition in her princely and 

royal heart either to follow or forslow ��neglect�察�decline�察�lose through sloth�� 

the same。 I will therefore leave it to His ordinance that hath only power in 

all things�察�and do humbly pray that your honours will excuse such errors 

as�察  �without     the  defence     of  art�察 �overrun     in  every    part  the   following 

discourse�察�in which I have neither studied phrase�察�form�察�nor fashion�察�that 

you will be pleased to esteem me as your own�察�though over dearly bought�察�

and I shall ever remain ready to do you all honour and service。 



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                          TO THE READER 



     Because   there   have   been   divers   opinions   conceived   of   the   gold   ore 

brought from Guiana�察�and for that an alderman of London and an officer 

of her Majesty's mint hath given out that the same is of no price�察�I have 

thought good by the addition of these lines to give answer as well to the 

said malicious slander as to other objections。 It is true that while we abode 

at the island of Trinidad I was informed by an Indian that not far from the 

port   where   we   anchored   there   were   found   certain   mineral   stones   which 

they esteemed to be gold�察�and were thereunto persuaded the rather for that 

they    had   seen   both    English    and   Frenchmen       gather   and   embark     some 

quantities thereof。 Upon this likelihood I sent forty men�察�and gave order 

that   each   one   should   bring   a   stone   of   that   mine�察  �to   make   trial   of   the 

goodness�察�which being performed�察�I assured them at their return that the 

same was   marcasite�察 �and   of no   riches   or value。  Notwithstanding�察 �divers�察�

trusting   more   to   their   own   sense   than   to   my   opinion�察  �kept   of   the   said 

marcasite�察  �and   have   tried   thereof   since   my   return�察  �in   divers   places。   In 

Guiana itself I never saw marcasite�察�but all the rocks�察�mountains�察�all stones 

in   the   plains�察  �woods�察  �and   by   the   rivers'   sides�察  �are   in   effect   thorough´ 

shining�察�and appear marvellous rich�察�which�察�being tried to be no marcasite�察�

are the true signs of rich minerals�察�but are no other than El madre del oro�察�

as the Spaniards term them�察�which is the mother of gold�察�or�察�as it is said by 

others�察�the scum of   gold。 Of divers   sorts of these   many of   my  company 

brought also into England�察�every one taking the fairest for the best�察�which 

is not general。 For mine own part�察�I did not countermand any man's desire 

or opinion�察�and I could have afforded them little if I should have denied 

them the pleasing of their own fancies therein�察�but I was resolved that gold 

must be found either in grains�察�separate from the stone�察�as it is in most of 

the   rivers   in   Guiana�察  �or   else   in   a   kind   of   hard   stone�察  �which   we   call   the 

white   spar�察  �of   which   I   saw   divers   hills�察  �and   in   sundry   places�察  �but   had 

neither time nor men�察�nor instruments fit for labour。 Near unto one of the 

rivers I found of  the said white spar  or flint a very  great ledge or  bank�察�

which   I   endeavoured   to   break   by   all   the   means   I   could�察  �because   there 

appeared on the outside some small grains of gold�察�but finding no mean to 



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work the   same   upon   the   upper   part�察  �seeking   the   sides   and   circuit   of   the 

said rock�察�I found a clift in the same�察�from whence with daggers�察�and with 

the head of an axe�察�we got out some small quantity thereof�察�of which kind 

of white stone�察�wherein gold is engendered�察�we saw divers hills and rocks 

in   every   part   of   Guiana   wherein   we   travelled。   Of   this   there   have   been 

made many trials�察�and in London it was first assayed by Master Westwood�察�

a refiner dwelling in Wood Street�察�and it held after the rate of twelve or 

thirteen thousand pounds a ton。 Another sort was afterward tried by Master 

Bulmar�察  �and   Master   Dimock�察  �assay´master�察  �and   it   held   after   the   rate   of 

three and twenty thousand pounds a ton。 There was some of it again tried 

by    Master    Palmer�察    �Comptroller      of  the   Mint�察   �and   Master    Dimock      in 

Goldsmith's   Hall�察     �and    it   held  after  six  and  twenty   thousand      and   nine 

hundred pounds a ton。 There was also at the same time�察�and by the same 

persons�察�a trial made of the dust of the said mine�察�which held eight pounds 

and six ounces weight of gold in the hundred。 There was likewise at the 

same time a trial of an image of copper made in Guiana�察�which held a third 

part   of   gold�察  �besides   divers   trials   made   in   the   country�察  �and   by   others   in 

London。   But   because   there   came   ill   with   the   good�察  �and   belike   the   said 

alderman was not presented with the best�察�it hath pleased him therefore to 

scandal all t

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