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及22何蛍

war of the classes(竣雫況尸)-及22何蛍

弌傍�� war of the classes(竣雫況尸) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




No one was known ever to do more。 A non´union filer came into the shop 

and did twelve a day。 A Manchester firm found that to plane a large bed´ 

casting took union workmen one hundred and ninety hours�察�and non´union 

workmen   one   hundred   and   thirty´five   hours。   In   another   instance   a   man�察�

resigning from his union�察�day by day did double the amount of work he 

had done formerly。 And to cap it all�察�an English gentleman�察�going out to 

look   at   a   wall   being   put   up   for   him   by   union   bricklayers�察  �found   one   of 

their number with his right arm strapped to his body�察�doing all the work 

with his left arm ´forsooth�察�because he was such an energetic fellow that 

otherwise he would involuntarily lay more bricks than his union permitted。 

     All England resounds to the cry�察 �Wake up�察�England� ─�But the sulky 

giant is not stirred。 ;Let England's trade go to pot�察─�he says�察 �what have I 

to   lose�拭─  �And   England   is   powerless。   The   capacity   of   her   workmen   is 

represented by  1�察 �in   comparison   with   the 2。25   capacity  of   the American 

workman。 And because of the solidarity of labor and the destructiveness of 

strikes�察�British capitalists dare not even strive to emulate the enterprise of 

American       capitalists。    So   England     watches     trade   slipping    through     her 

fingers and wails unavailingly。 As a correspondent writes�此 �The enormous 

power of the trade unions hangs�察�a sullen cloud�察�over the whole industrial 

world here�察�affecting men and masters alike。; 

     The   political   movement   known   as   Socialism   is�察  �perhaps�察  �even   less 

realized   by   the   general   public。   The   great   strides   it   has   taken   and    the 



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portentous   front   it   today   exhibits   are   not   comprehended�察  �and�察  �fastened 

though it is in every land�察�it is given little space by the capitalistic press。 

For all its plea and passion and warmth�察�it wells upward like a great�察�cold 

tidal wave�察�irresistible�察�inexorable�察�ingulfing present´day society level by 

level。 By its own preachment it is inexorable。 Just as societies have sprung 

into existence�察�fulfilled their function�察�and passed away�察�it claims�察�just as 

surely is present society hastening on to its dissolution。 This is a transition 

periodand       destined     to   be   a   very   short    one。    Barely    a   century     old�察�

capitalism   is   ripening   so   rapidly   that   it   can   never   live   to   see   a   second 

birthday。 There is no hope for it�察�the Socialists say。 It is doomed。 

     The     cardinal     tenet    of   Socialism      is  that   forbidding      doctrine�察    �the 

materialistic conception of history。 Men are not the masters of their souls。 

They   are   the   puppets   of   great�察  �blind   forces。   The   lives   they   live   and   the 

deaths   they   die   are   compulsory。 All   social   codes   are   but   the   reflexes   of 

existing     economic       conditions�察    �plus   certain    survivals     of  past   economic 

conditions。       The    institutions     men    build    they    are   compelled       to  build。 

Economic laws determine at any given time what these institutions shall 

be�察�how long they shall operate�察�and by what they shall be replaced。 And 

so�察�through   the   economic   process�察�the   Socialist   preaches   the   ripening   of 

the capitalistic society and the coming of the new cooperative society。 

     The second great tenet of Socialism�察�itself a phase of the materialistic 

conception       of   history�察  �is  the   class   struggle。    In   the  social    struggle    for 

existence�察�men are forced into classes。 ;The history of all society thus far 

is the history of class strife。; In existing society the capitalist class exploits 

the working class�察�the proletariat。 The interests of the exploiter are not the 

interests of the exploited。 ;Profits are legitimate�察─�says the one。 ;Profits are 

unpaid   wages�察─  �replies   the   other�察  �when   he   has   become   conscious   of   his 

class�察   �therefore   profits   are   robbery。;   The   capitalist   enforces   his   profits 

because   he   is   the   legal   owner  of   all   the   means   of   production。   He   is   the 

legal   owner   because   he   controls   the   political   machinery   of   society。   The 

Socialist sets   to   work   to   capture  the  political   machinery�察 �so   that he   may 

make   illegal   the   capitalist's   ownership   of   the   means   of   production�察  �and 

make legal his own ownership of the means of production。 And it is this 

struggle�察  �between   these   two   classes�察  �upon   which   the   world   has   at   last 



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entered。 

     Scientific Socialism is very young。 Only yesterday it was in swaddling 

clothes。 But today it is a vigorous young giant�察�well braced to battle for 

what     it  wants�察   �and    knowing      precisely     what    it  wants。    It  holds    its 

international      conventions�察    �where     world´policies     are   formulated     by   the 

representatives of millions of Socialists。 In little Belgium there are three´ 

quarters     of  a  million    of   men    who    work    for  the   cause�察   �in  Germany�察�

3��000��000�察�Austria�察�between 1895 and 1897�察�raised her socialist vote from 

90��000 to   750��000。   France   in   1871   had   a   whole   generation   of   Socialists 

wiped out�察�yet in 1885 there were 30��000�察�and in 1898�察�1��000��000。 

     Ere    the  last   Spaniard    had    evacuated     Cuba�察   �Socialist    groups    were 

forming。 And from far Japan�察�in these first days of the twentieth century�察�

writes one Tomoyoshi Murai�此 �The interest of our people on Socialism has 

been greatly awakened these days�察�especially among our laboring people 

on one hand and young students' circle on the other�察�as much as we can 

draw  an earnest   and   enthusiastic   audience  and   fill   our  hall�察 �which   holds 

two thousand。 。 。 。 It is gratifying to say that we have a number of fine and 

well´trained public orators among our leaders of Socialism in Japan。 The 

first speaker tonight is Mr。 Kiyoshi Kawakami�察�editor of one of our city 

��Tokyo��   dailies�察  �a   strong�察  �independent�察  �and   decidedly   socialistic   paper�察�

circulated far and wide。 Mr。 Kawakami is a scholar as well as a popular 

writer。    He   is  going    to  speak   tonight    on   the  subject�察  �'The    Essence    of 

Socialismthe Fundamental Principles。' The next speaker is Professor Iso 

Abe�察�president of our association�察�whose subject of address is�察�'Socialism 

and the Existing Social System。' The third speaker is Mr。 Naoe Kinosita�察�

the editor of another strong journal of the city。 He speaks on the subject�察�

'How   to   Realize   the   Socialist   Ideals   and   Plans。'   Next   is   Mr。   Shigeyoshi 

Sugiyama�察�a graduate of Hartford Theological Seminary and an advocate 

of   Social    Christianity�察   �who    is  to  speak    on   'Socialism     and   Municipal 

Problems。'   And   the   last   speaker   is   the   editor   of   the   'Labor   World��'   the 

foremost   leader   of   the   labor´union   movement   in   our   country�察  �Mr。   Sen 

Katayama�察      �who    speaks    on   the   subject�察  �'The   Outlook     of  Socialism     in 

Europe and America。' These addresses are going to be published in book 

form and to be distributed among our people to enlighten their minds on 



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the subject。; 

     And in the struggle for the political machinery of society�察�Socialism is 

no longer confined to mere propaganda。 Italy�察�Austria�察�Belgium�察�England�察�

have Socialist members in their national bodies。 Out of the one hundred 

and   thirty´two   members   of   the   London   County   Council�察  �ninety´one   are 

denounced   by   the   conservative   element   as   Socialists。   The   Emperor   of 

Germany  grows   anxious   and   angry  at   the   increasing   numbers   which   are 

returned   to   the   Reichstag。   In   France�察  �many   of   the   large   cities�察  �such   as 

Marseilles�察�are in the hands of the Socialists。 A large body of them is in the 

Chamber of Deputies�察�and Millerand�察�Socialist�察�sits in the cabinet。 Of him 

M。 Leroy´ Beaulieu says with horror�此 �M。 Millerand is the open enemy of 

private property�察�private capital�察�the resolute advocate of the socialization 

of   production   。   。   。   a   constant   incitement   to   violence   。   。   。   a   collectivist�察�

avowed       and    militant�察  �taking    part   in  the   government�察      �dominating       the 

departments        of   commerce       and    industry�察   �preparing      all  the   laws    and 

presiding   at   the   passage   of   all   measures   which   should   be   submitted   to 

merchants and tradesmen。; 

     In the United   States there are   already Socialist mayors   of towns   and 

members of State legislatures�察�a vast literature�察�and single Socialist papers 

with subscription lists running up into the hundreds of thousands。 In 1896�察�

36��000 votes were cast for the Socialist candidate for President�察�in 1900�察�

nearly 200��000�察�in 1904�察�450��000。 And the United States�察�young as it is�察�is 

ripening   rapidly�察  �and   the   Socialists   claim�察  �according   to   the   materialistic 

conception of history�察�that the United States will be the first country in the 

world      wherein     the   toilers    will   capture     the   political   machinery       and 

expropriate the bourgeoisie。 

        But the Socialist and labor movements have recently entered upon a 

new phase。 There has been a remarkable change in attitude on bot

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