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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及12何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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myriad。      Bucharin�察     �member      of   the  old   economic      mission    to  Berlin�察�

violent   opponent   of   the   Brest   peace�察  �editor   of   Pravda�察  �author   of   many 

books     on   economics      and   revolution�察   �indefatigable     theorist�察  �found    me 

drinking tea at a table in the Metropole。 

       I had just bought a copy of a magazine which contained a map of the 

world�察  �in   which   most   of   Europe   was   coloured   red   or   pink   for   actual   or 

potential   revolution。      I showed   it   to   Bucharin   and said�察  �You   cannot   be 

surprised that people abroad talk of you as of the new Imperialists。; 

       Bucharin took the map and looked at it。 

       ;Idiotism�察�rank idiotism� ─�he said。          ;At the same time�察─�he added�察 �I 

do think we have entered upon a period of revolution which may last fifty 

years before the revolution is at last victorious in all Europe and finally in 

all the world。; 

       Now�察    �I  have    a   stock   theory    which     I  am    used    to  set   before 

revolutionaries   of   all   kinds�察  �nearly   always   with   interesting   results。   ��See 

p。118。�� I tried it on Bucharin。        I said�此� 

       ;You    people    are   always    saying    that   there   will  be   revolution    in 

England。      Has it not occurred to you that England is a factory and not a 

granary�察�so that in the event of revolution we should be immediately cut 

off from all food supplies。 According to your own theories�察�English capital 

would      unite   with    American      in  ensuring     that   within    six  weeks     the 

revolution had nothing to eat。          England is not a country like Russia where 

you   can   feed   yourselves   somehow  or   other   by  simply  walking   to   where 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



there is food。      Six weeks would see starvation and reaction in England。 

I am inclined to think that a revolution in England would do Russia more 

harm than good。; 

       Bucharin      laughed。      ;You     old    counter´revolutionary� ─         �he   said。 

;That would be all true�察�but you must look further。                 You are right in one 

thing。    If   the   revolution   spreads   in   Europe�察  �America   will   cut   off   food 

supplies。     But by that time we shall be getting food from Siberia。; 

       ;And   is   the   poor   Siberian    railway   to   feed   Russia�察  �Germany�察     �and 

England�拭─�

       ;Before then Pichon and his friends will have gone。                  There will be 

France to feed too。        But you must not forget that there are the cornfields 

of Hungary and Roumania。              Once civil war ends in Europe�察�Europe can 

feed herself。      With English and German engineering assistance we shall 

soon turn Russia into an effective grain supply for all the working men's 

republics of the Continent。         But even then the task will be only beginning。 

The   moment   there   is   revolution   in   England�察  �the   English   colonies   will 

throw   themselves   eagerly   into   the   arms   of   America。         Then   will   come 

America's   turn�察  �and�察  �finally�察  �it   is   quite   likely   that   we   shall   all   have   to 

combine   to   overthrow   the   last   stronghold   of   capitalism   in   some   South 

African   bourgeois   republic。        I   can   well   imagine�察─  �he   said�察  �looking   far 

away with his bright little eyes through the walls of the dark dining room�察�

;that the working men's republics of Europe may have to have a colonial 

policy  of   an   inverse   kind。    Just   as   now   you   conquer   backward   races   in 

order   to   exploit   them�察  �so   in   the   future   you   may   have   to   conquer   the 

colonists to take from them the means of exploitation。                  There is only one 

thing I am afraid of。; 

       ;And what is that�拭─�

       ;Sometimes I am afraid that the struggle will be so bitter and so long 

drawn   out   that   the   whole   of   European   culture   may   be   trampled   under 

foot。; 

       I  thought     of  my    leather´worker      of   yesterday�察   �one    of  thousands 

experiencing in their own persons the appalling discomforts�察�the turn over 

and   revaluation   of   all   established   values   that   revolution�察  �even   without 

death and civil war�察�means to the ordinary man�察�and�察�being perhaps a little 


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                                     RUSSIA IN 1919 



faint´hearted�察   �I  finished  my   tea  in  silence。  Bucharin�察   �after  carelessly 

opening      these   colossal   perspectives�察   �drank    his   tea  in   one   gulp�察�

prodigiously sweetened with my saccharin�察�reminded me of his illness in 

the summer�察�when Radek scoured the town for sweets for him�察�curing him 

with no other medicine�察�and then hurried off�察�fastening his coat as he went�察�

a queer little De Quincey of revolution�察�to disappear into the dusk�察�before�察�

half running�察�half walking�察�as his way is�察�he reached the other end of the 

big dimly lit�察�smoke´filled dining room。 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



               EFFECTS OF ISOLATION 



     February 14th。 

       I had a rather grim talk with Meshtcheriakov at dinner。                He is an old 

Siberian exile�察�who visited England last summer。 He is editing a monthly 

magazine        in   Moscow�察      �mostly      concerned       with    the    problems      of 

reconstrucition�察 �and   besides   that   doing   a   lot   of   educational   work   among 

the   labouring   classes。     He   is   horrified   at   the   economic   position   of   the 

country。     Isolation�察    �he  thinks�察   �is  forcing   Russia    backwards      towards    a 

primeval state。 

       ;We    simply    cannot    get   things。    For    example�察    �I  am   lecturing    on 

Mathematics。        I   have   more    pupils    than   I  can  deal   with。   They   are   as 

greedy   for   knowledge   as   sponges   for   water�察  �and   I   cannot   get   even   the 

simplest   text´books   for   them。       I   cannot   even   find   in   the   second´hand 

book   stores   an   old   Course   of   Mathematics   from   which   I   could   myself 

make   a   series   of   copies   for   them。   I   have   to   teach   like   a   teacher   of   the 

middle ages。       But�察�like him�察�I have pupils who want to learn。; 

       ;In another three years�察─�said some one else at the table�察 �we shall be 

living    in  ruins。   Houses      in  Moscow       were    always    kept   well   warmed。 

Lack   of transport   has   brought   with it lack   of   fuel�察 �and   water´pipes   have 

burst in thousands of houses。 We cannot get what is needed to mend them。 

In the same way we cannot get paints for the walls�察�which are accordingly 

rotting。    In another three years we shall have all the buildings of Moscow 

tumbling about our ears。; 

       Some   one   else   joined   in   with   a   laugh�此   �In   ten   years   we   shall   be 

running about on all fours。; 

       ;And in twenty we shall begin sprouting tails。; 

       Meshtcheriakov finished his soup and laid down his wooden spoon。 

       ;There is another side to all these things�察─�he said。             ;In Russia�察�even 

if   the   blockade   lasts�察  �we   shall   get   things   established   again   sooner   than 

anywhere else�察�because we have all the raw materials in our own country。 

With us it is a question of transport only�察�and of transport within our own 

borders。     In a few years�察�I am convinced�察�in spite of all that is working 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



against us�察�Russia will be a better place to live in than anywhere else in 

Europe。      But   we   have   a   bad   time   to   go   through。  And   not   we   alone。 

The effects of the war are scarcely visible as yet in the west�察�but they will 

become visible。        Humanity has a period of torment before it 。 。 。 。; 

       ;Bucharin says fifty years�察─�I said�察�referring to my talk of yesterday。 

       ;Maybe。      I   think   less  than   that。   But    the  revolution    will   be  far 

worse for you nations of the west than it has been for us。                 In the west�察�if 

there   is   revolution�察  �they   will   use   artillery   at   once�察  �and   wipe   out   whole 

districts。    The governing classes in the west are determined and organized 

in a way our home´grown capitalists never were。                   The Autocracy never 

allowed them to organize�察�so�察�when the Autocracy itself fell�察�our task was 

comparatively easy。         There was nothing in the way。             It will not be like 

that in Germany。; 


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                                       RUSSIA IN 1919 



         AN EVENING AT THE OPERA 



     I  read   in  one   of  the  newspapers      that  a  member     of  the  American 

Commission        in  Berlin   reasoned    from   the   fact  that  the  Germans     were 

crowding to theatres and spectacles that they could not be hungry。                 There 

can   be   no   question   about   the   hunger   of   the   people   of   Moscow�察  �but   the 

theatres are crowded�察�and there is such demand for seats that speculators 

acquire tickets in the legitimate way and sell them illicitly near the doors 

of   the   theatre   to   people   who   have   not   been   able   to   get   in�察  �charging�察  �of 

course�察  �double   the   price   or   even   more。   Interest   in   the   theatre�察  �always 

keen   in   Moscow�察  �seems   to   me   to   have   rather   increased   than   decreased。 

There is a School of Theatrical Production�察�with lectures on every subject 

connected   with   the   stage�察  �from   stage   carpentry   upwards。      A  Theatrical 

Bulletin is published three times weekly�察�containing the programmes of all 

the theatres and occas

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