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war of the classes(竣雫況尸)-及19何蛍

弌傍�� war of the classes(竣雫況尸) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




feudalism   of   ours   will   be�察  �Mr。   Ghent   says�此   �Peace   and   stability   it   will 

maintain at all hazards�察�and the mass�察�remembering the chaos�察�the turmoil�察�

the insecurity of the past�察�will bless its reign。 。 。 。 Efficiencythe faculty of 

getting   thingsis   at   last   rewarded   as   it   should   be�察  �for   the   efficient   have 

inherited the earth and its fulness。 The lowly�察�whose happiness is greater 

and   whose   welfare   is   more   thoroughly   conserved   when   governed   than 

when   governing�察       �as   a  twentieth´century   philosopher          said   of  them�察   �are 

settled and happy in the state which reason and experience teach is their 

God´appointed lot。 They are comfortable too�察�and if the patriarchal ideal 

of   a   vine   and   fig   tree   for   each   is   not   yet   attained�察  �at   least   each   has   his 

rented patch in the country or his rented cell in a city building。 Bread and 

the  circus   are   freely   given   to   the   deserving�察  �and   as   for   the   undeserving�察�

they are merely reaping the rewards of their contumacy and pride。 Order 

reigns�察�each has his justly appointed share�察�and the state rests�察�in security�察�

'lapt in universal law。'; 



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     Mr。  Brooks�察 �on the   other   hand�察 �sees   rising   and dissolving   and   rising 

again in the social flux the ominous forms of a new society which is the 

direct    antithesis    of   a  benevolent      feudalism。     He    trembles     at  the   rash 

intrepidity     of   the  capitalists    who    fight   the  labor    unions�察   �for  by   such 

rashness he greatly fears that labor will be driven to express its aims and 

strength in political terms�察�which terms will inevitably be socialistic terms。 

     To    keep    down     the   rising    tide  of   socialism�察    �he   preaches     greater 

meekness and benevolence to the capitalists。 No longer may they claim the 

right   to   run   their   own   business�察  �to   beat   down   the   laborer's   standard   of 

living for the sake of increased profits�察�to dictate terms of employment to 

individual   workers�察  �to   wax   righteously   indignant   when   organized   labor 

takes   a   hand   in   their   business。   No   longer   may   the   capitalist   say   ;my; 

business�察  �or   even   think   ;my;   business�察  �he   must   say   ;our;   business�察  �and 

think   ;our;   business   as   well�察  �accepting   labor   as   a   partner   whose   voice 

must   be    heard。   And     if   the  capitalists   do  not   become      more   meek     and 

benevolent in their dealings with labor�察�labor will be antagonized and will 

proceed to wreak terrible political vengeance�察�and the present social flux 

will harden into a status of socialism。 

     Mr。   Brooks   dreams   of   a   society   at   which   Mr。   Ghent   sneers   as   ;a 

slightly modified individualism�察�wherein each unit secures the just reward 

of    his  capacity    and    service。;    To   attain   this  happy     state�察 �Mr。    Brooks 

imposes circumspection upon the capitalists in their relations with labor。 

;If the socialistic spirit is to be held in abeyance in this country�察�businesses 

of    this   character      ��anthracite     coal    mining��     must     be   handled      with 

extraordinary caution。; Which is to say�察�that to withstand the advance of 

socialism�察 �a   great   and greater   measure of   Mr。   Ghent's   BENEVOLENCE 

will be required。 

     Again and again�察�Mr。 Brooks reiterates the danger he sees in harshly 

treating labor。 ;It is not probable that employers can destroy unionism in 

the United States。 Adroit and desperate attempts will�察�however�察�be made�察�if 

we   mean   by  unionism  the   undisciplined   and aggressive   fact   of   vigorous 

and   determined   organizations。   If   capital   should   prove   too   strong   in   this 

struggle�察�the result is easy to predict。 The employers have only to convince 

organized labor that it cannot hold its own against the capitalist manager�察�



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and the whole energy that now goes to the union will turn to an aggressive 

political   socialism。   It   will   not   be   the   harmless   sympathy   with   increased 

city and state functions which trade unions already feel�察�it will become a 

turbulent political force bent upon using every weapon of taxation against 

the rich。; 

     ;The most concrete impulse that now favors socialism in this country 

is   the   insane    purpose     to  deprive    labor    organizations      of  the   full  and 

complete rights that go with federated unionism。; 

     ;That which teaches a union that it cannot succeed as a union turns it 

toward socialism。  In long   strikes in towns like   Marlboro and   Brookfield 

strong unions are defeated。 Hundreds of men leave these towns for shoe´ 

centres like Brockton�察�where they are now voting the socialist ticket。 The 

socialist mayor of this city tells me�察�'The men who come to us now from 

towns where they have been thoroughly whipped in a strike are among our 

most active working socialists。' The bitterness engendered by this sense of 

defeat   is   turned   to   politics�察  �as   it   will   throughout   the   whole   country�察  �if 

organization of labor is deprived of its rights。; 

     ;This   enmity   of   capital   to   the   trade   union   is   watched   with   glee   by 

every   intelligent     socialist   in   our  midst。    Every   union   that     is  beaten   or 

discouraged in its struggle is ripening fruit for socialism。; 

     ;The real peril which we now face is the threat of a class conflict。 If 

capitalism insists upon the policy of outraging the saving aspiration of the 

American   workman   to   raise   his   standard   of   comfort   and   leisure�察  �every 

element of class conflict will strengthen among us。; 

     ;We have only to humiliate what is best in the trade union�察�and then 

every worst feature of socialism is fastened upon us。; 

     This strong tendency in the ranks of the workers toward socialism is 

what Mr。 Brooks characterizes the ;social unrest;�察�and he hopes to see the 

Republican�察      �the   Cleveland      Democrat�察     �and   the   conservative      and   large 

property      interests   ;band    together    against    this  common       foe�察─  �which     is 

socialism。      And     he   is  not   above     feeling    grave    and    well´    contained 

satisfaction   wherever   the   socialist   doctrinaire   has   been   contradicted   by 

men   attempting   to   practise   cooperation   in   the   midst   of   the   competitive 

system�察�as in Belgium。 



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     Nevertheless�察       �he   catches     fleeting    glimpses      of   an   extreme      and 

tyrannically benevolent feudalism very like to Mr。 Ghent's�察�as witness the 

following�此�

     ;I asked one of the largest employers of labor in the South if he feared 

the coming of the trade union。 'No��' he said�察�'it is one good result of race 

prejudice�察�that the negro will enable us in the long run to weaken the trade 

union so that it cannot harm us。 We can keep wages down with the negro 

and we can prevent too much organization。' 

     ;It   is   in   this   spirit   that   the   lower   standards   are   to   be   used。   If   this 

purpose should succeed�察�it has but one issue��the immense strengthening 

of   a   plutocratic   administration   at   the   top�察  �served   by   an   army   of   high´ 

salaried helpers�察�with an elite of skilled and well´ paid workmen�察�but all 

resting on what would essentially be a serf class of low´paid labor and this 

mass kept in order by an increased use of military force。; 

     In brief summary of these two notable books�察�it may be said that Mr。 

Ghent is alarmed�察。�though he does not flatly say so���察�at the too great social 

restfulness in   the  community�察 �which   is permitting   the  capitalists to   form 

the new  society  to   their liking�察  �and   that   Mr。  Brooks   is   alarmed�察 。�and   he 

flatly    says    so���察  �at  the    social   unrest    which     threatens     the   modified 

individualism into which he would like to see society evolve。 Mr。 Ghent 

beholds   the   capitalist   class   rising   to   dominate   the  state   and   the   working 

class�察�Mr。 Brooks beholds the working class rising to dominate the state 

and the capitalist class。 One fears the paternalism of a class�察�the other�察�the 

tyranny of the mass。 



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             WANTED�此�A NEW LAW OF 

                       DEVELOPMENT 



     Evolution is no longer a mere tentative hypothesis。 One by one�察�step 

by    step�察 �each   division    and   subdivision    of  science    has   contributed    its 

evidence�察�until now the case is complete and the verdict rendered。 While 

there is still discussion as to the method of evolution�察�none the less�察�as a 

process sufficient to explain all biological phenomena�察�all differentiations 

of life into widely diverse species�察�families�察�and even kingdoms�察�evolution 

is   flatly   accepted。   Likewise   has   been   accepted   its   law   of   development�此�

THAT�察  �IN   THE   STRUGGLE   FOR   EXISTENCE�察  �THE   STRONG  AND 

FIT    AND     THE     PROGENY         OF   THE     STRONG        AND     FIT   HAVE      A 

BETTER   OPPORTUNITY  FOR   SURVIVAL  THAN   THE   WEAK AND 

LESS FIT AND THE PROGENY OF THE WEAK AND LESS FIT。 

     It   is   in   the   struggle   of   the   species   with   other   species   and   against   all 

other hostile forc

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