russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及4何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Semenovsky regiment in existence�察�and that the manufacturers of the story�察�
every word of which was a lie�察�had no doubt tried to give realism to it by
putting in the name of the regiment which had taken a chief part in putting
down the Moscow insurrection of fourteen years ago。 Pozern�察 �a thin�察�
bearded man�察 �with glasses�察 �was sitting at the other end of the table�察 �as
Military Commissar of the Northern Commune。
Dinner in Smolni was the same informal affair that it was in the old
days�察 �only with much less to eat。 The Commissars�察 �men and women�察�
came in from their work�察 �took their places�察 �fed and went back to work
again�察�Zinoviev in particular staying only a few minutes。 The meal was
extremely simple�察�soup with shreds of horseflesh in it�察�very good indeed�察�
followed by a little kasha together with small slabs of some sort of white
stuff of no particular consistency or taste。 Then tea and a lump of sugar。
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RUSSIA IN 1919
The conversation was mostly about the chances of peace�察�and Litvinov's
rather pessimistic reports were heard with disappointment。 Just as I had
finished�察�Vorovsky�察 �Madame Vorovsky and little Nina�察 �together with the
two Norwegians and the Swede�察�came in。 I learnt that about half the party
were going on to Moscow that night and�察 �deciding to go with them�察�
hurried off to the hotel。
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RUSSIA IN 1919
PETROGRAD TO MOSCOW
There was�察 �of course�察 �a dreadful scrimmage about getting away。
Several people were not ready at the last minute。 Only one motor was
obtainable for nine persons with their light luggage�察�and a motor lorry for
the heavy things。 I chose to travel on the lorry with the luggage and had
a fine bumpity drive to the station�察�reminding me of similar though livelier
experiences in the earlier days of the revolution when lorries were used for
the transport of machine guns�察�red guards�察�orators�察�enthusiasts of all kinds�察�
and any stray persons who happened to clamber on。
At the Nikolai Station we found perfect order until we got into our
wagon�察 �an old third´class wagon�察 �in which a certain number of places
which one of the party had reserved had been occupied by people who had
no right to be there。 Even this difficulty was smoothed out in a manner
that would have been impossible a year or even six months ago。
The wagon was divided by a door in the middle。 There were open
coup=82s and side seats which became plank beds when necessary。 We
slept in three tiers on the bare boards。 I had a very decent place on the
second tier�察�and�察�by a bit of good luck�察�the topmost bench over my head
was occupied only by luggage�察�which gave me room to climb up there and
sit more or less upright under the roof with my legs dangling above the
general tumult of mothers�察�babies�察�and Bolsheviks below。 At each station
at which the train stopped there was a general procession backwards and
forwards through the wagon。 Everybody who had a kettle or a coffee´pot
or a tin can�察�or even an empty meat tin�察�crowded through the carriage and
out to get boiling water。 I had nothing but a couple of thermos flasks�察�but
with these I joined the others。 〃From every carriage on the train people
poured out and hurried to the taps。 No one controlled the taps but�察�with
the instinct for co´operation for which Russians are remarkable�察 �people
formed themselves automatically into queues�察 �and by the time the train
started again everybody was back in his place and ready for a general tea´
drinking。 This performance was repeated again and again throughout the
night。 People dozed off to sleep�察�woke up�察�drank more tea�察�and joined in
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RUSSIA IN 1919
the various conversations that went on in different parts of the carriage。
Up aloft�察 �I listened first to one and then to another。 Some were
grumbling at the price of food。 Others were puzzling why other nations
insisted on being at war with them。 One man said he was a co´operator
who had come by roundabout ways from Archangel�察 �and describing the
discontent there�察�told a story which I give as an illustration of the sort of
thing that is being said in Russia by non´Bolsheviks。 This man�察�in spite
of the presence of many Communists in the carriage�察�did not disguise his
hostility to their theories and practice�察 �and none the less told this story。
He said that some of the Russian troops in the Archangel district refused to
go to the front。 Their commanders�察 �unable to compel them�察 �resigned
and were replaced by others who�察 �since the men persisted in refusal�察�
appealed for help。 The barracks�察 �so he said�察 �were then surrounded by
American troops�察�and the Russians�察�who had refused to go to the front to
fire on other Russians�察�were given the choice�察�either that every tenth man
should be shot�察 �or that they should give up their ringleaders。 The
ringleaders�察�twelve in number�察�were given up�察�were made to dig their own
graves�察�and shot。 The whole story may well be Archangel gossip。 If so�察�
as a specimen of such gossip�察�it is not without significance。 In another
part of the carriage an argument on the true nature of selfishness caused
some heat because the disputants insisted on drawing their illustrations
from each other's conduct。 Then there was the diversion of a swearing
match at a wayside station between the conductor and some one who tried
to get into this carriage and should have got into another。 Both were
fluent and imaginative swearers�察 �and even the man from Archangel
stopped talking to listen to them。 One�察�I remember�察�prayed vehemently
that the other's hand might fly off�察 �and the other�察 �not to be outdone�察�
retorted with a similar prayer with regard to the former's head。 In
England the dispute�察�which became very fierce indeed�察�would have ended
in assault�察�but here it ended in nothing but the collection on the platform of
a small crowd of experts in bad language who applauded verbal hits with
impartiality and enthusiasm。
At last I tried to sleep�察�but the atmosphere in the carriage�察�of smoke�察�
babies�察 �stale clothes�察 �and the peculiar smell of the Russian peasantry
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RUSSIA IN 1919
which no one who has known it can forget�察�made sleep impossible。 But I
travelled fairly comfortably�察 �resolutely shutting my ears to the talk�察�
thinking of fishing in England�察�and shifting from one bone to another as
each ached in turn from contact with the plank on which I lay。
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RUSSIA IN 1919
FIRST DAYS IN MOSCOW
It was a rare cold day when I struggled through the crowd out of the
station in Moscow�察�and began fighting with the sledge´drivers who asked a
hundred roubles to take me to the Metropole。 I remembered coming here
a year ago with Colonel Robins�察�when we made ten roubles a limit for the
journey and often travelled for eight。 To´day�察�after heated bargaining�察�I
got carried with no luggage but a typewriter for fifty roubles。 The streets
were white with deep snow�察�less well cleaned than the Petrograd streets of
this year but better cleaned than the Moscow streets of last year。 The
tramways were running。 There seemed to be at least as many sledges as
usual�察 �and the horses were in slightly better condition than last summer
when they were scarcely able to drag themselves along。 I asked the
reason of the improvement�察�and the driver told me the horses��26��were now
rationed like human beings�察�and all got a small allowance of oats。 There
were crowds of people about�察�but the numbers of closed shops were very
depressing。 I did not then know that this was due to the nationalization
of trade and a sort of general stock´taking�察 �the object of which was to
prevent profiteering in manufactured goods�察�etc。�察�of which there were not
enough to go round。 Before I left many shops were being reopened as
national concerns�察�like our own National Kitchens。 Thus�察�one would see
over a shop the inscription�察 �The 5th Boot Store of the Moscow Soviet; or
;The 3rd Clothing Store of the Moscow Soviet; or ;The 11th Book Shop。;
It had been found that speculators bought�察 �for example�察 �half a dozen
overcoats�察 �and sold them to the highest bidders�察 �thus giving the rich an
advantage over the poor。 Now if a man needs a new suit he has to go in
his rags to his House Committee�察�and satisfy them that he really needs a
new suit for himself。 He is then given the right to buy a suit。 In this
way an attempt is made to prevent speculation and to ensure a more or less
equitable distribution of the inadequate stocks。 My greatest surprise wa