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battle of the books et al(慕媾)-及26何蛍

弌傍�� battle of the books et al(慕媾) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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ourselves。      The   two   chief   ends   of   conversation   are�察  �to     entertain   and 

improve   those   we   are   among�察  �or   to   receive   those       benefits   ourselves�察�

which whoever will consider�察�cannot easily run                  into either of those two 

errors�察�because�察�when any man speaketh in                company�察�it is to be supposed 

he    doth   it  for  his  hearers'   sake�察  �and    not    his  own�察   �so   that  common 

discretion will teach us not to force           their attention�察�if they are not willing 

to lend it�察�nor�察�on the        other side�察�to interrupt him who is in possession�察�

because that is       in the grossest manner to give the preference to our own 

good     sense。 

     There   are   some   people   whose   good   manners   will   not   suffer   them   to 

interrupt   you�察  �but�察  �what   is   almost   as   bad�察  �will   discover   abundance     of 

impatience�察  �and   lie   upon   the   watch   until   you   have   done�察  �because      they 

have   started   something   in   their   own   thoughts   which   they   long         to   be 

delivered   of。     Meantime�察  �they   are   so   far   from   regarding   what      passes�察�

that their imaginations are wholly turned upon what they                  have in reserve�察�



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for fear it should slip out of their memory�察�and                 thus they confine their 

invention�察  �which   might   otherwise   range   over         a   hundred   things   full   as 

good�察�and that might be much more               naturally introduced。 

     There is a sort of rude familiarity�察�which some people�察�by                   practising 

among their intimates�察 �have   introduced   into their             general   conversation�察�

and   would   have   it   pass   for   innocent   freedom       or   humour�察  �which   is   a 

dangerous       experiment      in  our   northern     climate�察    �where     all  the   little 

decorum   and   politeness   we   have   are   purely        forced   by   art�察  �and   are   so 

ready to lapse into barbarity。         This�察    �among the Romans�察�was the raillery 

of slaves�察�of which we have many                instances in Plautus。        It seemeth to 

have   been   introduced   among   us        by   Cromwell�察  �who�察  �by   preferring   the 

scum of the people�察�made it a           court´entertainment�察�of which I have heard 

many particulars�察�and�察        �considering all things were turned upside down�察�it 

was   reasonable       and   judicious�察  �although   it   was   a   piece   of   policy   found 

out to     ridicule a point of honour in the other extreme�察�when the smallest 

word misplaced among gentlemen ended in a duel。 

     There are some men excellent at telling a story�察�and provided with                      a 

plentiful   stock   of   them�察  �which   they  can   draw   out   upon   occasion   in     all 

companies�察�and considering how low conversation runs now among                            us�察�

it   is   not   altogether   a   contemptible   talent�察  �however�察  �it   is subject   to   two 

unavoidable defects�此        �frequent repetition�察�and being           soon exhausted�察�so 

that whoever valueth this gift in himself hath                need of a good memory�察�

and ought frequently to shift his company�察              �that he may not discover the 

weakness of his fund�察�for those who              are thus endowed have seldom any 

other revenue�察�but live upon the           main stock。 

     Great      speakers      in   public     are    seldom      agreeable       in   private 

conversation�察  �whether   their   faculty   be   natural�察  �or   acquired   by      practice 

and     often   venturing。      Natural     elocution�察    �although     it  may     seem      a 

paradox�察�usually springeth from a barrenness of invention                   and of words�察�

by which men who have only one stock of notions upon                        every subject�察�

and     one   set   of  phrases     to  express    them     in�察 �they   swim      upon     the 

superficies�察  �and   offer   themselves   on   every   occasion�察      �therefore�察  �men   of 

much learning�察�and who know the compass of a                    language�察�are generally 

the    worst   talkers   on   a  sudden�察   �until   much     practice     hath   inured   and 



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emboldened   them�察  �because   they   are          confounded   with   plenty  of   matter�察�

variety of notions�察�and of words�察            �which they cannot readily choose�察�but 

are    perplexed      and    entangled      by    too    great   a   choice�察   �which     is  no 

disadvantage in private          conversation�察�where�察�on the other side�察�the talent 

of haranguing        is�察�of all others�察�most insupportable。 

     Nothing   hath   spoiled   men   more   for   conversation   than   the   character 

of being wits�察�to support which�察�they never fail of encouraging a                     number 

of followers and admirers�察�who list themselves in their                    service�察�wherein 

they  find   their   accounts   on   both   sides   by   pleasing     their   mutual   vanity。 

This hath given the former such an air of               superiority�察�and made the latter 

so    pragmatical�察    �that   neither   of   them   are     well   to  be   endured。     I   say 

nothing here of the itch of          dispute and contradiction�察�telling of lies�察�or of 

those   who   are      troubled   with   the   disease   called   the   wandering   of   the 

thoughts�察     �that they are never present in mind at what passeth in discourse�察�

for    whoever      labours    under    any    of  these    possessions      is  as  unfit   for 

conversation as madmen in Bedlam。 

     I think I have gone over most of the errors in conversation that                     have 

fallen under my notice or memory�察�except some that are merely                       personal�察�

and others too gross to need exploding�察�such as lewd or                    profane talk�察�but 

I pretend only to treat the errors of            conversation in general�察�and not the 

several   subjects   of   discourse�察     �which   would   be   infinite。       Thus   we   see 

how human nature is most             debased�察�by the abuse of that faculty�察�which is 

held    the   great     distinction     between      men    and    brutes�察  �and    how    little 

advantage we         make of that which might be the greatest�察�the most lasting�察�

and the      most innocent�察�as well as useful pleasure of life�此                �in default of 

which�察  �we   are   forced   to   take   up   with   those   poor   amusements   of   dress 

and   visiting�察  �or   the   more   pernicious   ones   of   play�察  �drink�察  �and      vicious 

amours�察     �whereby      the  nobility    and    gentry   of   both   sexes    are   entirely 

corrupted   both   in   body   and   mind�察  �and   have   lost   all   notions        of   love�察�

honour�察�friendship�察�and generosity�察�which�察�under the name                       of fopperies�察�

have been for some time laughed out of doors。 

     This   degeneracy   of   conversation�察  �with   the   pernicious   consequences 

thereof     upon    our   humours      and   dispositions�察    �hath   been    owing�察   �among 

other   causes�察  �to   the   custom   arisen�察  �for   some   time   past�察  �of     excluding 



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women from any share in our society�察�further than in                   parties at play�察�or 

dancing�察  �or   in   the   pursuit   of   an   amour。  I   take   the   highest   period   of 

politeness in England ��and it is of the same              date in France�� to have been 

the peaceable part of King Charles              I。's reign�察�and from what we read of 

those times�察�as well as from          the accounts I have formerly met with from 

some   who   lived   in   that    court�察  �the   methods   then   used   for   raising   and 

cultivating      conversation       were   altogether     different   from    ours�察  �several 

ladies�察   �whom we find celebrated by the poets of that age�察�had assemblies 

at    their   houses�察  �where   persons   of   the   best   understanding�察  �and   of   both 

sexes�察�met to pass the evenings in discoursing upon whatever                      agreeable 

subjects   were   occasionally  started�察  �and   although   we   are        apt   to   ridicule 

the    sublime     Platonic    notions    they   had�察  �or    personated      in   love   and 

friendship�察�I conceive their refinements             were grounded upon reason�察�and 

that a little grain of the romance          is no ill ingredient to preserve and exalt 

the dignity of human          nature�察�without which it is apt to degenerate into 

everything that       is sordid�察�vicious�察�and low。         If there were no other use in 

the    conversation of   ladies�察 �it   is   sufficient that   it   would lay  a    restraint 

upon those odious topics of immodesty and indecencies�察                    �into which the 

rudeness   of our   northern genius is so   apt   to   fall。        And�察 �therefore�察�it   is 

observable in those sprightly gentlemen about                the town�察�who are so very 

dexterous at entertaining a vizard mask             in the park or the playhouse�察�that�察�

in   the   company      of  ladies   of   virtue    and   honour�察   �they   are   silent  and 

disconcerted�察�and out of         their element。 

     There are some people who think they sufficiently acquit themselves 

and   entertain   their   company   with   relating   of   facts   of   no   consequence�察�

nor at all out of the road of s

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