russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及22何蛍
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definitely broken�察 �could be made to serve the new。 He believed that
unless the utmost use was made of the resources of the country in
technical knowledge�察�etc。�察�they could not hope to organize the maximum
productivity which alone could save them from catastrophe。
The speaker who followed him�察 �Glebov�察 �defended precisely the
opposite point of view and represented the same attitude with regard to the
reorganization of industry as is held by many who object to Trotsky's use
of officers of the old army in the reorganization of the new�察�believing that
all who worked in high places under the old regime must be and remain
enemies of the revolution�察�so that their employment is a definite source of
danger。 Glebov is a trade union representative�察 �and his speech was a
clear indication of the non´political undercurrent towards the left which
may shake the Bolshevik position and will most certainly come into
violent conflict with any definitely bourgeois government that may be
brought in by counter´revolution。
In the resolution on the economic position which was finally passed
unanimously�察�one point reads as follows�此 �It is necessary to strive for just
economic relations with other countries in the form of state regulated
exchange of goods and the bringing of the productive forces of other
countries to the working out of the untouched natural resources of Soviet
Russia。; It is interesting to notice the curiously mixed character of the
opposition。 Some call for ;a real socialism�察─ �which shall make no
concessions whatsoever to foreign capital�察�others for the cessation of civil
war and peace with the little governments which have obtained Allied
support。 In a single number of the Printers' Gazette�察�for example�察�there was
a threat to appeal against the Bolsheviks to the delegation from Berne and
an attack on Chicherin for being ready to make terms with the Entente。
The next business on the programme was the attitude to be adopted
towards the repentant Social Revolutionaries of the Right。 Kamenev
made the best speech I have ever heard from him�察�for once in a way not
letting himself be drawn into agitational digressions�察 �but going point by
point through what he had to say and saying it economically。 The S。R。's
had had three watchwords�此 �War and alliance with the Allies�察─ �Coalition
with the bourgeoisie�察─�and ;The Constituent Assembly。; For over a year
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they had waged open war with the Soviet Government over these three
points。 They had been defeated in the field。 But they had suffered a far
more serious moral defeat in having to confess that their very watchwords
had been unsound。 ;War and Alliance with the Allies; had shown itself
to mean the occupation of Russian territory by foreign troops in no way
concerned to save the revolution�察 �but ready�察 �as they had shown�察 �to help
every force that was working for its suppression。 ;Coalition with the
Bourgeoisie; had shown itself to be a path the natural ending to which was
the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie through military force。 ;The
Constituent Assembly; had been proved to be no more than a useful mask
behind which the enemies of the revolution could prepare their forces and
trick the masses to their own undoing。
He read the declaration of the Right Social Revolutionaries�察�
admitting that the Soviet Government was the only force working against
a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie�察 �and calling upon their troops to
overthrow the usurping governments in Siberia�察 �and elsewhere。 This
repentance�察�however�察�had come rather late and there were those who did
not share it。 He said finally that the Executive Committee must
remember that it was not a party considering its relations with another
party�察�but an organ of government considering the attitude of the country
towards a party which in the most serious moment of Russian history had
admittedly made grave mistakes and helped Russia's enemies。 Now�察 �in
this difficult moment�察 �every one who was sincerely ready to help the
working masses of Russia in their struggle had the right to be given a
place in the ranks of the fighters。 The Social Revolutionaries should be
allowed to prove in deeds the sincerity of their recantation。 The
resolution which was passed recapitulated the recantations�察�mentioned by
name the members of the party with whom discussions had been carried
on�察 �withdrew the decision of June 14th ��excluding the S。R。's from the
Executive Committee on the ground of their counter´revolutionary
tendencies�� with regard to all groups of the party which held themselves
bound by the recently published declarations�察�gave them the right equally
with other parties to share in the work of the Soviets�察 �and notified the
administrative and judicial organs of the Republic to free the arrested
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S。R。's who shared the point of view expressed in the recantations。 The
resolution was passed without enthusiasm but without opposition。
There followed the reading by Avanesov of the decree concerning the
Menshevik paper Vsegda Vpered �─�Forever Forward�察─ �but usually
described by critics of the Mensheviks as ;Forever Backward;��。 The
resolution pointed out that in spite of the Mensheviks having agreed on the
need of supporting the Soviet Government they were actually carrying on
an agitation�察�the effect of which could only be to weaken the army。 An
example was given of an article�察 �Stop the Civil War�察─�in which they had
pointed out that the war was costing a great deal�察 �and that much of the
food supplies went to the army。 On these grounds they had demanded
the cessation of the civil war。 The Committee pointed out that the
Mensheviks were making demagogic use of the difficulties of the food
supply�察 �due in part to the long isolation from the Ukraine�察 �the Volga
district and Siberia�察�for which those Mensheviks who had worked with the
White Guard were themselves partly responsible。 They pointed out that
Russia was a camp besieged from all sides�察�that Kolchak had seized the
important centre of Perm�察�that Petrograd was threatened from Finland�察�that
in the streets of Rostov and Novo Tcherkassk gallows with the bodies of
workmen were still standing�察�that Denikin was making a destructive raid
in the northern Caucasus�察�that the Polish legionaries were working for the
seizure of Vilna and the suppression of Lithuania and the White Russian
proletariat�察 �and that in the ports of the Black Sea the least civilized
colonial troops of the Entente were supporting the White Guards。 They
pointed out that the Soviet Government had offered concessions in order
to buy off the imperialistic countries and had received no reply。 Taking
all this into consideration the demand to end civil war amounted to a
demand for the disarming of the working class and the poor peasantry in
the face of bandits and executioners advancing from all sides。 In a word�察�
it was the worst form of state crime�察�namely�察�treason to a state of workers
and peasants。 The Committee considered useful every kind of practical
criticism of the work of the Soviet Government in all departments�察�but it
could not allow that in the rear of the Red Army of workers and peasants�察�
under that army's protection�察�should be carried on unrestrained an agitation
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which could have only one result�察�the weakening of Soviet Russia in the
face of its many enemies。 Therefore Vsegda Vpered would be closed
until the Mensheviks should show in deed that they were ready to stand to
the defence and support of the revolution。 At the same time�察 �the
Committee reminded the Mensheviks that a continuation of their counter´
revolutionary work would force the Soviet Government ;to expel them to
the territories of Kolchak's democracy。; This conclusion was greeted with
laughter and applause�察�and with that the meeting ended。
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COMMISSARIAT OF LABOUR
February 28th。
This morning I went round to the Commissariat of Labour�察 �to see
Schmidt�察 �the Commissar。 Schmidt is a clean´shaven�察 �intelligent young
man�察�whose attention to business methods is reflected in his Commissariat�察�
which�察 �unlike that of Foreign Affairs�察 �is extremely clean and very well
organized。 I told him I was particularly interested to hear what he could
say in answer to the accusations made both by the Mensheviks and