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life of robert browning(袋荻蒙,下席逓勧)-及39何蛍

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has been educed from `Childe Roland'�察�to cite but one instance�察�to start a 

School   of   Philosophy   with�此  �though   it   so   happens   that   the   poem   is   an 

imaginative fantasy�察�written in one day。 Worse still�察�it was not inspired by 

the mystery of existence�察�but by `a red horse with a glaring eye standing 

behind   a   dun   one   on   a   piece   of   tapestry   that   used   to   hang   in   the   poet's 

drawing´room。'* Of all his faults�察�however�察�the worst is that jugglery�察�that 

inferior   legerdemain�察  �with   the   elements   of   the   beautiful   in   verse�此  �most 

obvious in ;Sordello;�察�in portions of ;The Ring and the Book;�察�and in so 

many of the later poems。 These inexcusable violations are like the larvae 

within     certain   vegetable     growths�此    �soon   or   late  they   will   destroy    their 



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environment before they perish themselves。 Though possessive above all 

others   of   that   science   of   the   percipient in   the   allied   arts   of   painting   and 

music�察  �wherein   he   found   the   unconventional   Shelley   so   missuaded   by 

convention�察�he seemed ever more alert to the substance than to the manner 

of    poetry。   In   a  letter   of   Mrs。    Browning's      she   alludes     to  a  friend's 

;melodious feeling; for poetry。 Possibly the phrase was accidental�察�but it is 

significant。 To   inhale  the  vital   air of   poetry  we   must   love it�察 �not   merely 

find it ;interesting;�察 �suggestive;�察 �soothing;�察 �stimulative;�此�in a word�察�we 

must have a ;melodious feeling; for poetry before we can deeply enjoy it。 

Browning�察�who has so often educed from his lyre melodies and harmonies 

of    transcendent�察      �though     novel�察   �beauty�察    �was    too   frequently�察    �during 

composition�察�without this melodious feeling of which his wife speaks。 The 

distinction between literary types such as Browning or Balzac on the one 

hand�察�and Keats or Gustave Flaubert on the other�察�is that with the former 

there exists a reverence for the vocation and a relative indifference to the 

means�察�in themselves  and�察�with the latter�察�a scrupulous respect for the 

mere means as well as for that to which they conduce。 The poet who does 

not love words for themselves�察�as an artist loves any chance colour upon 

his palette�察�or as the musician any vagrant tone evoked by a sudden touch 

in idleness or reverie�察�has not entered into the full inheritance of the sons 

of Apollo。   The   writer   cannot   aim   at   beauty�察  �that   which   makes   literature 

and art�察�without this heed  without�察�rather�察�this creative anxiety�此�for it is 

certainly not enough�察�as some one has said�察�that language should be used 

merely   for   the   transportation   of   intelligence�察  �as   a   wheelbarrow   carries 

brick。     Of    course�察   �Browning       is   not    persistently     neglectful     of   this 

fundamental necessity for the literary artist。 He is often as masterly in this 

as in other respects。 But he is not always�察�not often enough�察�alive to the 

paramount need。 He writes with ;the verse being as the mood it paints�此─�

but�察  �unfortunately�察  �the   mood   is   often   poetically   unformative。   He   had   no 

passion for the quest for seductive forms。 Too much of his poetry has been 

born   prematurely。   Too   much   of   it�察  �indeed�察  �has   not   died   and   been   born 

again  for all immortal verse is a poetic resurrection。 Perfect poetry is the 

deathless   part   of   mortal   beauty。   The   great   artists   never   perpetuate   gross 

actualities�察�though they are the supreme realists。 It is Schiller�察�I think�察�who 



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says in effect�察�that to live again in the serene beauty of art�察�it is needful 

that things should   first die in reality。 Thus   Browning's dramatic   method�察�

even�察  �is   sometimes   disastrous   in   its   untruth�察  �as   in   Caliban's   analytical 

reasoning      an   initial   absurdity�察  �as   Mr。   Berdoe   has   pointed   out�察  �adding 

epigrammatically�察 �Caliban is a savage�察�with the introspective powers of a 

Hamlet�察�and the theology of an evangelical Churchman。' Not only Caliban�察�

but   several   other   of   Browning's   personages   ��Aprile�察  �Eglamour�察  �etc。��   are 

what Goethe calls `schwankende Gestalten'�察�mere ;wavering images;。 

        *   One   account   says   `Childe   Roland'   was   written   in   three   days�察�

another�察�that it was composed in one。 Browning's rapidity in composition 

was extraordinary。 ;The Return of the Druses; was written in five days�察�an 

act a day�察�so�察�also�察�was ;A Blot in the 'Scutcheon;。  

     Montaigne�察  �in   one   of   his   essays�察  �says   that   to   stop   gracefully   is   sure 

proof of high race in a horse�此�certainly to stop in time is imperative upon 

the   poet。   Of   Browning   may  be   said   what   Poe   wrote   of   another�察  �that   his 

genius was too impetuous for the minuter technicalities of that elaborate 

ART so needful in the building up of monuments for immortality。 But has 

not a greater than Poe declared that ;what distinguishes the artist from the 

amateur   is   `architectonike'   in   the   highest   sense�察  �that   power   of   execution 

which      creates�察  �forms�察   �and   constitutes�此   �not   the   profoundness       of  single 

thoughts�察�not the richness of imagery�察�not the abundance of illustration。; 

Assuredly�察  �no   ;new   definition;   can   be   an   effective   one   which   conflicts 

with Goethe's incontrovertible dictum。 

     But this much having been admitted�察�I am only too willing to protest 

against the uncritical outcry against Browning's musical incapacity。 

     A deficiency is not incapacity�察�otherwise Coleridge�察�at his highest the 

most   perfect   of   our   poets�察  �would   be   lowly   estimated。   ;Bid   shine   what 

would�察�dismiss into the shade What should not be  and there triumphs the 

paramount Surprise o' the master。; 。 。 。 

     Browning's   music   is   oftener   harmonic   than   melodic�此  �and   musicians 

know how the general ear�察�charmed with immediately appellant melodies�察�

resents�察�wearies of�察�or is deaf to the harmonies of a more remote�察�a more 

complex�察�and above all a more novel creative method。 He is�察�among poets�察�

what     Wagner     is  among     musicians�察     �as  Shakespeare       may    be  likened    to 



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Beethoven�察       �or  Shelley     to  Chopin。     The    common       assertion     as   to  his 

incapacity for metric music is on the level of those affirmations as to his 

not being widely accepted of the people�察�when the people have the chance�察�

or as to the indifference of the public to poetry generally  and this in an 

age when poetry has never been so widely understood�察�loved�察�and valued�察�

and wherein it is yearly growing more acceptable and more potent� �

     A great writer is to be adjudged by his triumphs�察�not by his failures�此�as�察�

to take up Montaigne's simile again�察�a famous race´horse is remembered 

for   its   successes   and   not   for   the   races   which   it   lost。   The   tendency   with 

certain     critics  is   to  reverse    the   process。    Instead    of   saying    with    the 

archbishop in Horne's ;Gregory VII。;�察 �He owes it all to his Memnonian 

voice� �He has no genius�此─�or of declaring�察�as Prospero says of Caliban in 

;The Tempest;�察 �He is as disproportioned in his manners as in his shape�此─�

how much better to affirm of him what Ben Jonson wrote of Shakespeare�察�

;Hee redeemed his vices with his vertues�此�there was ever more in him to 

bee praysed than to bee pardoned。; In the balance of triumphs and failures�察�

however�察�is to be sought the relative measure of genius  whose equipoise 

should be the first matter of ascertainment in comparative criticism。 

     For those who would discriminate between what Mr。 Traill succinctly 

terms     his  GENERIC         greatness    as  thinker    and   man    of   letters�察 �and   his 

SPECIFIC         power     as  poet�察   �it  is  necessary     to   disabuse     the   mind    of 

Browning's ;message;。 The question is not one of weighty message�察�but of 

artistic   presentation。   To   praise   a   poem   because   of   its   optimism   is   like 

commending a peach because it loves the sunshine�察�rather than because of 

its   distinguishing   bloom   and   savour。   The   primary   concern   of   the   artist 

must   be   with   his   vehicle   of   expression。   In   the   instance   of   a   poet�察  �this 

vehicle   is   language   emotioned   to   the   white´heat   of   rhythmic   music   by 

impassioned        thought     or  sensation。     Schopenhauer        declares    it  is  all  a 

question   of   style   now   with   poetry�察  �that   everything   has   been   sung�察  �that 

everything has been duly cursed�察�that there is nothing left for poetry but to 

be the glowing forge of words。 He forgets that in quintessential art there is 

nothing of the past�察�nothing old�此�even the future has part therein only in 

that   the   present   is   always   encroaching   upon�察  �becoming�察  �the   future。   The 

famous pessimistic philosopher has�察�in common with other critics�察�made�察�



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in effect�察�the same remark  that Style exhales the odour of the soul�此�yet 

he   himself   has   indicated that the strength of   Shakespeare   lay  in the   fact 

that `he had no taste��' that `he was not a man of letters。' Whenever genius 

has   displayed   epic   force   it   has   establis

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