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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及9何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




teeth。    Chicherin speaks as if he were a dead man or a ventriloquist's lay 

figure。     And     indeed     he  is  half´dead。     He   has   never    learnt   the   art  of 

releasing   himself   from   drudgery   by   handing   it   over   to   his   subordinates。 

He   is   permanently   tired   out。     You   feel   it   is   almost   cruel   to   say   ;Good 

morning;   to   him   when   you   meet   him�察  �because   of   the   appeal   to   be   left 

alone   that   comes   unconsciously   into   his   eyes。       Partly   in   order   to   avoid 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



people�察  �partly   because   he   is   himself   accustomed   to   work   at   night�察  �his 

section of the foreign office keeps extraordinary hours�察�is not to be found 

till about five in the afternoon and works till four in the morning。                   The 

actual material of his report was interesting�察�but there was nothing in its 

manner   to   rouse   enthusiasm   of   any   kind。      The   audience   listened   with 

attention�察�but only woke into real animation when with a shout of laughter 

it   heard   an   address   sent   to   Cl=82menceau   by   the   emigr=82   financiers�察�

aristocrats   and   bankrupt   politicians   of   the  Russian   colony  in   Stockholm�察�

protesting against any sort of agreement with the Bolsheviks。 

       Bucharin followed Chicherin。           A little eager figure in his neat brown 

clothes     ��bought�察   �I  think�察  �while   visiting    Berlin   as   a  member      of  the 

Economic Commission���察�he at least makes himself clearly heard�察�though 

his   voice   has   a   funny   tendency   to   breaking。   He   compared   the   present 

situation    with   the   situation   before   Brest。    He    had   himself    ��as  I  well 

remember��   been   with   Radek�察  �one   of   the   most   violent   opponents   of   the 

Brest peace�察�and he now admitted that at that time Lenin had been right 

and   he   wrong。     The   position   was   now   different�察  �because   whereas   then 

imperialism was split into two camps fighting each other�察�it now showed 

signs of uniting its forces。 He regarded the League of Nations as a sort of 

capitalist    syndicate�察   �and    said   that  the   difference    in  the   French     and 

American       attitude  towards     the  League     depended     upon    the  position   of 

French   and American   capital。        Capital   in   France   was   so   weak�察  �that   she 

could at best be only a small shareholder。              Capital in America was in a 

very    advantageous       position。    America      therefore    wanted     a  huge    All´ 

European syndicate in which each state would have a certain number of 

shares。     America�察�having the greatest number of shares�察�would be able to 

exploit all the other nations。         This is a fixed idea of Bucharin's�察�and he 

has lost no opportunity of putting out this theory of the League of Nations 

since the middle of last summer。            As for Chicherin's Note�察�he said it had 

at least great historical interest on account of the language it used�察�which 

was very different from the hypocritical language of ordinary diplomacy。 

Here were no phrases about noble motives�察�but a plain recognition of the 

facts of the case。 ;Tell us what you want�察─�it says�察 �and we are ready to 

buy you off�察�in order to avoid armed conflict。; Even if the Allies gave no 


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answer the Note would still have served a useful purpose and would be a 

landmark in history。 



     Litvinov     followed     Bucharin。     A   solid�察  �jolly�察 �round    man�察  �with   his 

peaked grey fur hat on his head�察�rounder than ever in fur´collared�察�thick 

coat�察�his eye´glasses slipping from his nose as he got up�察�his grey muffler 

hanging from his neck�察�he hurried to the tribune。                Taking off his things 

and leaving them on a chair below�察�he stepped up into the tribune with his 

hair all rumpled�察�a look of extreme seriousness on his face�察�and spoke with 

a voice whose capacity and strength astonished me who had not heard him 

speak   in   public   before。    He   spoke   very   well�察  �with   more   sequence   than 

Bucharin�察�and much vitality�察�and gave his summary of the position abroad。 

He   said   ��and   Lenin   expressed   the   same   view   to   me   afterwards��   that   the 

hostility of different countries to Soviet Russia varied in direct proportion 

to   their  fear   of  revolution   at  home。     Thus   France�察    �whose   capital    had 

suffered most in the war and was weakest�察�was the most uncompromising�察�

while    America�察    �whose     capital  was    in  a  good   position�察   �was   ready   for 

agreement。       England�察�with rather  less confidence�察�he   thought was ready 

to follow America。        Need of raw material was the motive tending towards 

agreement       with   Russia。     Fear    that   the  mere    existence    of   a  Labour 

Government         anywhere      in   the   world     strengthens     the   revolutionary 

movement elsewhere�察�was the motive for the desire to wipe out the Soviet 

at all cost。    Chicherin's note�察�he thought�察�would emphasize the difference 

between   these   opposing   views   and   would        tend   to   make   impossible   an 

alliance of the capitalists against Russia。 

       Finally�察  �Kamenev�察     �now    President    of   the  Moscow       Soviet�察  �spoke�察�

objecting to Bucharin's comparison of the peace now sought with that of 

Brest Litovsk。       Then everything was in a state of experiment and untried。 

Now it was clear to the world that the unity of Russia could be achieved 

only   under     the  Soviets。    The    powers     opposed    to  them   could     not  but 

recognize this fact。       Some parts of Russia ��Ukraine�� had during the last 

fifteen months   experienced   every  kind of   government�察 �from  the   Soviets�察�

the dictatorship of   the proletariat�察  �to   the  dictatorship   of  foreign   invaders 

and the dictatorship of a General of the old regime�察�and they had after all 


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returned to the Soviets。         Western European imperialists must realize that 

the only Government in Russia which rested on the popular masses was 

the   Government   of   the   Soviets   and   no       other。    Even     the   paper   of  the 

Mensheviks�察  �commenting   on   Chicherin's   note�察  �had   declared   that   by   this 

step   the   Soviet   Government   had   shown   that   it   was   actually   a   national 

Government         acting   in  the   interests   of  the   nation。    He    further   read   a 

statement      by   Right     Social   Revolutionaries       ��delegates     of   that   group�察�

members   of   the  Constituent Assembly�察 �were   in   the   gallery��   to   the   effect 

that    they   were    prepared     to  help   the   Soviet    Government       as   the  only 

Government         in  Russia    that  was    fighting   against    a  dictatorship     of  the 

bourgeoisie。 

       Finally�察  �the   Committee   unanimously   passed   a   resolution   approving 

every step taken in trying to obtain peace�察�and at the same time ;sending a 

fraternal   greeting   to   the   Red Army   of   workers   and   peasants   engaged   in 

ensuring the independence of Soviet Russia。; The meeting then turned to 

talk of other things。 

       I left�察�rather miserable to think how little I had foreseen when Soviet 

Russia was compelled last year to sign an oppressive peace with Germany�察�

that the time would come when they would be trying to buy peace from 

ourselves。      As I went out I saw another unhappy figure�察�unhappy for quite 

different   reasons。      Angelica   Balabanova�察  �after   dreaming   all   her   life   of 

socialism in the most fervent Utopian spirit�察�had come at last to Russia to 

find that a socialist state was faced with difficulties at least as real as those 

which confront other states�察�that in the battle there was little sentiment and 

much cynicism�察�and that dreams worked out in terms of humanity in the 

face of the opposition of the whole of the rest of the world are not easily 

recognized by their dreamers。            Poor little Balabanova�察�less than five feet 

high�察�in a black coat that reached to her feet but did not make her look any 

taller�察  �was   wandering   about   like   a  lost   and   dejected   spirit。   Not   so�察  �she 

was   thinking�察  �should   socialists   deal   with   their   enemies。      Somehow�察  �but 

not   so。   Had   the   silver   trumpets   blown   seven   times   in   vain�察  �and   was   it 

really necessary to set to work and�察�stone by stone�察�with bleeding hands�察�

level the walls of Jericho�拭�

       There was snow falling as I walked home。                 Two workmen�察�arguing�察�


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                                   RUSSIA IN 1919 



were walking in front of me。 ;If only it were not for the hunger�察─�said one。 

;But will that ever change�拭─�said the other。 


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                                      RUSSIA IN 1919 



      KAMENEV AND THE MOSCOW 

                                  SOVIET 



    February 11th。 

       Litvinov has been unlucky in his room in the Metropole。             It is small�察�

dark   and   dirty�察  �and   colder   than   mine。 He   was   feeling   ill   and   his   chest 

was hurting him�察�perhaps because of his speech last night�察�but while I was 

there Kamenev rang him up on the telephone�察�told him he had a car below�察�

and    would    he  come    at  once   to  the  Moscow     Soviet    to  speak   on  the 

international   situation�    �Litvinov   tried   to   excuse   himself�察  �but   it   was   no 

use�察�and he said      to me that if I wanted to see Kamenev I had better come 

along。    We found Kamenev in the hall�察�and after a few min

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

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