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及38何蛍

life of robert browning(袋荻蒙,下席逓勧)-及38何蛍

弌傍�� life of robert browning(袋荻蒙,下席逓勧) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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not in kind。 But I do not for a moment believe that his greatness is in his 

status as a thinker�此�even less�察�that the poet and the thinker are indissociable。 

Many  years   ago   Sainte´Beuve   destroyed   this   shallow   artifice   of   pseudo´ 

criticism�此 �Venir   nous dire  que tout poe;te   de  talent est�察�par  essence�察 �un 

grand PENSEUR�察�et que tout vrai PENSEUR est ne/cessairement artiste et 

poe;te�察�c'est une pre/tention insoutenable et que de/ment a chaque instant 

la re/alite/。; 

     When   Browning's   enormous   influence   upon   the   spiritual   and   mental 

life   of   our   day      an   influence   ever   shaping   itself   to   wise   and   beautiful 

issues      shall   have   lost   much   of   its   immediate   import�察  �there   will   still 

surely be discerned in his work a formative energy whose resultant is pure 

poetic gain。 It is as the poet he will live�此�not merely as the ;novel thinker 

in   verse;。   Logically�察  �his   attitude   as   `thinker'   is   unimpressive。   It   is   the 

attitude�察    �as  I  think    some    one    has   pointed     out�察  �of  acquiescence        with 

codified morality。 In one of his `Causeries'�察�the keen French critic quoted 

above   has   a   remark   upon   the   great   Bossuet�察  �which   may   with   singular 

aptness be repeated of Browning�此  �His is the Hebrew genius extended�察�

fecundated        by   Christianity�察    �and    open     to  all   the   acquisitions     of   the 

understanding�察  �but   retaining   some   degree   of   sovereign   interdiction�察  �and 

closing its vast horizon precisely where its light ceases。; Browning cannot�察�

or will not�察�face the problem of the future except from the basis of assured 

continuity   of   individual   existence。   He   is   so   much   in   love   with   life�察  �for 



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life's   sake�察  �that   he   cannot   even   credit   the   possibility  of   incontinuity�察  �his 

assurance of eternity in another world is at least in part due to his despair 

at not being eternal in this。 He is so sure�察�that the intellectually scrupulous 

detect   the   odours   of   hypotheses   amid   the   sweet   savour   of   indestructible 

assurance。 Schopenhauer says�察�in one of those recently´found Annotations 

of   his   which   are    so   characteristic   and   so     acute�察   �that   which   is    called 

`mathematical   certainty'   is   the   cane   of   a   blind   man   without   a   dog�察  �or 

equilibrium in darkness。; Browning would sometimes have us accept the 

evidence       of  his   `cane'   as  all´sufficient。     He   does    not   entrench     himself 

among conventions�此�for he already finds himself within the fortified lines 

of convention�察�and remains there。 Thus is true what Mr。 Mortimer says in a 

recent admirable critique  ;His position in regard to the thought of the 

age   is   paradoxical�察  �if   not   inconsistent。   He   is   in   advance   of   it   in   every 

respect   but   one�察  �the   most   important   of   all�察  �the   matter   of   fundamental 

principles�察  �in   these   he   is   behind   it。   His   processes   of   thought   are   often 

scientific   in   their   precision   of   analysis�察  �the   sudden   conclusion   which   he 

imposes upon them is transcendental and inept。; Browning's conclusions�察�

which harmonise so well with our haphazard previsionings�察�are sometimes 

so disastrously facile that they exercise an insurrectionary influence。 They 

occasionally       suggest     that   wisdom      of  Gotham       which     is  ever   ready    to 

postulate the certainty of a fulfilment because of the existence of a desire。 

It   is   this   that   vitiates   so   much   of   his   poetic   reasoning。   Truth   may   ring 

regnant in the lines of Abt Vogler  ;And what is our failure here but a 

triumph's evidence For the fulness of the days�拭─ �but�察�unfortunately�察�the 

conclusion is�察�in itself�察�illogical。 

     We are all familiar with�察�and in this book I have dwelt more than once 

upon�察 �Browning's   habitual   attitude towards   Death。   It   is not   a   novel   one。 

The   frontage   is   not   so   much   that   of   the   daring   pioneer�察  �as   the   sedate 

assurance       of   `the   oldest    inhabitant'。    It  is  of   good     hap�察  �of   welcome 

significance�此�none the less there is an aspect of our mortality of which the 

poet's   evasion   is   uncompromising   and   absolute。   I   cannot   do   better   than 

quote      Mr。    Mortimer's       noteworthy        words      hereupon�察     �in    connection�察�

moreover�察      �with    Browning's        artistic   relation    to  Sex�察   �that   other    great 

Protagonist   in   the   relentless   duel   of   Humanity   with   Circumstance。   ;The 



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final inductive   hazard he declines for   himself�察�his readers   may take   it if 

they   will。   It   is   part   of   the   insistent   and   perverse   ingenuity   which  we 

display in masking with illusion the more disturbing elements of life。 Veil 

after veil is torn down�察�but seldom before another has been slipped behind 

it�察 �until   we   acquiesce     without    a  murmur      in  the  concealment       that  we 

ourselves have made。 Two facts thus carefully shrouded from full vision 

by   elaborate   illusion   conspicuously   round   in   our   lives      the   life´giving 

and     life´destroying     elements�察    �Sex    and   Death。     We    are  compelled       to 

occasional physiologic and economic discussion of the one�察�but we shrink 

from recognising the full extent to which it bases the whole social fabric�察�

carefully   concealing   its   insurrections�察  �and   ignoring   or   misreading   their 

lessons。 The other�察�in certain aspects�察�we are compelled to face�察�but to do it 

we tipple on illusions�察 �from our   cradle   upwards�察�in dread of the   coming 

grave�察�purchasing a drug for our poltroonery at the expense of our sanity。 

We uphold our wayward steps with the promises and the commandments 

for   crutches�察  �but   on   either   side   of   us   trudge   the   shadow   Death   and   the 

bacchanal Sex�察�and we mumble prayers against the one�察�while we scourge 

ourselves for leering at the other。 On one only of these can Browning be 

said to have spoken with novel force  the relations of sex�察�which he has 

treated     with    a   subtlety     and    freedom�察     �and    often    with    a   beauty�察�

unapproached         since    Goethe。     On    the   problem      of  Death�察    �except    in 

masquerade of robes and wings�察�his eupeptic temperament never allowed 

him to dwell。 He sentimentalised where Shakespeare thought。; Browning's 

whole attitude to the Hereafter is different from that of Tennyson only in 

that the latter  `faintly'�察 �while he strenuously�察  �trusts   the  larger  hope。; To 

him     all  credit�察 �that�察  �standing    upon    the   frontiers   of  the   Past�察  �he   can 

implicitly trust the Future。 ;High´hearted surely he�察�But bolder they who 

first off´cast Their moorings from the habitable Past。; The teacher may be 

forgotten�察  �the   prophet   may   be   hearkened   to   no   more�察  �but   a   great   poet's 

utterance is never temporal�察�having that in it which conserves it against the 

antagonism of time�察�and the ebb and flow of literary ideals。 What range�察�

what     extent    of   genius�    �As   Mr。    Frederick     Wedmore       has    well   said�察�

`Browning is not a book  he is a literature。' 

     But that he will ;stand out gigantic; in MASS of imperishable work�察�in 



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that far´off day�察�I for one cannot credit。 His poetic shortcomings seem too 

essential to permit of this。 That fatal excess of cold over emotive thought�察�

of thought that�察�however profound�察�incisive�察�or scrupulously clear�察�is not 

yet impassioned�察�is a fundamental defect of his。 It is the very impetuosity 

of this mental energy to which is due the miscalled obscurity of much of 

Browning's work  miscalled�察�because�察�however remote in his allusions�察�

however   pedantic   even�察  �he   is   never   obscure   in   his   thought。   His   is   that 

;palace infinite which darkens with excess of light。; But mere excess in 

itself   is   nothing   more   than   symptomatic。   Browning   has   suffered   more 

from intellectual exploitation than any writer。 It is a ruinous process  for 

the   poet。   ;He   so   well   repays   intelligent   study。;   That   is   it�察  �unfortunately。 

There are many�察�like the old Scotch lady who attempted to read Carlyle's 

`French      Revolution'�察    �who     think   they   have    become      ;daft;   when     they 

encounter a passage such as�察�for example�察 �Rivals�察�who 。 。 。 Tuned�察�from 

Bocafoli's   stark´naked   psalms�察  �To   Plara's   sonnets   spoilt   by   toying   with�察�

`As knops that stud some almug to the pith Pricked for gum�察�wry thence�察�

and crinkled worse Than pursed eyelids of a river´horse Sunning himself 

o' the slime when whirrs the breeze  GAD´FLY�察�that is。'; The old lady 

persevered with Carlyle�察�and�察�after a few days�察�found ;she was nae sae daft�察�

but that she had tackled a varra dee´fee´cult author。; What would even that 

indomitable   student   have   said   to   the   above   quotation�察  �and   to   the   poem 

whence it comes�拭�To many it is not the poetry�察�but the difficulties�察�that are 

the attraction。 They rejoice�察�after long and frequent dippings�察�to find their 

plummet�察�almost lost in remote depths�察�touch bottom。 Enough `meaning' 

has been educed from `Childe Roland'�察�to cite but one instance�察�to start a 

School   of   Philosophy   with�此  �though   it   so   happen

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