伊浪窮徨慕 > 将砿凪麿窮徨慕 > russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) >

及10何蛍

russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及10何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




use�察�and he said      to me that if I wanted to see Kamenev I had better come 

along。    We found Kamenev in the hall�察�and after a few minutes in a little 

Ford car we were at the Moscow Soviet。              The Soviet meets in the small 

lecture theatre of the old Polytechnic。        When we arrived�察�a party meeting 

was going   on�察�and   Kamenev�察 �Litvinov�察�and   I went   behind the stage to   a 

little empty room�察�where we were joined by a member of the Soviet whose 

name I forget。 

       It was Kamenev's first talk with Litvinov after his return�察�and I think 

they forgot that I was there。       Kamenev asked Litvinov what he meant to 

do�察�and Litvinov told him he wished to establish a special department of 

control    to  receive   all  complaints�察   �to   examine    into   the  efficiency   of 

different commissariats�察�to get rid of parallelism�察�etc。�察�and�察�in fact�察�to be 

the   most   unpopular   department   in   Moscow。      Kamenev   laughed。        ;You 

need not think you are the first to have that idea。          Every returning envoy 

without   exception   has   the   same。   Coming   back   from   abroad   they   notice 

more   than   we   do   the   inefficiencies   here�察  �and   at   once   think they  will   set 

everything right。      Rakovsky sat here for months dreaming of nothing else。 

Joffe was the same when he came back from that tidy Berlin。                 Now you�察�

and when Vorovsky comes ��Vorovsky was still in Petrograd�� I am ready to 

wager that he too has a scheme for general control waiting in his pocket。 

The thing cannot be done。          The only way is�察�when something obviously 

needs doing�察�to put in some one we can trust to get it done。             Soap is hard 


´ Page 38´

                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



to   get。   Good。      Establish   a   commission   and   soap   instantly   disappears。 

But put in one man to see that soap is forthcoming�察�and somehow or other 

we get it。; 



     ;Where is the soap industry concentrated�拭─�

        ;There    are   good    factories�察  �well    equipped�察    �here�察  �but   they   are   not 

working�察  �partly   for   lack   of   material   and   partly�察  �perhaps�察  �because   some 

crazy fool imagined that to take an inventory you must bring everything to 

a standstill。; 

        Litvinov asked him what he thought of the position as a whole。                       He 

said good�察 �if   only  transport   could be improved�察  �but   before  the  public of 

Moscow could feel an appreciable improvement it would be necessary that 

a  hundred   wagons of   foodstuffs   should be   coming   in   daily。             At   present 

there are seldom more than twenty。               I asked Kamenev about the schools�察�

and   he   explained   that   one   of   their   difficulties   was   due   to   the   militarism 

forced   upon   them   by   external   attacks。   He   explained   that   the   new   Red 

Army       soldiers�察  �being     mostly    workmen�察      �are   accustomed        to  a   higher 

standard of comfort than the old army soldiers�察�who were mostly peasants。 

They objected to the planks which served as beds in the old�察�abominable�察�

over´crowded   and   unhealthy   barracks。   Trotsky�察  �looking   everywhere   for 

places to put his darlings�察�found nothing more suitable than the schools�察�

and�察   �in  Kamenev's       words�察     �We    have    to  fight   hard   for   every   school。; 

Another   difficulty�察  �he   said�察  �was   the   lack   of   school   books。   Histories�察  �for 

example�察      �written    under     the   censorship      and    in  accordance       with    the 

principles   of   the   old   regime�察  �were   now   useless�察  �and   new   ones   were   not 

ready�察�apart   from  the   difficulty  of   getting paper   and   of printing。           A  lot�察�

however�察     �was    being    done。     There     was   no   need    for   a  single   child   in 

Moscow to go hungry。 150��000 to 180��000 children got free meals daily in 

the schools。       Over 10��000 pairs of felt boots had been given to children 

who   needed   them。        The   number   of   libraries   had   enormously   increased。 

Physically workmen lived in far worse conditions than in 1912�察�but as far 

as   their   spiritual   welfare   was   concerned   there   could   be   no   comparison。 

Places like the famous Yar restaurant�察�where once the rich went to amuse 

themselves with orgies of feeding and drinking and flirting with gypsies�察�


´ Page 39´

                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



were     now    made     into   working     men's    clubs   and    theatres�察  �where     every 

working man had a right to go。 As for the demand for literature from the 

provinces�察�it was far beyond the utmost efforts of the presses and the paper 

stores to supply。 



     When   the   party   meeting   ended�察  �we   went   back   to   the   lecture   room 

where the members of the Soviet had already settled themselves in their 

places。     I was struck at once by the absence of the general public which 

in the old days used to crowd the galleries to overflowing。                    The political 

excitement   of   the   revolution   has   passed�察  �and   today   there   were   no   more 

spectators   than   are   usually   to   be   found   in   the   gallery   of   the   House   of 

Commons。           The     character     of   the    Soviet    itself   had    not   changed。 

Practically   every   man   sitting   on   the   benches   was   obviously   a   workman 

and keenly intent on what was being said。                 Litvinov practically repeated 

his   speech   of   last   night�察 �making   it�察 �however�察  �a   little   more   demagogic   in 

character�察�pointing out that after the Allied victory�察�the only corner of the 

world not dominated by Allied capital was Soviet Russia。 

       The Soviet passed a resolution expressing ;firm confidence that the 

Soviet Government will succeed in getting peace and so in opening a wide 

road to the construction of   a proletarian state。; A  note was passed up to 

Kamenev         who�察   �glancing      at   it�察 �announced       that   the    newly     elected 

representative       of  the   Chinese     workmen       in  Moscow       wished    to   speak。 

This was Chitaya Kuni�察�a solid little Chinaman with a big head�察�in black 

leather   coat   and   breeches。      I   had   often   seen   him   before�察  �and   wondered 

who   he   was。     He   was   received   with   great   cordiality   and   made   a   quiet�察�

rather shy speech in which he told them he was learning from them how to 

introduce   socialism   in   China�察  �and   more   compliments   of   the   same   sort。 

Reinstein replied�察�telling how at an American labour congress some years 

back the Americans shut the door in the face of a representative of a union 

of foreign workmen。           ;Such�察─�he said�察 �was the feeling in America at the 

time   when   Gompers   was   supreme�察  �but   that   time   has   passed。;   Still�察  �as   I 

listened   to   Reinstein�察  �I   wondered   in   how   many   other   countries   besides 

Russia�察�a  representative of   foreign labour  would be thus welcomed。 The 

reason has probably little to do with the good´heartedness of the Russians。 


´ Page 40´

                                       RUSSIA IN 1919 



Owing to the general unification of wages Mr。 Kuni could not   represent 

the   competition   of   cheap   labour。   I   talked   to   the   Chinaman   afterwards。 

He is president of the Chinese Soviet。          He told me they had just about a 

thousand     Chinese    workmen      in  Moscow�察    �and   therefore   had   a  right  to 

representation in the government of the town。            I asked about the Chinese 

in the Red Army�察�and he said there were two or three thousand�察�not more。 


´ Page 41´

                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



                     AN EX´CAPITALIST 



     February 13th。 

       I drank tea with an old acquaintance from the provinces�察�a Russian 

who�察�before the revolution�察�owned a leather´bag factory which worked in 

close connection with his uncle's tannery。            He gave me a short history of 

events at home。       The uncle had started with small capital�察�and during the 

war   had   made   enough   to   buy   outright   the   tannery   in   which   he   had   had 

shares。    The story of his adventures since the October revolution is a very 

good     illustration   of  the   rough    and   ready   way    in  which    theory    gets 

translated into practice。       I am writing it�察�as nearly as possible�察�as it was 

told by the nephew。 

       During the first revolution�察�that is from March till October 1917�察�he 

fought hard   against   the        workmen�察  �and   was   one   of   the   founders   of   a 

Soviet of factory owners�察�the object of which was to defeat the efforts of 

the   workers'    Soviets。*     �В�*��By     agreeing    upon   lock´outs��etc。�А   �This�察  �of 

course�察�was smashed by the October Revolution�察�and ;Uncle�察�after being 

forced�察  �as   a   property   owner�察  �to   pay   considerable   contributions�察  �watched 

the newspapers closely�察�realized that after the nationalization of the banks 

resistance was hopeless�察�and resigned himself to do what he could�察�not to 

lose his factory altogether。; 

       He   called   together   all   the   workmen�察  �and   proposed   that   they   should 

form an artel or co´operative society and take the factory into their own 

hands�察�each man contributing a thousand roubles towards the capital with 

which to run it。      Of course the workmen had not got a thousand roubles 

apiece�察 �so uncle offered to pay it in for them�察�on the understanding that 

they   would   eventually   pay   him   back。;      This   was   illegal�察  �but   the   little 

town was a long way from the centre of things�察�and it seemed a good way 

out of the di

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

低辛嬬浪散議