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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及14何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��






became an independent organ with its own finances about the middle of 

the summer。       Its headquarters are in the Nikolskaya�察�in the Chinese town�察�

next   door   to   the   old   building   of   the   Anglo´Russian   Trading   Company�察�

which still bears the Lion and the Unicorn sculptured above its green and 

white fa=87ade some time early in the seventeenth century。 

       Pavlovitch   is   a   little�察  �fat�察  �spectacled   man   with   a   bald   head�察  �fringed 

with the remains of red hair�察�and a little reddish beard。             He was dressed in 

a black leather coat and trousers。 He complained bitterly that all his plans 

for   engineering      works    to  improve     the   productive    possibilities    of  the 

country were made impracticable by the imperious demands of war。 As an 

old Siberian exile he had been living in France before the revolution and�察�

as    he  said�察  �had   seen    there   how    France    made     war。   ;They    sent   her 

locomotives�察     �and    rails  for  the  locomotives      to  run   on�察 �everything     she 

needed they sent her from all parts of the world。              When they sent horses�察�

they sent also hay for their food�察�and shoes for their feet�察�and even nails 

for the shoes。      If we were supplied like that�察�Russia would be at peace in 

a week。      But we have nothing�察�and can get nothing�察�and are forced to be 

at war against our will。 

     ;And war spoils everything�察─�he continued。               ;This committee should 

be at work on affairs of peace�察�making Russia more useful to herself and to 

the rest of the world。       You know our plans。          But with fighting on all our 

fronts�察�and with all our best men away�察�we are compelled to use ninety per 

cent。   of   our   energy   and   material   for   the   immediate   needs   of   the   army。 

Every day we get masses of telegrams from all fronts�察�asking for this or 

that。    For    example�察    �Trotsky    telegraphs    here   simply    ;We    shall   be  in 

Orenburg in two days�察─�leaving us to do what is necessary。                 Then with the 

map before me�察�I have to send what will be needed�察�no matter what useful 

work has to be abandoned meanwhile�察�engineers�察�railway gangs for putting 

right the railways�察�material for bridges�察�and so on。 

       ;Indeed�察  �the   biggest   piece   of   civil   engineering   done   in   Russia   for 

many     years    was   the  direct   result   of  our  fear   lest  you   people    or  the 

Germans should take   our Baltic fleet。            Save the dreadnoughts we  could 

not�察�but I decided to save what we could。               The widening and deepening 

of the canal system so as to shift boats from the Baltic to the Volga had 


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been considered in the time of the Tzar。              It was considered and dismissed 

as   impracticable。      Once�察  �indeed�察  �they   did   try   to   take   two   torpedo´boats 

over�察�and they lifted them on barges to make the attempt。                     Well�察�we said 

that   as   the   thing   could   be   planned�察  �it   could   be   done�察  �and   the   canals   are 

deepened and widened�察�and we took through them�察�under their own power�察�

seven big destroyers�察�six small destroyers and four submarine boats�察�which�察�

arriving   unexpectedly   before   Kazan�察  �played   a   great   part   in   our   victory 

there。    But the pleasure of that was spoilt for me by the knowledge that I 

had had to take men and material from the building of the electric power 

station�察  �with   which   we   hope   to   make   Petrograd   independent   of   the   coal 

supply。 

       ;The   difficulties   we   have   to   fight   against   are�察 �of   course�察 �enormous�察�

but much of what the old regime failed to do�察�for want of initiative or for 

other reasons�察�we have done and are doing。 Some of the difficulties are of 

a   most   unexpected   kind。       The  local   inhabitants�察 �partly�察  �no   doubt�察  �under 

the    influence    of   our  political    opponents�察    �were    extremely     hostile    with 

regard to the building of the power station�察  �simply because they did not 

understand it。       I went there myself�察�and explained to them what it would 

mean�察�that their river would become a rich river�察�that they would be able to 

get cheap power for all sorts of works�察�and that they would have electric 

light in all their houses。        Then they carried me shoulder high through the 

village�察�and sent telegrams to Lenin�察�to Zinoviev�察�to everybody they could 

think of�察�and since then we have had nothing but help from them。 

       ;Most   of   our   energy   at   present   has   to   be   spent   on   mending   and 

making railways and roads for the use of the army。 Over 11��000 versts of 

railway   are   under   construction�察  �and   we   have   finished   the   railway   from 

Arzamas       to   Shikhran。     Twelve     hundred     versts   of   highroad     are   under 

construction。   And   to      meet   the   immediate   needs   of   the      army   we    have 

already   repaired   or   made   8��000   versts   of   roads   of   various   kinds。     As   a 

matter of fact the internal railway net of Russia is by no means as bad as 

people make out。         By its means�察�hampered as we are�察�we have been able 

to   beat   the   counter´revolutionaries�察  �concentrating   our   best   troops�察  �now 

here�察�now there�察�wherever need may be。                 Remember that the whole way 

round     our   enormous      frontiers   we    are  being    forced    to  fight  groups     of 


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reactionaries   supported   at   first   mostly   by   the   Germans�察  �now   mostly   by 

yourselves�察�by the Roumanians�察�by the Poles�察�and in some districts by the 

Germans   still。      Troops   fighting   on   the   Ural   front   are   fighting   a   month 

later   south   of   Voronezh�察  �and   a   month   later   again   are   having   a   holiday�察�

marching   on   the   heels   of   the   Germans   as   they   evacuate   the   occupied 

provinces。      Some   of   our   troops   are   not   yet   much   good。   One   day   they 

fight�察�and the next they think they would rather not。 So that our best troops�察�

those in which there are most workmen�察�have to be flung in all directions。 

We   are   at   work   all   the   time   enabling   this   to   be   done�察  �and   making   new 

roads to enable it to be done still better。          But what waste�察�when there are 

so many other things we want to do� �

       ;All the time the needs of war are pressing on us。 To´day is the first 

day for two months that we have been able to warm this building。                         We 

have been working here in overcoats and fur hats in a temperature below 

freezing point。      Why�拭      �Wood was already on its way to us�察�when we had 

suddenly to throw troops northwards。               Our wood had to be flung out of 

the wagons�察�and the Red Army put in its place�察�and the wagons sent north 

again。     The thing had to be done�察�and we have had to work as best we 

could     in  the  cold。   Many   of    my    assistants   have   fallen   ill。  Two     only 

yesterday had to be taken home in a condition something like that of a fit�察�

the result of prolonged sedentary work in unheated rooms。                   I have lost the 

use of my right hand for the same reason。; He stretched out his right hand�察�

which he had been keeping in the pocket of his coat。                It was an ugly sight�察�

with swollen�察�immovable fingers�察�like the roots of a vegetable。 

       At this moment some one came in to speak to Pavlovitch。 He stood at 

the   table   a   little   behind   me�察  �so   that   I   did   not   see   him�察  �but   Pavlovitch�察�

noticing that he looked curiously at me�察�said�察 �Are you acquaintances�拭─                    �I 

looked   round   and   saw   Sukhanov�察  �Gorky's   friend�察  �formerly   one   of   the 

cleverest writers on the Novaya Jizn。             I jumped up and shook hands with 

him。 

       ;What�察�have you gone over to the Bolsheviks�拭─�I asked。 

     ;Not at all�察─�said Sukhanov�察�smiling�察 �but I am working here。; 

       ;Sukhanov   thinks   that   we   do   less   harm   than   anybody   else�察─  �said 

Pavlovitch�察�and laughed。          ;Go and talk to him and he'll tell you all there 


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is to be said against us。       And there's lots to say。; 

       Sukhanov was an extremely bitter enemy of the Bolsheviks�察�and was 

very angry with me when�察�over a year ago�察�I told him I was convinced that 

sooner   or   later   he   would   be   working   with   them。     I   told   Pavlovitch   the 

story�察  �and   he   laughed   again。     ;A   long   time   ago�察─  �he   said�察   �Sukhanov 

made   overtures   to   me   through   Miliutin。       I   agreed�察  �and   everything   was 

settled�察�but when a note appeared in              Pravda to say that he was going to 

work in this Committee�察�he grew shy�察�and wrote a contradiction。                     Miliutin 

was very angry and asked me to publish the truth。                I refused�察�but wrote on 

that   day   in   my   diary�察  �Sukhanov   will   come。   Three   months   later   he   was 

already working with us。 One day he told me that in the big diary of the 

revolution   which   he   is   writing�察  �and   will   write   very   well�察  �he   had   some 

special abuse for me。         'I have none for you��' I said�察�'but I will show you 

one page of my own diary��' and I showed him that page�察�and asked him to 

look at the date。      Sukhanov is an honest fellow�察�and was bound to come。; 

       He went on with his talk。 

       ;You know�察�hampered as we are by lack of everything�察�we could not 

put up the fight we are putting up against the reactionaries if it were not 

for    the   r

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