蔡元培(1868-1940) 中国近代民主革命家、教育学家、科学家。字鹤卿,号孑民。浙江省绍兴府山阴县人。18岁设馆教书,26岁中进士、点翰林,29岁授编修。1902年组织中国教育会任会长,创立爱国学社、爱国女学,均曾被推为总理。1912年 1月就任南京临时政府教育总长。1917年主任北京大学校长,1928年后专任中央研究院长。1940年 3月在香港病逝。 蔡元培是20世纪初中国资产阶级教育制度的创造者。他的教育实践和教育思想,集中起来就是用资产阶级教育代替封建教育。他在主持教育部工作期间,曾进行了划时代的改革。他提倡资产阶级自由主义教育,主张崇尚自然,尊重儿童,使其才能自由发展。在任北大校长期间,提出大学的性质在于研究高深学问,为此必须提倡学术自由,科学民主。他主张学与术分校,文与理通科。将“学年制”改为“学分制”,实行选科制,积极改进教学方法,精简课程,提倡自学。他的教育思想与教育实践,为中国教...
Falkby Joseph ConradA REMINISCENCESeveral of us, all more or less connected with thesea, were dining in a small river-hostelry not morethan thirty miles from London, and less than twentyfrom that shallow and dangerous puddle to whichour coasting men give the grandiose name of "Ger-man Ocean." And through the wide windows wehad a view of the Thames; an enfilading view downthe Lower Hope Reach. But the dinner was exe-crable, and all the feast was for the eyes....
The Complete Anglerby Izaak WaltonTo the Right worshipfulJohn Offleyof Madeley Manor, in the County of Stafford Esquire, My most honoured FriendSir, I have made so ill use of your former favours, as by them to be encouraged to entreat, that they may be enlarged to the patronage and protection of this Book: and I have put on a modest confidence, that I shall not be denied, because it is a discourse of Fish and Fishing, which you know so well, and both love and practice so much....
360 BCSYMPOSIUMby Platotranslated by Benjamin JowettSYMPOSIUMPERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE: APOLLODORUS, who repeats to his companion the dialogue which he had heard from Aristodemus, and had already once narrated to Glaucon; PHAEDRUS; PAUSANIAS; ERYXIMACHUS; ARISTOPHANES; AGATHON; SOCRATES; ALCIBIADES; A TROOP OF REVELLERS. Scene: The House of Agathon....
BOOK II: OF THEIR SLAVES, AND OF THEIR MARRIAGESTHEY do not make slaves of prisoners of war, except those that aretaken in battle; nor of the sons of their slaves, nor of those ofother nations: the slaves among them are only such as arecondemned to that state of life for the commission of some crime,or, which is more common, such as their merchants find condemnedto die in those parts to which they trade, whom they sometimes...
The Stolen White Elephantby Mark Twain[Left out of A Tramp Abroad, because it was feared that some of theparticulars had been exaggerated, and that others were not true. Beforethese suspicions had been proven groundless, the book had gone to press.M.T.]The following curious history was related to me by a chance railwayacquaintance. He was a gentleman more than seventy years of age, and histhoroughly good and gentle face and earnest and sincere manner imprinted...
十九世纪末,传统中国迫于“救亡图存”的压力,步履蹒跚地走上了现代化之途。历经百年沧桑之后,中国社会至今仍然走在现代化的途中。因此,诸如“现代化”、“现代性”、“现代主义”等命题对于关注本民族命运的现代中国知识分子而言,始终是具有切身性的现实问题,而不仅仅是纯理论思考中的抽象范畴,更非可供把玩的时髦话题。就笔者的视野所及,前北大校长蒋梦麟先生在其名著《西潮》中的一段回顾之言,最足表明近现代中国知识分子对“现代化”进程或“现代化”命题的切身之感:“半世纪以前(指19世纪末,——笔者按),这些轮船曾经把自来火、时辰钟、洋油灯、玩具,以及其他实用和巧妙的外国货带到中国。我童年时在安宁的乡村里就曾经玩过这些洋货。我们天真而不自觉地吸收这些新鲜的玩艺儿,实际上正是一次大转变的开端,这次转变使中国步上现代化之途,同时也经历了相伴而生的苦难、扰攘、危险,以及旧中国恬静生活的迅速消...
BOOK II: OF THEIR TRAFFICBUT it is now time to explain to you the mutual intercourse ofthis people, their commerce, and the rules by which all things aredistributed among them.As their cities are composed of families, so their families aremade up of those that are nearly related to one another. Theirwomen, when they grow up, are married out; but all the males, bothchildren and grandchildren, live still in the same house, in great...