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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及3何蛍

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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alderman was not presented with the best�察�it hath pleased him therefore to 

scandal all the rest�察�and to deface the enterprise as much as in him lieth。 It 

hath also been concluded by divers that if there had been any such ore in 

Guiana�察  �and   the     same   discovered�察     �that   I  would   have    brought   home      a 

greater quantity thereof。 First�察�I was not bound to satisfy any man of the 

quantity�察  �but   only   such   as   adventured�察  �if   any   store   had   been   returned 

thereof�察�but it is very true that had all their mountains been of massy gold 

it was impossible for us to have made any longer stay to have wrought the 

same�察�and whosoever hath seen with what strength of stone the best gold 

ore   is   environed�察  �he   will   not   think   it   easy   to   be   had   out   in   heaps�察  �and 

especially by us�察�who had neither men�察�instruments�察�nor time�察�as it is said 

before�察�to perform the same。 

     There were on this discovery no less than an hundred persons�察�who can 

all witness that when we passed any branch of the river to view the land 

within�察�and stayed from our boats but six hours�察�we were driven to wade to 

the eyes at our return�察�and if we attempted the same the day following�察�it 



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was   impossible   either   to   ford   it�察  �or   to   swim   it�察  �both   by   reason   of   the 

swiftness�察�and also for that the borders were so pestered with fast woods�察�

as neither boat nor man could find place either to land or to embark�察�for in 

June�察�July�察�August�察�and September it is impossible to navigate any of those 

rivers�察�for such is the fury of the current�察�and there are so many trees and 

woods   overflown�察  �as   if   any   boat   but   touch   upon   any   tree   or   stake   it   is 

impossible to save any one person therein。 And ere we departed the land it 

ran   with   such   swiftness   as   we   drave   down�察  �most   commonly   against   the 

wind�察�little less than an hundred miles a day。 Besides�察�our vessels were no 

other than wherries�察�one little barge�察�a small cock´boat�察�and a bad galiota 

which   we   framed   in   haste   for   that   purpose   at   Trinidad�察  �and   those   little 

boats   had   nine   or   ten   men   apiece�察  �with   all   their   victuals   and   arms。   It   is 

further true that we were about four hundred miles from our ships�察�and had 

been a month from them�察�which also we left weakly manned in an open 

road�察�and had promised our return in fifteen days。 

     Others have devised that the same ore was had from Barbary�察�and that 

we carried it with us into Guiana。 Surely the singularity of that device I do 

not well comprehend。 For mine own part�察�I am not so much in love with 

these long voyages as to devise thereby to cozen myself�察�to lie hard�察�to fare 

worse�察�to be subjected to perils�察�to diseases�察�to ill savours�察�to be parched 

and     withered�察    �and   withal    to  sustain    the   care   and    labour    of  such    an 

enterprise�察     �except    the   same     had   more     comfort     than    the   fetching    of 

marcasite   in   Guiana�察  �or   buying   of   gold   ore   in   Barbary。   But   I   hope   the 

better sort will judge me by themselves�察�and that the way of deceit is not 

the way of honour or good opinion。 I have herein consumed much time�察�

and many crowns�察�and I had no other respect or desire than to serve her 

Majesty  and   my  country  thereby。   If   the   Spanish   nation   had   been   of   like 

belief   to   these   detractors   we   should   little   have   feared   or   doubted   their 

attempts�察�wherewith we now are daily threatened。 But if we now consider 

of the actions both of Charles the Fifth�察�who had the maidenhead of Peru 

and   the   abundant   treasures   of Atabalipa�察 �together   with   the   affairs   of   the 

Spanish king now living�察�what territories he hath purchased�察�what he hath 

added      to  the   acts   of  his   predecessors�察     �how    many     kingdoms      he   hath 

endangered�察  �how   many   armies�察  �garrisons�察  �and   navies   he   hath�察  �and   doth 



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maintain�察�the great losses which he hath repaired�察�as in Eighty´eight above 

an hundred sail of great ships with their artillery�察�and that no year is less 

infortunate�察�but that many vessels�察�treasures�察�and people are devoured�察�and 

yet notwithstanding he beginneth again like a storm to threaten shipwrack 

to us all�察�we shall find that these abilities rise not from the trades of sacks 

and Seville oranges�察�nor from aught else that either Spain�察�Portugal�察�or any 

of his other provinces produce�察�it is his Indian gold that endangereth and 

disturbeth   all   the   nations   of   Europe�察  �it   purchaseth   intelligence�察  �creepeth 

into    counsels�察    �and    setteth   bound     loyalty    at  liberty    in  the   greatest 

monarchies   of      Europe。   If   the   Spanish   king    can   keep   us   from   foreign 

enterprises�察  �and   from   the   impeachment   of   his   trades�察  �either   by   offer   of 

invasion�察�or by besieging us in Britain�察�Ireland�察�or elsewhere�察�he hath then 

brought the work of our peril in great forwardness。 

     Those princes that abound in treasure have great advantages over the 

rest�察�if they once constrain them to a defensive war�察�where they are driven 

once   a   year   or   oftener   to   cast   lots   for   their   own   garments�察  �and   from   all 

such shall all trades and intercourse be taken away�察�to the general loss and 

impoverishment   of   the   kingdom   and   commonweal   so   reduced。   Besides�察�

when our men are constrained to fight�察�it hath not the like hope as when 

they are pressed and encouraged by the desire of spoil and riches。 Farther�察�

it is to be doubted how those that in time of victory seem to affect their 

neighbour   nations   will   remain   after   the   first   view   of   misfortunes   or   ill 

success�察�to trust�察�also�察�to the doubtfulness of a battle is but a fearful and 

uncertain adventure�察�seeing therein fortune is as likely to prevail as virtue。 

It shall not be necessary to allege all that might be said�察�and therefore   I 

will thus conclude�察�that whatsoever kingdom shall be enforced to defend 

itself   may   be    compared      to  a  body   dangerously   diseased�察      �which    for   a 

season may be preserved with vulgar medicines�察�but in a short time�察�and 

by little and little�察�the same must needs fall to the ground and be dissolved。 

I have therefore laboured all my life�察�both according to my small power 

and   persuasion�察  �to   advance   all   those   attempts   that   might   either   promise 

return of profit to ourselves�察�or at least be a let and impeachment to the 

quiet course and plentiful trades of the Spanish nation�察�who�察�in my weak 

judgement�察�by such a war were as easily endangered and brought from his 



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powerfulness as any prince in Europe�察�if it be considered from how many 

kingdoms   and   nations   his   revenues   are   gathered�察  �and   those   so   weak   in 

their   own   beings   and   so   far   severed   from   mutual   succour。   But   because 

such a preparation and resolution is not to be hoped for in haste�察�and that 

the time which our enemies embrace cannot be had again to advantage�察�I 

will   hope   that   these   provinces�察  �and   that   empire   now   by   me   discovered�察�

shall   suffice   to   enable   her   Majesty  and   the   whole kingdom  with   no   less 

quantities of treasure than the king of Spain hath in all the Indies�察�East and 

West�察�which he possesseth�察�which if the same be considered and followed�察�

ere the Spaniards enforce the same�察�and if her Majesty will undertake it�察�I 

will be contented to lose her Highness' favour and good opinion for ever�察�

and my life withal�察�if the same be not found rather to exceed than to equal 

whatsoever is in this discourse promised and declared。 I will now refer the 

reader   to   the   following   discourse�察  �with   the   hope   that   the   perilous   and 

chargeable labours and endeavours of such as thereby seek the profit and 

honour of her Majesty�察�and the English nation�察�shall by men of quality and 

virtue receive such construction and good acceptance as themselves would 

like to be rewarded withal in the like。 



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                                 THE DISCOVERY OF GUIANA 



                 THE DISCOVERY��*�А�OF 

             GUIANA�В��В�*�А�Exploration 



     �В��А�The name is derived from the Guayano Indians�察�on the Orinoco。 

     On   Thursday�察  �the   sixth   of   February�察  �in   the   year   1595�察  �we   departed 

England�察�and the Sunday following had sight of the north cape of Spain�察�

the wind for the most part continuing prosperous�察�we passed in sight of the 

Burlings�察  �and   the   Rock�察  �and   so   onwards   for   the   Canaries�察  �and   fell   with 

Fuerteventura   the   17。   of   the   same   month�察  �where   we   spent   two   or   three 

days�察�and relieved our companies with some fresh meat。 From thence we 

coasted by the Grand Canaria�察�and so to Teneriffe�察�and stayed there for the 

Lion's Whelp�察 �your   Lordship's ship�察 �and   for Captain Amyas   Preston  and 

the   rest。   But   when   after   seven   or   eight   days   we   found   them   not�察  �we 

departed and directed our course for Trinidad�察�with mine own ship�察�and a 

small   barque   of   Captain   Cross's   only�察  �for   we   had   before   lost   sight   of   a 

small galego on the coast of Spain�察�which came with us from Plymouth。 

We arrived at Trinidad the 22。 of March�察�casting anchor at Point Cu

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