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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及22何蛍

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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



definitely   broken�察  �could   be   made   to   serve   the   new。     He   believed   that 

unless     the  utmost    use   was    made    of  the   resources    of   the  country    in 

technical knowledge�察�etc。�察�they could not hope to organize the maximum 

productivity which alone could save them from catastrophe。 

       The    speaker    who    followed     him�察  �Glebov�察    �defended     precisely    the 

opposite point of view and represented the same attitude with regard to the 

reorganization of industry as is held by many who object to Trotsky's use 

of officers of the old army in the reorganization of the new�察�believing that 

all who worked in high places under the old regime must be and remain 

enemies of the revolution�察�so that their employment is a definite source of 

danger。     Glebov   is   a   trade   union   representative�察  �and   his   speech   was   a 

clear   indication   of   the   non´political   undercurrent   towards   the   left   which 

may     shake    the  Bolshevik     position    and   will   most   certainly    come    into 

violent   conflict   with   any   definitely   bourgeois   government   that   may   be 

brought in by counter´revolution。 

       In the resolution on the economic position which was finally passed 

unanimously�察�one point reads as follows�此 �It is necessary to strive for just 

economic   relations   with   other   countries   in   the   form   of   state   regulated 

exchange   of   goods   and   the   bringing   of   the   productive   forces   of   other 

countries to the working out of the untouched natural resources of Soviet 

Russia。;     It   is interesting to notice the   curiously  mixed   character   of the 

opposition。      Some      call   for  ;a  real   socialism�察─   �which     shall  make     no 

concessions whatsoever to foreign capital�察�others for the cessation of civil 

war   and   peace   with   the   little   governments   which   have   obtained   Allied 

support。 In a single number of the Printers' Gazette�察�for example�察�there was 

a threat to appeal against the Bolsheviks to the delegation from Berne and 

an attack on Chicherin for being ready to make terms with the Entente。 

       The next business on the programme was the attitude to be adopted 

towards     the   repentant    Social   Revolutionaries       of  the  Right。    Kamenev 

made the best speech I have ever heard from him�察�for once in a way not 

letting   himself   be   drawn   into   agitational   digressions�察 �but   going   point   by 

point through what he had to say and saying it economically。                    The S。R。's 

had had three watchwords�此 �War and alliance with the Allies�察─ �Coalition 

with   the  bourgeoisie�察─�and   ;The   Constituent Assembly。;   For  over  a   year 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



they   had   waged   open   war   with   the   Soviet   Government   over   these   three 

points。     They had been defeated in the field。             But they had suffered a far 

more serious moral defeat in having to confess that their very watchwords 

had been unsound。           ;War and Alliance with the Allies; had shown itself 

to mean the occupation of Russian territory by foreign troops in no way 

concerned   to   save   the   revolution�察  �but   ready�察  �as   they  had   shown�察  �to   help 

every   force   that   was   working   for   its   suppression。       ;Coalition   with   the 

Bourgeoisie; had shown itself to be a path the natural ending to which was 

the    dictatorship      of   the   bourgeoisie       through     military    force。      ;The 

Constituent Assembly; had been proved to be no more than a useful mask 

behind which the enemies of the revolution could prepare their forces and 

trick the masses to their own undoing。 

       He     read    the   declaration     of    the   Right    Social     Revolutionaries�察�

admitting that the Soviet Government was the only force working against 

a    dictatorship     of   the   bourgeoisie�察    �and    calling    upon    their   troops    to 

overthrow       the  usurping     governments       in   Siberia�察  �and   elsewhere。      This 

repentance�察�however�察�had come rather late and there were those who did 

not    share    it。   He     said   finally   that   the   Executive      Committee        must 

remember   that   it   was   not   a   party   considering   its   relations   with   another 

party�察�but an organ of government considering the attitude of the country 

towards a party which in the most serious moment of Russian history had 

admittedly  made   grave   mistakes   and   helped   Russia's   enemies。             Now�察  �in 

this   difficult   moment�察  �every   one   who   was   sincerely   ready   to   help   the 

working   masses   of   Russia   in   their   struggle   had   the   right   to   be   given   a 

place in the ranks of the fighters。            The Social Revolutionaries should be 

allowed      to   prove    in   deeds    the   sincerity    of   their   recantation。      The 

resolution which was passed recapitulated the recantations�察�mentioned by 

name the members of the party with whom discussions had been carried 

on�察  �withdrew   the   decision   of   June   14th   ��excluding   the   S。R。's   from   the 

Executive       Committee        on   the   ground      of   their   counter´revolutionary 

tendencies�� with regard to all groups of the party which held themselves 

bound by the recently published declarations�察�gave them the right equally 

with   other   parties   to   share   in   the   work   of   the   Soviets�察  �and   notified   the 

administrative   and   judicial   organs   of   the   Republic   to   free   the   arrested 


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S。R。's who shared the point of view expressed in the recantations。                     The 

resolution was passed without enthusiasm but without opposition。 

       There followed the reading by Avanesov of the decree concerning the 

Menshevik        paper    Vsegda      Vpered     �─�Forever     Forward�察─     �but   usually 

described   by   critics   of   the   Mensheviks   as   ;Forever   Backward;��。         The 

resolution pointed out that in spite of the Mensheviks having agreed on the 

need of supporting the Soviet Government they were actually carrying on 

an agitation�察�the effect of which could only be to weaken the army。                     An 

example was given of an article�察 �Stop the Civil War�察─�in which they had 

pointed   out   that   the   war   was   costing   a   great   deal�察  �and   that   much   of   the 

food   supplies   went   to   the   army。   On   these   grounds   they   had   demanded 

the   cessation    of   the  civil  war。    The    Committee      pointed    out   that  the 

Mensheviks   were   making   demagogic   use   of   the   difficulties   of   the   food 

supply�察  �due   in   part   to  the   long  isolation   from   the   Ukraine�察  �the   Volga 

district and Siberia�察�for which those Mensheviks who had worked with the 

White Guard were themselves partly responsible。                  They pointed out that 

Russia was a camp besieged from all sides�察�that Kolchak had seized the 

important centre of Perm�察�that Petrograd was threatened from Finland�察�that 

in the streets of Rostov and Novo Tcherkassk gallows with the bodies of 

workmen were still standing�察�that Denikin was making a destructive raid 

in the northern Caucasus�察�that the Polish legionaries were working for the 

seizure of Vilna and the suppression of Lithuania and the White Russian 

proletariat�察   �and   that  in  the   ports  of  the   Black    Sea   the  least  civilized 

colonial troops of the Entente were supporting the White Guards。                      They 

pointed out that the Soviet Government had offered concessions in order 

to buy off the imperialistic countries and had received no reply。                  Taking 

all   this   into   consideration   the   demand   to   end   civil   war   amounted   to   a 

demand for the disarming of the working class and the poor peasantry in 

the face of bandits and executioners advancing from all sides。                 In a word�察�

it was the worst form of state crime�察�namely�察�treason to a state of workers 

and peasants。       The Committee considered useful every kind of practical 

criticism of the work of the Soviet Government in all departments�察�but it 

could not allow that in the rear of the Red Army of workers and peasants�察�

under that army's protection�察�should be carried on unrestrained an agitation 


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which could have only one result�察�the weakening of Soviet Russia in the 

face   of   its   many   enemies。 Therefore   Vsegda   Vpered   would   be   closed 

until the Mensheviks should show in deed that they were ready to stand to 

the   defence    and   support   of  the  revolution。    At   the  same    time�察 �the 

Committee reminded the Mensheviks that a continuation of their counter´ 

revolutionary work would force the Soviet Government ;to expel them to 

the territories of Kolchak's democracy。; This conclusion was greeted with 

laughter and applause�察�and with that the meeting ended。 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



        COMMISSARIAT OF LABOUR 



     February 28th。 

       This   morning   I   went   round   to   the   Commissariat   of   Labour�察  �to   see 

Schmidt�察  �the   Commissar。        Schmidt   is   a   clean´shaven�察  �intelligent   young 

man�察�whose attention to business methods is reflected in his Commissariat�察�

which�察  �unlike   that   of   Foreign Affairs�察  �is   extremely   clean   and   very   well 

organized。      I told him I was particularly interested to hear what he could 

say in answer to the accusations made both by the Mensheviks and

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