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及38何蛍

the compleat angler(換許寄畠)-及38何蛍

弌傍�� the compleat angler(換許寄畠) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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many fair towns and princely palaces�察�that a German poet thus truly spake�此�

     Tot campos�察�&c。 We saw so many woods and princely bowers�察�Sweet 

fields�察  �brave   palaces�察  �and   stately   towers�察  �So    many   gardens   drest   with 

curious care�察�That Thames with royal Tiber may compare。 

     2。   The   second   river   of   note   is   SABRINA   or   SEVERN�此  �it   hath   its 

beginning   in   Plinilimmon´hill�察  �in   Montgomeryshire�察  �and   his   end   seven 

miles from Bristol�察�washing�察�in the mean space�察�the walls of Shrewsbury�察�

Worcester�察�and Gloucester�察�and divers other places and palaces of note。 

     3。 TRENT�察�so called from thirty kind of fishes that are found in it�察�or 

for   that   it  receiveth   thirty   lesser  rivers�察  �who    having    his   fountain   in 

Staffordshire�察  �and   gliding   through   the   counties   of   Nottingham�察  �Lincoln�察�

Leicester�察�and York�察�augmenteth the turbulent current of Humber�察�the most 



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violent stream of   all the   isle This   Humber is not�察 �to say  truth�察�a   distinct 

river   having     a  spring´head     of  his  own�察   �but  it  is  rather  the   mouth    or 

aestuarium of divers rivers here confluent and meeting together�察�namely�察�

your   Derwent�察  �and   especially   of   Ouse   and   Trent�察  �and�察  �as   the   Danow�察�

having   received   into   its   channel   the   river   Dravus�察  �Savus�察  �Tibiscus�察  �and 

divers   others�察  �changeth   his   name   into   this   of   Humberabus�察  �as   the   old 

geographers call it。 

     4。 MEDWAY�察�a Kentish river�察�famous for harbouring the royal navy。 

     5。 TWEED�察�the north´east bound of England�察�on whose northern banks 

is seated the strong and impregnable town of Berwick。 

     6。   TYNE�察     �famous    for   Newcastle�察    �and   her   inexhaustible     coal´pits。 

These�察�and the rest of principal note�察�are thus comprehended in one of Mr。 

Drayton's Sonnets�此�

     Our floods' queen�察�Thames�察�for ships and swans is crown'd And stately 

Severn     for   her  shore    is  prais'd�察 �The   crystal   Trent�察  �for  fords   and   fish 

renown'd�察�And Avon's fame to Albion's cliffs is rais'd。 

     Carlegion   Chester   vaunts   her   holy   Dee�察  �York   many   wonders   of   her 

Ouse can tell�察�The Peak�察�her Dove�察�whose banks so fertile be�察�And Kent 

will say her Medway doth excel�此�

     Cotswold commends her Isis to the Tame�此�Our northern borders boast 

of Tweed's fair flood�察�Our Western parts extol their Willy's fame�察�And the 

old Lea brags of the Danish blood。 

     These observations are out of learned Dr。 Heylin�察�and my old deceased 

friend�察�Michael Drayton�察�and because you say you love such discourses as 

these�察�of rivers�察�and fish�察�and fishing�察�I love you the better�察�and love the 

more to impart them to you。 Nevertheless�察�scholar�察�if I should begin but to 

name   the   several   sorts   of   strange   fish   that   are   usually  taken   in   many   of 

those rivers that run into the sea�察�I might beget wonder in you�察�or unbelief�察�

or both�此�and yet I will venture to tell you a real truth concerning one lately 

dissected by Dr。 Wharton�察�a man of great learning and experience�察�and of 

equal   freedom  to   communicate   it�察�one that   loves   me   and   my  art�察  �one   to 

whom I have been beholden for many of the choicest observations that I 

have imparted to you。 This good man�察�that dares do anything rather than 

tell an untruth�察�did�察�I say�察�tell me he had lately dissected one strange fish�察�



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and he thus described it to me�此�

     ;This fish was almost a yard broad�察�and twice that length�察�his mouth 

wide enough to receive�察�or take into   it�察�the head of a man�察�his stomach�察�

seven or eight inches broad。 He is of a slow motion�察�and usually lies or 

lurks   close   in   the   mud�察  �and   has   a   moveable   string   on   his   head�察  �about   a 

span or near unto a quarter of a yard long�察�by the moving of which�察�which 

is   his   natural   bait�察  �when   he   lies   close   and   unseen   in   the   mud�察  �he   draws 

other smaller fish so close to him�察�that he can suck them into his mouth�察�

and so devours and digests them。; 

     And�察�scholar�察�do not wonder at this�察�for besides the credit of the relator�察�

you are to note�察�many of these�察�and fishes which are of the like and more 

unusual shapes�察�are very often taken on the mouths of our sea rivers�察�and 

on the   sea   shore。 And   this   will   be   no   wonder   to   any  that have   travelled 

Egypt�察  �where�察  �'tis   known�察  �the   famous   river   Nilus   does   not   only   breed 

fishes that yet want names�察�but�察�by the overflowing of that river�察�and the 

help of the sun's heat on the fat slime which the river leaves on the banks 

when it falls back into its natural channel�察�such strange fish and beasts are 

also bred�察�that no man can give a name to�察�as Grotius in his Sopham�察�and 

others�察�have observed。 

     But whither am I strayed in this discourse。 I will end it by telling you�察�

that at the mouth of some of these rivers of ours�察�Herrings are so plentiful�察�

as namely�察�near to Yarmouth in Norfolk�察�and in the west country Pilchers 

so   very   plentiful�察  �as   you   will   wonder   to   read   what   our   learned   Camden 

relates of them in his Britannia。 

     Well�察   �scholar�察  �I  will  stop   here�察  �and   tell  you   what    by   reading   and 

conference I have observed concerning fish´ponds。 



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                The FIFTH day´continued 



                                     Of Fish´Ponds 



                                    Chapter XX 



                                         Piscator 

    DOCTOR LEBAULT�察�the learned Frenchman�察�in his large discourse of 

Maison   Rustique�察  �gives   this   direction   for   making   of   fish´ponds。   I   shall 

refer you to him�察�to read it at large�此�but I think I shall contract it�察�and yet 

make it as useful。 

    He   adviseth�察  �that   when   you   have   drained   the   ground�察  �and   made   the 

earth firm where the head of the pond must be�察�that you must then�察�in that 

place�察  �drive   in   two   or   three   rows   of   oak   or   elm   piles�察  �which   should   be 

scorched in the fire�察�or half´burnt�察�before they be driven into the earth�察�for 

being thus used�察�it preserves them much longer from rotting。 And having 

done so�察 �lay  faggots   or bavins   of   smaller   wood   betwixt   them�此  �and   then�察�

earth   betwixt   and   above   them�此  �and   then�察  �having   first   very   well   rammed 

them and the earth�察�use another pile in like manner as the first were�此�and 

note�察�that the second pile is to be of or about the height that you intend to 

make your sluice or floodgate�察�or the vent that you intend shall convey the 

overflowings of your pond in any flood that shall endanger the breaking of 

your pond´dam。 

     Then he advises�察�that you plant willows or owlers�察�about it�察�or   both�此�

and then cast in bavins�察�in some places not far from the side�察�and in the 

most sandy places�察�for fish both to spawn upon�察�and to defend them and 

the young fry from the many fish�察�and also from vermin�察�that lie at watch 

to destroy them�察�especially the spawn of the Carp and Tench�察�when 'tis left 

to the mercy of ducks or vermin。 

    He�察�and Dubravius�察�and all others advise�察�that you make choice of such 

a place for your pond�察�that it may be refreshed with a little rill�察�or with rain 

water�察�running or falling into it�察�by which fish are more inclined both to 

breed�察�and are also refreshed and fed the better�察�and do prove to be of a 

much sweeter and more pleasant taste。 



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     To which end it is observed�察�that such pools as be large and have most 

gravel�察  �and   shallows   where   fish   may   sport themselves�察�do   afford   fish   of 

the purest taste。 And note�察�that in all pools it is best for fish to have some 

retiring   place�察  �as   namely�察  �hollow   banks�察  �or   shelves�察  �or   roots   of   trees�察  �to 

keep them from danger�察�and�察�when they think fit�察�from the extreme heat of 

summer�察  �as   also   from   the   extremity   of   cold   in   winter。 And   note�察  �that   if 

many trees be growing about your pond�察�the leaves thereof falling into the 

water�察�make it nauseous to the fish�察�and the fish to be so to the eater of it。 

     'Tis   noted�察   �that  the   Tench     and   Eel   love   mud�察   �and    the  Carp    loves 

gravelly ground�察�and in the hot months to feed on grass。 You are to cleanse 

your pond�察�if you intend either profit or pleasure�察�once every three or four 

years�察  �especially   some   ponds�察  �and   then   let   it   dry   six   or   twelve   months�察�

both     to   kill  the   water´weeds�察      �as   water´lilies�察    �can´docks�察     �reate�察  �and 

bulrushes�察�that breed there�察�and also that as these die for want of water�察�so 

grass may grow in the pond's bottom�察�which Carps will eat greedily in all 

the hot months�察�if the pond be clean。 The letting your pond dry and sowing 

oats   in   the   bottom   is   also   good�察  �for   the   fish   feed   the   faster�察  �and   being 

sometimes let dry�察�you may observe what kind of fish either increases or 

thrives best in that water�察�for they differ much�察�both in their breeding and 

feeding。 

     Lebault also advises�察�that if your ponds be not very large and roomy�察�

that you often feed your fish�察�by throwing into them chippings of bread�察�

curds�察�grains�察�or the entrails of chickens or of any fowl or beast that you 

kill to   feed   yourselves�察  �for   these   afford  

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