伊浪窮徨慕 > 将砿凪麿窮徨慕 > russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) >

及25何蛍

russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及25何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




revolutionary   paper   serious   articles   and   letters   by   well´meaning   persons 

advising   would´be   proletarian   poets   to   stick   to   Pushkin   and   Lermontov。 

There is much excited controversy both in magazine and pamphlet form as 

to the distinguishing marks of the new proletarian art which is expected to 

come out of the revolution and no doubt will come�察�though not in the form 

expected。      But the Communists cannot be accused of being unfaithful to 

the Russian classics。        Even Radek�察�a foreign fosterchild and an adopted 

Russian�察 �took   Gogol   as   well   as   Shakespeare   with   him   when   he   went   to 

annoy General Hoffmann   at Brest。              The Soviet   Government has   earned 

the   gratitude   of   many   Russians   who   dislike   it   for   everything   else   it   has 

done by the resolute way in which it has brought the Russian classics into 

the    bookshops。      Books     that  were    out   of  print   and   unobtainable�察     �like 

Kliutchevsky's ;Courses in Russian History�察─�have been reprinted from the 

stereotypes and set afloat again at most reasonable prices。                I was also able 

to buy a book of his which I have long wanted�察�his ;Foreigners' Accounts 

of the Muscovite State�察─�which had also fallen out of print。                   In the same 

way the Government has reprinted�察�and sells at fixed low prices that may 

not be raised by retailers�察�the works of Koltzov�察�Nikitin�察�Krylov�察�Saltykov´ 

Shtchedrin�察        �Chekhov�察        �Goncharov�察        �Uspensky�察        �Tchernyshevsky�察�

Pomyalovsky and others。            It is issuing Chukovsky's edition of Nekrasov�察�

reprints   of   Tolstoy�察  �Dostoievsky   and   Turgenev�察  �and   books   by   Professor 

Timiriazev�察�Karl Pearson and others of a scientific character�察�besides the 

complete   works   of   Lenin's   old   rival�察  �Plekhanov。       It   is   true   that   most   of 

this work is simply done by reprinting from old stereotypes�察�but the point 

is that the books are there�察�and the sale for them is very large。 

       Among   the   other   experts   on   the   subject   of   the   Soviet's   educational 

work     I  consulted     two   friends�察  �a  little  boy�察  �Glyeb�察   �who    sturdily   calls 

himself a Cadet though three of his sisters work in Soviet institutions�察�and 

an old and very wise porter。           Glyeb says that during the winter they had 

no heating�察�so that they sat in school in their coats�察�and only sat for a very 


´ Page 103´

                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



short   time�察  �because   of   the   great   cold。   He   told   me�察  �however�察  �that   they 

gave him a good dinner there every day�察�and that lessons would be all right 

as soon as the weather got warmer。               He showed me a pair of felt boots 

which had been given him at the school。                The old porter summed up the 

similar   experience   of   his   sons。    ;Yes�察─  �he   said�察   �they  go   there�察  �sing   the 

Marseillaise twice through�察�have dinner and come home。; I then took these 

expert criticisms to Pokrovsky who said�察 �It is perfectly true。                    We have 

not    enough    transport    to  feed   the   armies�察   �let  alone   bringing    food   and 

warmth for ourselves。 

     And   if�察  �under   these   conditions�察  �we   forced   children   to   go   through   all 

their   lessons    we   should    have    corpses    to  teach�察  �not  children。     But    by 

making them come for their meals we do two things�察�keep them alive�察�and 

keep them in the habit of coming�察�so that when the warm weather comes 

we can do better。; 


´ Page 104´

                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



           A BOLSHEVIK FELLOW OF 

                THE ROYAL SOCIETY 



     At   Sukhanov's   suggestion       I   went�察  �to  see   Professor   Timiriazev�察   �the 

greatest   Russian   Darwinian�察  �well´known   to   many   scientific   men   in   this 

country�察�a foreign member of the Royal Society�察�a   Doctor of Cambridge 

University and a Bolshevik。           He is about eighty years old。         His left arm 

is paralysed�察�and�察�as he said�察�he can only work at his desk and not be out 

and   about   to   help   as   he   would   wish。  A  venerable   old   savant�察  �he   was 

sitting writing with a green dressing gown about him�察�for his little flat was 

very   cold。   On   the   walls   were   portraits   of   Darwin�察  �Newton   and   Gilbert�察�

besides   portraits   of   contemporary   men   of   science   whom   he   had   known。 

English   books   were   everywhere。         He   gave   me�察  �two   copies   of   his   last 

scientific   book   and   his   latest   portrait   to   take   to   two   of   his   friends   in 

England。 

       He   lives   with   his   wife   and   son。 I   asked   if   his   son   were   also   a 

Bolshevik。 

       ;Of course�察─�he replied。 

       He then read me a letter he had written protesting against intervention。 

He spoke of his old love for England and for the English people。                    Then�察�

speaking of the veil of lies drawn between Soviet Russia and the rest of 

the world�察�he broke down altogether�察�and bent his head to hide his tears。 

       ;I suffer doubly�察─�he said�察�after excusing himself for the weakness of 

a very old man。       ;I suffer as a Russian�察�and�察�if I may say so�察�I suffer as an 

Englishman。       I   have   English   blood   in   my   veins。  My   mother�察  �you   see�察�

looks   quite   English�察─  �pointing   to   a   daguerreotype   on   the   wall�察   �and   my 

grandmother was actually English。             I suffer as an Englishman when I see 

the country that I love misled by lies�察�and I suffer as a Russian because 

those lies concern the country to which I belong�察�and the ideas which I am 

proud to hold。; 

       The   old   man    rose  with   difficulty�察  �for  he�察 �like  every   one    else  in 

Moscow�察�is half starved。         He showed me his Byron�察�his Shakespeare�察�his 


´ Page 105´

                                       RUSSIA IN 1919 



Encyclopaedia       Britannica�察   �his   English    diplomas。     He    pointed    to  the 

portraits on the wall。       ;If I could but let them know the truth�察─�he said�察�

;those   friends   of   mine   in   England�察  �they   would   protest   against   actions 

which are unworthy of the England we have loved together。; 


´ Page 106´

                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



                              DIGRESSION 



     At this point the chronological arrangement of my book�察�already weak�察�

breaks   down   altogether。      So   far   I   have   set   down�察  �almost   day   by   day�察�

things    seen   and    heard   which    seemed     to  me    characteristic    and   clear 

illustration of the mentality of the Communists�察�of the work that has been 

done or that they are trying to do�察�and of the general state of affairs。                  I 

spent   the  whole  of   my  time   in   ceaseless   investigation�察 �talking   now   with 

this man�察�now with that�察�until at the end of a month I was so tired ��besides 

being   permanently   hungry��   that   I   began   to   fear   rather   than   to   seek   new 

experiences and impressions。           The last two weeks of my stay were spent�察�

not in visiting Commissariats�察�but in collecting masses of printed material�察�

in talking with my friends of the opposition parties�察�and�察�while it was in 

progress�察�visiting daily the Conference in the Kremlin which�察�in the end�察�

definitely announced itself as the Third International。              I have considered 

it  best   to  treat  of  that  Conference      more   or  less   as  a  whole�察  �and   am 

therefore compelled to disregard chronology altogether in putting down on 

paper�察�the results of some of my talks with the opposition。               Some of these 

took place on the same days as my visits to the Kremlin conference�察�and 

during those days I was also partly engaged in getting to see the British 

prisoners in the Butyrka prison�察�in which I eventually succeeded。                  This is 

my     excuse    for  the  inadequacy      of  my   account     of  the  conference�察    �an 

inadequacy which I regret the more as I was the only non´Communist who 

was able to be there at all。 


´ Page 107´

                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



                        THE OPPOSITION 



     No man likes being hungry。            No man likes being cold。 Everybody in 

Moscow�察�as in Petrograd�察�is both hungry and cold。                There is consequently 

very general and very bitter discontent。             This is of course increased�察�not 

lessened�察  �by   the   discipline   introduced   into   the   factories   and   the   heavy 

burden   of   the   army�察  �although   the   one   is   intended   to   hasten   the   end   of 

hunger   and   cold   and   the   other   for   the   defence   of   the   revolution。  The 

Communists�察�as the party in power�察�naturally bear the blame and are the 

objects   of   the   discontent�察  �which   will    certainly   within    a   short   time  be 

turned     upon     any   other    government       that   may     succeed     them。    That 

government must introduce sterner discipline rather than weaker�察�and the 

transport and other difficulties of the country will remain the same�察�unless 

increased   by   the   disorder   of   a   new   upheaval   and   the   active   or   passive 

resistance of many who are convinced revolutionaries or will become so in 

answer to repression。 

       The Communists believe that to let power slip from their hands at this 

moment   would   be   treachery   to   the   revolution。   And�察  �in   the   face   of   the 

advancing   forces   of   the Allies   and   Kolchak   many   of   the   leaders   of   the 

opposition are inclined to agree with them�察�and temporarily to submit to 

what  

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

低辛嬬浪散議