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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及4何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




Semenovsky regiment in existence�察�and that the manufacturers of the story�察�

every word of which was a lie�察�had no doubt tried to give realism to it by 

putting in the name of the regiment which had taken a chief part in putting 

down      the  Moscow       insurrection    of  fourteen    years   ago。   Pozern�察   �a  thin�察�

bearded   man�察  �with   glasses�察  �was   sitting   at   the   other   end   of   the   table�察  �as 

Military Commissar of the Northern Commune。 

        Dinner in Smolni was the same informal affair that it was in the old 

days�察  �only   with   much   less   to   eat。   The   Commissars�察  �men   and   women�察�

came   in   from   their   work�察  �took   their   places�察  �fed   and   went   back   to   work 

again�察�Zinoviev in particular staying only a few minutes。                   The meal was 

extremely simple�察�soup with shreds of horseflesh in it�察�very good indeed�察�

followed by a little kasha together with small slabs of some sort of white 

stuff of no particular consistency or taste。            Then tea and a lump of sugar。 


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                                      RUSSIA IN 1919 



The conversation was mostly about the chances of peace�察�and Litvinov's 

rather pessimistic reports were heard with disappointment。             Just as I had 

finished�察�Vorovsky�察  �Madame   Vorovsky  and   little   Nina�察  �together   with   the 

two Norwegians and the Swede�察�came in。 I learnt that about half the party 

were   going    on  to  Moscow   that    night  and�察  �deciding   to   go  with  them�察�

hurried off to the hotel。 


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                                       RUSSIA IN 1919 



           PETROGRAD TO MOSCOW 



     There    was�察  �of   course�察  �a  dreadful    scrimmage      about   getting   away。 

Several   people   were   not   ready   at   the   last   minute。   Only   one   motor   was 

obtainable for nine persons with their light luggage�察�and a motor lorry for 

the heavy things。       I chose to travel on the lorry with the luggage and had 

a fine bumpity drive to the station�察�reminding me of similar though livelier 

experiences in the earlier days of the revolution when lorries were used for 

the transport of machine guns�察�red guards�察�orators�察�enthusiasts of all kinds�察�

and any stray persons who happened to clamber on。 

       At the Nikolai Station we found perfect order until we got into our 

wagon�察  �an   old   third´class   wagon�察  �in   which   a   certain   number   of   places 

which one of the party had reserved had been occupied by people who had 

no right to be there。       Even this difficulty was smoothed out in a manner 

that would have been impossible a year or even six months ago。 

       The wagon was divided by a door in the middle。                There were open 

coup=82s and side seats which became plank beds when necessary。                       We 

slept   in   three   tiers   on   the   bare   boards。   I   had   a   very  decent   place   on   the 

second tier�察�and�察�by a bit of good luck�察�the topmost bench over my head 

was occupied only by luggage�察�which gave me room to climb up there and 

sit more or less upright under the   roof with my legs dangling above   the 

general tumult of mothers�察�babies�察�and Bolsheviks below。                At each station 

at which the train stopped there was a general procession backwards and 

forwards through the wagon。           Everybody who had a kettle or a coffee´pot 

or a tin can�察�or even an empty meat tin�察�crowded through the carriage and 

out to get boiling water。       I had nothing but a couple of thermos flasks�察�but 

with these  I  joined   the others。  〃From  every  carriage on   the train people 

poured out and hurried to the taps。          No one controlled the taps but�察�with 

the   instinct   for   co´operation   for   which   Russians   are   remarkable�察  �people 

formed   themselves   automatically   into   queues�察  �and   by   the   time   the   train 

started again everybody was back in his place and ready for a general tea´ 

drinking。     This performance was repeated again and again throughout the 

night。    People dozed off to sleep�察�woke up�察�drank more tea�察�and joined in 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



the various   conversations that   went   on   in different   parts   of   the   carriage。 

Up     aloft�察  �I  listened   first   to  one    and   then    to  another。     Some       were 

grumbling at the price of food。             Others were puzzling why other nations 

insisted on being at war with them。              One man said he was a co´operator 

who   had   come   by   roundabout   ways   from Archangel�察  �and   describing   the 

discontent there�察�told a story which I give as an illustration of the sort of 

thing that is being said in Russia by            non´Bolsheviks。         This man�察�in spite 

of the presence of many Communists in the carriage�察�did not disguise his 

hostility   to   their   theories   and   practice�察  �and   none   the   less   told   this   story。 

He said that some of the Russian troops in the Archangel district refused to 

go   to   the   front。  Their   commanders�察  �unable   to   compel   them�察          �resigned 

and   were   replaced   by   others   who�察  �since   the   men   persisted        in   refusal�察�

appealed   for   help。      The   barracks�察  �so   he   said�察  �were   then   surrounded   by 

American troops�察�and the Russians�察�who had refused to go to the front to 

fire on other Russians�察�were given the choice�察�either that every tenth man 

should      be  shot�察  �or   that   they   should    give    up   their  ringleaders。      The 

ringleaders�察�twelve in number�察�were given up�察�were made to dig their own 

graves�察�and shot。        The whole story may well be Archangel gossip。                   If so�察�

as a specimen of such gossip�察�it is not without significance。                      In another 

part of the carriage an argument on the true nature of selfishness caused 

some   heat   because   the   disputants   insisted   on   drawing   their   illustrations 

from each other's conduct。            Then there was the diversion of a swearing 

match at a wayside station between the conductor and some one who tried 

to   get   into   this   carriage   and   should   have   got   into   another。   Both   were 

fluent     and   imaginative      swearers�察    �and   even    the   man    from     Archangel 

stopped talking to listen to them。             One�察�I remember�察�prayed vehemently 

that   the   other's   hand    might   fly   off�察  �and  the   other�察  �not   to  be   outdone�察�

retorted     with   a  similar    prayer    with    regard   to   the  former's     head。    In 

England the dispute�察�which became very fierce indeed�察�would have ended 

in assault�察�but here it ended in nothing but the collection on the platform of 

a small crowd of experts in bad language who applauded verbal hits with 

impartiality and enthusiasm。 

       At last I tried to sleep�察�but the atmosphere in the carriage�察�of smoke�察�

babies�察    �stale  clothes�察   �and   the  peculiar    smell    of  the   Russian     peasantry 


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                                     RUSSIA IN 1919 



which no one who has known it can forget�察�made sleep impossible。               But I 

travelled    fairly  comfortably�察   �resolutely  shutting   my    ears  to  the  talk�察�

thinking of fishing in England�察�and shifting from one bone to another as 

each ached in turn from contact with the plank on which I lay。 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



              FIRST DAYS IN MOSCOW 



     It was a rare cold day when I struggled through the crowd out of the 

station in Moscow�察�and began fighting with the sledge´drivers who asked a 

hundred roubles to take me to the Metropole。              I remembered coming here 

a year ago with Colonel Robins�察�when we made ten roubles a limit for the 

journey and often travelled for eight。           To´day�察�after heated bargaining�察�I 

got carried with no luggage but a typewriter for fifty roubles。               The streets 

were white with deep snow�察�less well cleaned than the Petrograd streets of 

this   year   but   better   cleaned   than   the   Moscow   streets   of   last   year。 The 

tramways were running。           There seemed to be at least as many sledges as 

usual�察  �and   the  horses   were   in   slightly   better   condition   than   last   summer 

when   they   were   scarcely   able   to   drag   themselves   along。      I   asked   the 

reason of the improvement�察�and the driver told me the horses��26��were now 

rationed like human beings�察�and all got a small allowance of oats。                  There 

were crowds of people about�察�but the numbers of closed shops were very 

depressing。      I did not then know that this was due to the nationalization 

of   trade   and   a   sort   of   general   stock´taking�察  �the   object   of   which   was   to 

prevent profiteering in manufactured goods�察�etc。�察�of which there were not 

enough to   go   round。      Before I  left   many  shops were being   reopened   as 

national concerns�察�like our own National Kitchens。                Thus�察�one would see 

over a shop the inscription�察 �The 5th Boot Store of the Moscow Soviet; or 

;The 3rd Clothing Store of the Moscow Soviet; or ;The 11th Book Shop。; 

It   had   been   found   that   speculators   bought�察  �for   example�察  �half   a   dozen 

overcoats�察  �and   sold   them   to   the   highest   bidders�察  �thus   giving   the   rich   an 

advantage over the poor。          Now if a man needs a new suit he has to go in 

his rags to his House Committee�察�and satisfy them that he really needs a 

new suit for himself。        He is then given the right to buy a suit。             In this 

way an attempt is made to prevent speculation and to ensure a more or less 

equitable distribution of the inadequate stocks。            My greatest surprise wa

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