伊浪窮徨慕 > 将砿凪麿窮徨慕 > more2-6 >

及3何蛍

more2-6-及3何蛍

弌傍�� more2-6 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��





      defective。





      These are their religious principles�察�that the soul of man is 


      immortal�察�and that God of his goodness has designed that it should 


      be happy�察�and that he has therefore appointed rewards for good and 


      virtuous actions�察�and punishments for vice�察�to be distributed 


      after this life。 Though these principles of religion are conveyed 


      down among them by tradition�察�they think that even reason itself 


      determines a man to believe and acknowledge them�察�and freely 


      confess that if these were taken away no man would be so 


      insensible as not to seek after pleasure by all possible means�察�


      lawful or unlawful�察�using only this caution�察�that a lesser 


      pleasure might not stand in the way of a greater�察�and that no 


      pleasure ought to be pursued that should draw a great deal of pain 


      after it�察�for they think it the maddest thing in the world to 


      pursue virtue�察�that is a sour and difficult thing�察�and not only to 


      renounce the pleasures of life�察�but willingly to undergo much pain 


      and trouble�察�if a man has no prospect of a reward。 And what reward 


      can there be for one that has passed his whole life�察�not only 


      without pleasure�察�but in pain�察�if there is nothing to be expected 


      after death�拭�Yet they do not place happiness in all sorts of 


      pleasures�察�but only in those that in themselves are good and 


      honest。





      There is a party among them who place happiness in bare virtue�察�


      others think that our natures are conducted by virtue to 


      happiness�察�as that which is the chief good of man。 They define 


      virtue thus�察�that it is a living according to nature�察�and think 


      that we are made by God for that end�察�they believe that a man then 


      follows the dictates of nature when he pursues or avoids things 


      according to the direction of reason�察�they say that the first 


      dictate of reason is the kindling in us of a love and reverence 


      for the Divine Majesty�察�to whom we owe both all that we have and 


      all that we can ever hope for。 In the next place�察�reason directs 


      us to keep our minds as free from passion and as cheerful as we 


      can�察�and that we should consider ourselves as bound by the ties of 


      good´nature and humanity to use our utmost endeavors to help 


      forward the happiness of all other persons�察�for there never was 


      any man such a morose and severe pursuer of virtue�察�such an enemy 


      to pleasure�察�that though he set hard rules for men to undergo much 


      pain�察�many watchings�察�and other rigors�察�yet did not at the same 


      time advise them to do all they could�察�in order to relieve and 


      ease the miserable�察�and who did not represent gentleness and good´


      nature as amiable dispositions。 And from thence they infer that if 


      a man ought to advance the welfare and comfort of the rest of 


      mankind�察�there being no virtue more proper and peculiar to our 


      nature�察�than to ease the miseries of others�察�to free from trouble 


      and anxiety�察�in furnishing them with the comforts of life�察�in 


      which pleasure consists�察�nature much more vigorously leads them to 


      do all this for himself。





      A life of pleasure is either a real evil�察�and in that case we 


      ought not to assist others in their pursuit of it�察�but on the 


      contrary�察�to keep them from it all we can�察�as from that which is 


      most hurtful and deadly�察�or if it is a good thing�察�so that we not 


      only may�察�but ought to help others to it�察�why�察�then�察�ought not a 


      man to begin with himself�拭�Since no man can be more bound to look 


      after the good of another than after his own�察�for nature cannot 


      direct us to be good and kind to others�察�and yet at the same time 


      to be unmerciful and cruel to ourselves。 Thus�察�as they define 


      virtue to be living according to nature�察�so they imagine that 


      nature prompts all people on to seek after pleasure�察�as the end of 


      all they do。 They also observe that in order to our supporting the 


      pleasures of life�察�nature inclines us to enter into society�察�for 


      there is no man so much raised above the rest of mankind as to be 


      the only favorite of nature who�察�on the contrary�察�seems to have 


      placed on a level all those that belong to the same species。 Upon 


      this they infer that no man ought to seek his own conveniences so 


      eagerly as to prejudice others�察�and therefore they think that not 


      only all agreements between private persons ought to be observed�察�


      but likewise that all those laws ought to be kept�察�which either a 


      good prince has published in due form�察�or to which a people that 


      is neither oppressed with tyranny nor circumvented by fraud�察�has 


      consented�察�for distributing those conveniences of life which 


      afford us all our pleasures。





      They think it is an evidence of true wisdom for a man to pursue 


      his own advantages as far as the laws allow it。 They account it 


      piety to prefer the public good to one's private concerns�察�but 


      they think it unjust for a man to seek for pleasure by snatching 


      another man's pleasures from him。 And on the contrary�察�they think 


      it a sign of a gentle and good soul�察�for a man to dispense with 


      his own advantage for the good of others�察�and that by this means a 


      good man finds as much pleasure one way as he parts with another�察�


      for as he may expect the like from others when he may come to need 


      it�察�so if that should fail him�察�yet the sense of a good action�察�


      and the reflections that he makes on the love and gratitude of 


      those whom he has so obliged�察�gives the mind more pleasure than 


      the body could have found in that from which it had restrained 


      itself。 They are also persuaded that God will make up the loss of 


      those small pleasures�察�with a vast and endless joy�察�of which 


      religion easily convinces a good soul。





      Thus�察�upon an inquiry into the whole matter�察�they reckon that all 


      our actions�察�and even all our virtues�察�terminate in pleasure�察�as 


      in our chief end and greatest happiness�察�and they call every 


      motion or state�察�either of body or mind�察�in which nature teaches 


      us to delight�察�a pleasure。 Thus they cautiously limit pleasure 


      only to those appetites to which nature leads us�察�for they say 


      that nature leads us only to those delights to which reason as 


      well as sense carries us�察�and by which we neither injure any other 


      person nor lose the possession of greater pleasures�察�and of such 


      as draw no troubles after them�察�but they look upon those delights 


      which men by a foolish though common mistake call pleasure�察�as if 


      they could change as easily the nature of things as the use of 


      words�察�as things that greatly obstruct their real happiness 


      instead of advancing it�察�because they so entirely possess the 


      minds of those that are once captivated by them with a false 


      notion of pleasure�察�that there is no room left for pleasures of a 


      truer or purer kind。





      There are many things that in themselves have nothing that is 


      truly delightful�察�on the contrary�察�they have a good deal of 


      bitterness in them�察�and yet from our perverse appetites after 


      forbidden objects�察�are not only ranked among the pleasures�察�but 


      are made even the greatest designs of life。 Among those who pursue 


      these sophisticated pleasures�察�they reckon such as I mentioned 


      before�察�who think themselves really the better for having fine 


      clothes�察�in which they think they are doubly mistaken�察�both in the 


      opinion that they have of their clothes�察�and in that they have of 


      themselves�察�for if you consider the use of clothes�察�why should a 


      fine thread be thought better than a coarse one�拭�And yet these 


      men�察�as if they had some real advantages beyond others�察�and did 


      not owe them wholly to their mistakes�察�look big�察�seem to fancy 


      themselves to be more valuable�察�and imagine that a respect is due 


      to them for the sake of a rich garment�察�to which they would not 


      have pretended if they had been more meanly clothed�察�and even 


      resent it as an affront�察�if that respect is not paid them。 It is 


      also a great folly to be taken with outward marks of respect�察�


      which signify nothing�此�for what true or real pleasure can one man 


      find in another's standing bare�察�or making legs to him�拭�Will the 


      bending another man's knees give ease to yours�拭�And will the 


      head's being bare cure the madness of yours�拭�And yet it is 


      wonderful to see how this false notion of pleasure bewitches many 


      who delight themselves with the fancy of their nobility�察�and are 


      pleased with this conceit�察�that they are descended from ancestors 


      who have been held for some successions rich�察�and who have had 


      great possessions�察�for this is all that makes nobility at present�察�


      yet they do not think themselves a whit the less noble�察�though 


      their immediate parents have left none of this wealth to them�察�or 


      though they themselves have squandered it away。





      The Utopians have no better opinion of those who are much taken 


      with gems and precious stones�察�and who account it a degree of 


      happiness�察�next to a divine one�察�if they can purchase one that is 


      very extraordinary�察�especially if it be of that sort of 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議