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      The ambassadors of the nations that lie near Utopia�察�knowing their 


      customs�察�and that fine clothes are in no esteem among them�察�that 


      silk is despised�察�and gold is a badge of infamy�察�used to come very 


      modestly clothed�察�but the Anemolians�察�lying more remote�察�and 


      having had little commerce with them�察�understanding that they were 


      coarsely clothed�察�and all in the same manner�察�took it for granted 


      that they had none of those fine things among them of which they 


      made no use�察�and they being a vainglorious rather than a wise 


      people�察�resolved to set themselves out with so much pomp�察�that 


      they should look like gods�察�and strike the eyes of the poor 


      Utopians with their splendor。 Thus three ambassadors made their 


      entry with 100 attendants�察�all clad in garments of different 


      colors�察�and the greater part in silk�察�the ambassadors themselves�察�


      who were of the nobility of their country�察�were in cloth´of´gold�察�


      and adorned with massy chains�察�ear´rings�察�and rings of gold�此�their 


      caps were covered with bracelets set full of pearls and other 


      gems�此�in a word�察�they were set out with all those things that�察�


      among the Utopians�察�were the badges of slavery�察�the marks of 


      infamy�察�or the playthings of children。





      It was not unpleasant to see�察�on the one side�察�how they looked 


      big�察�when they compared their rich habits with the plain clothes 


      of the Utopians�察�who were come out in great numbers to see them 


      make their entry�此�and�察�on the other�察�to observe how much they were 


      mistaken in the impression which they hoped this pomp would have 


      made on them。 It appeared so ridiculous a show to all that had 


      never stirred out of their country�察�and had not seen the customs 


      of other nations�察�that though they paid some reverence to those 


      that were the most meanly clad�察�as if they had been the 


      ambassadors�察�yet when they saw the ambassadors themselves�察�so full 


      of gold and chains�察�they looked upon them as slaves�察�and forbore 


      to treat them with reverence。 You might have seen the children�察�


      who were grown big enough to despise their playthings�察�and who had 


      thrown away their jewels�察�call to their mothers�察�push them gently�察�


      and cry out�察 �See that great fool that wears pearls and gems�察�as 


      if he were yet a child。; While their mothers very innocently 


      replied�察 �Hold your peace�察�this�察�I believe�察�is one of the 


      ambassador's fools。; Others censured the fashion of their chains�察�


      and observed that they were of no use�察�for they were too slight to 


      bind their slaves�察�who could easily break them�察�and besides hung 


      so loose about them that they thought it easy to throw them away�察�


      and so get from them。





      But after the ambassadors had stayed a day among them�察�and saw so 


      vast a quantity of gold in their houses�察�which was as much 


      despised by them as it was esteemed in other nations�察�and beheld 


      more gold and silver in the chains and fetters of one slave than 


      all their ornaments amounted to�察�their plumes fell�察�and they were 


      ashamed of all that glory for which they had formerly valued 


      themselves�察�and accordingly laid it aside�察�a resolution that they 


      immediately took�察�when on their engaging in some free discourse 


      with the Utopians�察�they discovered their sense of such things and 


      their other customs。 The Utopians wonder how any man should be so 


      much taken with the glaring doubtful lustre of a jewel or a stone�察�


      that can look up to a star or to the sun himself�察�or how any 


      should value himself because his cloth is made of a finer thread�此�


      for how fine soever that thread may be�察�it was once no better than 


      the fleece of a sheep�察�and that sheep was a sheep still for all 


      its wearing it。 They wonder much to hear that gold which in itself 


      is so useless a thing�察�should be everywhere so much esteemed�察�that 


      even men for whom it was made�察�and by whom it has its value�察�


      should yet be thought of less value than this metal。 That a man of 


      lead�察�who has no more sense than a log of wood�察�and is as bad as 


      he is foolish�察�should have many wise and good men to serve him�察�


      only because he has a great heap of that metal�察�and that if it 


      should happen that by some accident or trick of law ��which 


      sometimes produces as great changes as chance itself�� all this 


      wealth should pass from the master to the meanest varlet of his 


      whole family�察�he himself would very soon become one of his 


      servants�察�as if he were a thing that belonged to his wealth�察�and 


      so were bound to follow its fortune。 But they much more admire and 


      detest the folly of those who�察�when they see a rich man�察�though 


      they neither owe him anything nor are in any sort dependent on his 


      bounty�察�yet merely because he is rich give him little less than 


      divine honors�察�even though they know him to be so covetous and 


      base´minded that notwithstanding all his wealth he will not part 


      with one farthing of it to them as long as he lives。





      These and such like notions has that people imbibed�察�partly from 


      their education�察�being bred in a country whose customs and laws 


      are opposite to all such foolish maxims�察�and partly from their 


      learning and studies�察�for though there are but few in any town 


      that are so wholly excused from labor as to give themselves 


      entirely up to their studies�察�these being only such persons as 


      discover from their childhood an extraordinary capacity and 


      disposition for letters�察�yet their children�察�and a great part of 


      the nation�察�both men and women�察�are taught to spend those hours in 


      which they are not obliged to work�察�in reading�此�and this they do 


      through the whole progress of life。 They have all their learning 


      in their own tongue�察�which is both a copious and pleasant 


      language�察�and in which a man can fully express his mind。 It runs 


      over a great tract of many countries�察�but it is not equally pure 


      in all places。 They had never so much as heard of the names of any 


      of those philosophers that are so famous in these parts of the 


      world�察�before we went among them�察�and yet they had made the same 


      discoveries as the Greeks�察�in music�察�logic�察�arithmetic�察�and 


      geometry。 But as they are almost in everything equal to the 


      ancient philosophers�察�so they far exceed our modern logicians�察�for 


      they have never yet fallen upon the barbarous niceties that our 


      youth are forced to learn in those trifling logical schools that 


      are among us�察�they are so far from minding chimeras�察�and 


      fantastical images made in the mind�察�that none of them could 


      comprehend what we meant when we talked to them of man in the 


      abstract�察�as common to all men in particular ��so that though we 


      spoke of him as a thing that we could point at with our fingers�察�


      yet none of them could perceive him���察�and yet distinct from 


      everyone�察�as if he were some monstrous Colossus or giant。





      Yet for all this ignorance of these empty notions�察�they knew 


      astronomy�察�and were perfectly acquainted with the motions of the 


      heavenly bodies�察�and have many instruments�察�well contrived and 


      divided�察�by which they very accurately compute the course and 


      positions of the sun�察�moon�察�and stars。 But for the cheat�察�of 


      divining by the stars by their oppositions or conjunctions�察�it has 


      not so much as entered into their thoughts。 They have a particular 


      sagacity�察�founded upon much observation�察�in judging of the 


      weather�察�by which they know when they may look for rain�察�wind�察�or 


      other alterations in the air�察�but as to the philosophy of these 


      things�察�the causes of the saltness of the sea�察�of its ebbing and 


      flowing�察�and of the origin and nature both of the heavens and the 


      earth�察�they dispute of them�察�partly as our ancient philosophers 


      have done�察�and partly upon some new hypothesis�察�in which�察�as they 


      differ from them�察�so they do not in all things agree among 


      themselves。





      As to moral philosophy�察�they have the same disputes among them as 


      we have here�此�they examine what are properly good both for the 


      body and the mind�察�and whether any outward thing can be called 


      truly good�察�or if that term belong only to the endowments of the 


      soul。 They inquire likewise into the nature of virtue and 


      pleasure�察�but their chief dispute is concerning the happiness of a 


      man�察�and wherein it consists�拭�Whether in some one thing�察�or in a 


      great many�拭�They seem�察�indeed�察�more inclinable to that opinion 


      that places�察�if not the whole�察�yet the chief part of a man's 


      happiness in pleasure�察�and�察�what may seem more strange�察�they make 


      use of arguments even from religion�察�notwithstanding its severity 


      and roughness�察�for the support of that opinion so indulgent to 


      pleasure�察�for they never dispute concerning happiness without 


      fetching some arguments from the principles of religion�察�as well 


      as from natural reason�察�since without the former they reckon that 


      all our inquiries after happiness must be but conjectural and 


      defective。





      These are their religious principles�察�that the soul of man is 


      immortal�察�and tha

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