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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及11何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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town was a long way from the centre of things�察�and it seemed a good way 

out of the difficulty。     He did not expect to get it back�察�but he hoped in this 

way to keep control of the tannery�察�which he wished to develop�察�having a 

paternal interest in it。 

       Things   worked   very   well。     They   elected     a   committee   of   control。 

;Uncle was elected president�察�I was elected vice´president�察�and there were 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



three workmen。          We are working on those lines to this day。                 They give 

uncle     1��500    roubles    a  month�察    �me   a  thousand�察     �and   the   bookkeeper      a 

thousand。       The   only   difficulty   is   that   the   men   will   treat   uncle   as   the 

owner�察�and this may  mean trouble  if things   go wrong。  Uncle is   for  ever 

telling them�察     �It's your factory�察�don't call me Master��' and they reply�察�'Yes�察�

it's our factory all right�察�but you are still Master�察�and that must be。'; 

       Trouble     came    fast   enough�察   �with    the  tax   levied   on   the   propertied 

classes。     ;Uncle�察─�very  wisely�察 �had   ceased   to   be   a property  owner。            He 

had   given   up   his   house   to   the   factory�察  �and   been   allotted   rooms   in   it�察  �as 

president   of   the   factory   Soviet。     He   was   therefore   really   unable   to   pay 

when the people from the District Soviet came to tell him that he had been 

assessed      to  pay   a   tax  of   sixty   thousand     roubles。     He     explained     the 

position。     The     nephew      was   also   present    and    joined   in  the   argument�察�

whereupon the tax´collectors consulted a bit of paper and retorted�察 �A tax 

of twenty thousand has been assessed on you too。                     Be so good as to put 

your coat on。; 

       That meant arrest�察�and the nephew said he had five thousand roubles 

and would pay that�察�but could pay no more。                 Would that do�拭�

       ;Very well�察─�said the tax´collector�察 �fetch it。; 

       The nephew fetched it。 

       ;And now put your coat on。; 

       ;But you said it would be all right if I paid the five thousand� ─�

       ;That's   the   only   way   to   deal   with   people   like   you。   We   recognize 

that   your   case   is   hard�察  �and   we   dare   say   that   you   will   get   off。 But   the 

Soviet has told us to collect the whole tax or the people who refuse to pay 

it�察�and they have decreed that if we came back without one or the other�察�we 

shall go to prison ourselves。            You can hardly expect us to go and sit in 

prison out of pity for you。         So on with your coat and come along。; 

       They went�察�and at the militia headquarters were shut into a room with 

barred   windows   where   they   were   presently   joined   by   most   of   the   other 

rich men of the town�察�all in a rare state of indignation�察�and some of them 

very     angry    with   ;Uncle�察─    �for   taking   things    so   quietly。    ;Uncle      was 

worrying about nothing in the world but the tannery and the leather´works 

which he was afraid might get into difficulties now that both he and I were 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



under lock and key。; 

       The plutocracy of the town being thus gathered in the little room at 

the   militia´house�察    �their   wives   came�察   �timorously     at  first�察 �and   chattered 

through the windows。          My informant�察�being unmarried�察�sent word to two 

or three of his friends�察�in order that he might not be the only one without 

some one to talk with outside。           The noise was something prodigious�察�and 

the head of the militia finally ran out into the street and arrested one of the 

women�察  �but   was   so   discomfited   when   she   removed   her   shawl   and   he 

recognized her as his hostess at a house where he had been billeted as a 

soldier     that  he   hurriedly    let   her  go。    The     extraordinary      parliament 

between the rich men of the town and their wives and friends�察�like a crowd 

of hoodie crows�察�chattering outside the window�察�continued until dark。 

       Next   day   the   workmen   from   the   tannery   came   to   the   militia´house 

and   explained      that  ;Uncle;     had   really   ceased   to  be   a  member     of  the 

propertied   classes�察  �that   he   was   necessary   to   them   as   president   of   their 

soviet�察�and that they were willing to secure his release by paying half of 

the tax demanded from him out of the factory funds。                  Uncle got together 

thirty thousand�察 �the   factory contributed   another   thirty�察�and   he   was   freed�察�

being given a certificate that he had ceased to be an exploiter or a property 

owner�察  �and   would   in   future   be   subject   only   to   such   taxes   as   might   be 

levied   on   the   working   population。      The   nephew   was   also   freed�察  �on   the 

grounds that he was wanted at the leather´works。 

       I asked him how things were going on。               He said�察 �Fairly well�察�only 

uncle keeps worrying because the men still call him 'Master。' Otherwise�察�

he   is   very   happy   because   he   has   persuaded   the   workmen   to   set   aside   a 

large proportion of the profits for developing the business and building a 

new wing to the tannery。; 

       ;Do the men work�拭─�

       ;Well�察─�he said�察 �we thought that when the factory was in their own 

hands     they   would    work    better�察  �but  we   do   not   think   they   do   so�察 �not 

noticeably�察�anyhow。; 

       ;Do they work worse�拭─�

       ;No�察�that is not noticeable either。; 

       I tried to get at his political views。       Last summer he had told me that 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



the   Soviet   Government   could   not   last   more   than   another   two   or   three 

months。      He was then looking forward to its downfall。                Now he did not 

like it any better�察�but he was very much afraid of war being brought into 

Russia�察  �or   rather   of   the   further   disorders   which   war   would   cause。    He 

took a queer sort of pride in the way in which the territory of the Russian 

republic was gradually resuming its old frontiers。 ;In the old days no one 

ever thought the Red Army would come to anything�察─�he said。                     ;You can't 

expect much from the Government�察�but it does keep order�察�and I can do 

my work and rub along all right。; It was quite funny to hear him in one 

breath    grumbling      at  the   revolution    and   in  the   next   anxiously     asking 

whether I did not think they had weathered the storm�察�so that there would 

be no more disorders。 

       Knowing       that  in  some     country    places   there   had    been   appalling 

excesses�察�I asked him how the Red Terror that followed the attempt on the 

life of Lenin had shown itself in their district。          He laughed。 

       ;We   got   off   very   cheaply�察─  �he   said。  ;This   is   what   happened。      A 

certain rich merchant's widow had a fine house�察�with enormous stores of 

all   kinds   of   things�察  �fine   knives   and   forks�察  �and   too   many   of   everything。 

For instance�察�she had twenty´two samovars of all sizes and sorts。                   Typical 

merchant's house�察�so many tablecloths that they could not use them all if 

they  lived   to   be   a hundred。    Well�察  �one   fine   day�察  �early  last   summer�察  �she 

was told that her house was wanted and that she must clear out。                    For two 

days she ran hither and thither trying to get out of giving it up。                Then she 

saw it was no good�察�and piled all those things�察�samovars and knives and 

forks and dinner services and tablecloths and overcoats ��there were over a 

dozen fur overcoats�� in the garrets which she closed and sealed�察�and got 

the   president   of   the   Soviet   to   come   and   put   his   seal   also。 In   the   end 

things were so friendly that he even put a sentinel there to see that the seal 

should not be broken。         Then came the news from Petrograd and Moscow 

about the Red terror�察�and the Soviet�察�after holding a meeting and deciding 

that it ought to do something�察�and being on too good terms with all of us to 

do    anything    very   bad�察  �suddenly   remembered         poor   Maria    Nicolaevna's 

garrets。     They   broke   the   seals   and   tumbled   out   all   the   kitchen   things�察�

knives�察�forks�察�plates�察�furniture�察�the twenty´two samovars and the overcoats�察�


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



took   them   in   carts   to   the   Soviet   and   declared   them   national   property。 

National property�        �And   a   week   or   two   later   there   was   a   wedding   of   a 

daughter of one of the members of the Soviet�察�and somehow or other the 

knives   and     forks  were    on   the  table�察 �and   as  for  samovars�察    �there   were 

enough to make tea for a hundreds。; 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



      A THEORIST OF REVOLUTION 



     February 13th。 

       After yesterday's talk with a capitalist victim of the revolution�察�I am 

glad    for  the   sake   of  contrast   to  set   beside   it  a  talk  with   one   of  the 

revolution's chief theorists。 The leather´worker illustrated the revolution as 

it affects an individual。       The revolutionary theorist was quite incapable of 

even considering         his own or any other individual interests and thought 

only   in   terms   of   enormous   movements   in   which   the   experiences   of   an 

individual had only the significance of the adventures of one ant among a 

myriad。      Bucharin�察     �member      of   the  old   economic      mission    to  Berlin�察�

violent   o

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