battle of the books et al(慕媾)-及26何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
ourselves。 The two chief ends of conversation are�察 �to entertain and
improve those we are among�察 �or to receive those benefits ourselves�察�
which whoever will consider�察�cannot easily run into either of those two
errors�察�because�察�when any man speaketh in company�察�it is to be supposed
he doth it for his hearers' sake�察 �and not his own�察 �so that common
discretion will teach us not to force their attention�察�if they are not willing
to lend it�察�nor�察�on the other side�察�to interrupt him who is in possession�察�
because that is in the grossest manner to give the preference to our own
good sense。
There are some people whose good manners will not suffer them to
interrupt you�察 �but�察 �what is almost as bad�察 �will discover abundance of
impatience�察 �and lie upon the watch until you have done�察 �because they
have started something in their own thoughts which they long to be
delivered of。 Meantime�察 �they are so far from regarding what passes�察�
that their imaginations are wholly turned upon what they have in reserve�察�
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for fear it should slip out of their memory�察�and thus they confine their
invention�察 �which might otherwise range over a hundred things full as
good�察�and that might be much more naturally introduced。
There is a sort of rude familiarity�察�which some people�察�by practising
among their intimates�察 �have introduced into their general conversation�察�
and would have it pass for innocent freedom or humour�察 �which is a
dangerous experiment in our northern climate�察 �where all the little
decorum and politeness we have are purely forced by art�察 �and are so
ready to lapse into barbarity。 This�察 �among the Romans�察�was the raillery
of slaves�察�of which we have many instances in Plautus。 It seemeth to
have been introduced among us by Cromwell�察 �who�察 �by preferring the
scum of the people�察�made it a court´entertainment�察�of which I have heard
many particulars�察�and�察 �considering all things were turned upside down�察�it
was reasonable and judicious�察 �although it was a piece of policy found
out to ridicule a point of honour in the other extreme�察�when the smallest
word misplaced among gentlemen ended in a duel。
There are some men excellent at telling a story�察�and provided with a
plentiful stock of them�察 �which they can draw out upon occasion in all
companies�察�and considering how low conversation runs now among us�察�
it is not altogether a contemptible talent�察 �however�察 �it is subject to two
unavoidable defects�此 �frequent repetition�察�and being soon exhausted�察�so
that whoever valueth this gift in himself hath need of a good memory�察�
and ought frequently to shift his company�察 �that he may not discover the
weakness of his fund�察�for those who are thus endowed have seldom any
other revenue�察�but live upon the main stock。
Great speakers in public are seldom agreeable in private
conversation�察 �whether their faculty be natural�察 �or acquired by practice
and often venturing。 Natural elocution�察 �although it may seem a
paradox�察�usually springeth from a barrenness of invention and of words�察�
by which men who have only one stock of notions upon every subject�察�
and one set of phrases to express them in�察 �they swim upon the
superficies�察 �and offer themselves on every occasion�察 �therefore�察 �men of
much learning�察�and who know the compass of a language�察�are generally
the worst talkers on a sudden�察 �until much practice hath inured and
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emboldened them�察 �because they are confounded with plenty of matter�察�
variety of notions�察�and of words�察 �which they cannot readily choose�察�but
are perplexed and entangled by too great a choice�察 �which is no
disadvantage in private conversation�察�where�察�on the other side�察�the talent
of haranguing is�察�of all others�察�most insupportable。
Nothing hath spoiled men more for conversation than the character
of being wits�察�to support which�察�they never fail of encouraging a number
of followers and admirers�察�who list themselves in their service�察�wherein
they find their accounts on both sides by pleasing their mutual vanity。
This hath given the former such an air of superiority�察�and made the latter
so pragmatical�察 �that neither of them are well to be endured。 I say
nothing here of the itch of dispute and contradiction�察�telling of lies�察�or of
those who are troubled with the disease called the wandering of the
thoughts�察 �that they are never present in mind at what passeth in discourse�察�
for whoever labours under any of these possessions is as unfit for
conversation as madmen in Bedlam。
I think I have gone over most of the errors in conversation that have
fallen under my notice or memory�察�except some that are merely personal�察�
and others too gross to need exploding�察�such as lewd or profane talk�察�but
I pretend only to treat the errors of conversation in general�察�and not the
several subjects of discourse�察 �which would be infinite。 Thus we see
how human nature is most debased�察�by the abuse of that faculty�察�which is
held the great distinction between men and brutes�察 �and how little
advantage we make of that which might be the greatest�察�the most lasting�察�
and the most innocent�察�as well as useful pleasure of life�此 �in default of
which�察 �we are forced to take up with those poor amusements of dress
and visiting�察 �or the more pernicious ones of play�察 �drink�察 �and vicious
amours�察 �whereby the nobility and gentry of both sexes are entirely
corrupted both in body and mind�察 �and have lost all notions of love�察�
honour�察�friendship�察�and generosity�察�which�察�under the name of fopperies�察�
have been for some time laughed out of doors。
This degeneracy of conversation�察 �with the pernicious consequences
thereof upon our humours and dispositions�察 �hath been owing�察 �among
other causes�察 �to the custom arisen�察 �for some time past�察 �of excluding
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women from any share in our society�察�further than in parties at play�察�or
dancing�察 �or in the pursuit of an amour。 I take the highest period of
politeness in England ��and it is of the same date in France�� to have been
the peaceable part of King Charles I。's reign�察�and from what we read of
those times�察�as well as from the accounts I have formerly met with from
some who lived in that court�察 �the methods then used for raising and
cultivating conversation were altogether different from ours�察 �several
ladies�察 �whom we find celebrated by the poets of that age�察�had assemblies
at their houses�察 �where persons of the best understanding�察 �and of both
sexes�察�met to pass the evenings in discoursing upon whatever agreeable
subjects were occasionally started�察 �and although we are apt to ridicule
the sublime Platonic notions they had�察 �or personated in love and
friendship�察�I conceive their refinements were grounded upon reason�察�and
that a little grain of the romance is no ill ingredient to preserve and exalt
the dignity of human nature�察�without which it is apt to degenerate into
everything that is sordid�察�vicious�察�and low。 If there were no other use in
the conversation of ladies�察 �it is sufficient that it would lay a restraint
upon those odious topics of immodesty and indecencies�察 �into which the
rudeness of our northern genius is so apt to fall。 And�察 �therefore�察�it is
observable in those sprightly gentlemen about the town�察�who are so very
dexterous at entertaining a vizard mask in the park or the playhouse�察�that�察�
in the company of ladies of virtue and honour�察 �they are silent and
disconcerted�察�and out of their element。
There are some people who think they sufficiently acquit themselves
and entertain their company with relating of facts of no consequence�察�
nor at all out of the road of s