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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及5何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
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equitable distribution of the inadequate stocks。            My greatest surprise was 

given     me    by  the   Metropole      itself�察 �because    the   old  wounds      of  the 

revolution�察�which were left unhealed all last summer�察�the shell´holes and 

bullet    splashes   which     marked    it  when    I  was   here   before�察  �have   been 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



repaired。 

       Litvinov had given me a letter to Karakhan of the Commissariat of 

Foreign Affairs�察�asking him to help me in getting a room。                 I found him at 

the   Metropole�察    �still  smoking     as  it  were  the   cigar  of   six  months    ago。 

Karakhan�察     �a  handsome      Armenian�察     �elegantly    bearded    and   moustached�察�

once   irreverently   described   by   Radek   as   ;a   donkey   of   classical   beauty�察─�

who     has   consistently     used    such   influence     as  he   has   in   favour    of 

moderation and agreement with the Allies�察�greeted me very cordially�察�and 

told me that the foreign visitors were to be housed in the Kremlin。                  I told 

him I should much prefer to live in an hotel in the ordinary way�察�and he at 

once set about getting a room for me。 This was no easy                 business�察�though 

he   obtained   an   authorization   from   Sverdlov�察  �president   of   the   executive 

committee�察�for me to live where I wished�察�in the Metropole or the National�察�

which are mostly reserved for Soviet delegates�察�officials and members of 

the Executive Committee。           Both were full�察�and he finally got me a room 

in   the   old   Loskutnaya   Hotel�察  �now   the   Red   Fleet�察  �partially   reserved   for 

sailor delegates and members of the Naval College。 

       Rooms are distributed on much the same plan as clothes。 Housing is 

considered       a   State   monopoly�察      �and    a   general    census     of   housing 

accommodation         has   taken    place。   In  every    district  there   are   housing 

committees   to   whom   people   wanting   rooms   apply。          They   work   on   the 

rough and ready theory that until every man has one room no one has a 

right to two。      An Englishman acting as manager of works near Moscow 

told me that part of his house had been allotted to workers in his factory�察�

who�察�however�察�were living with him amicably�察�and had�察�I think�察�allowed 

him to choose which rooms he should concede。                 This plan has�察�of course�察�

proved   very   hard   on   house´owners�察  �and   in   some   cases   the   new   tenants 

have   made   a   horrible   mess   of   the   houses�察  �as   might�察  �indeed�察  �have   been 

expected�察�seeing that they had previously been of              those who had suffered 

directly from the decivilizing influences of overcrowding。                  After talking 

for some time we went round the corner to the Commissariat for Foreign 

Affairs�察�where we found Chicherin who�察�I thought�察�had aged a good deal 

and was ��though this was perhaps his manner�� less cordial than Karakhan。 

He asked about England�察 �and I told him  Litvinov knew more about that 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



than I�察�since he had been there more recently。              He asked what I thought 

would be the effect of his Note with detailed terms published that day。                  I 

told   him   that   Litvinov�察  �in  an  interview    which    I  had   telegraphed�察   �had 

mentioned somewhat similar terms some time before�察�and that personally I 

doubted whether the Allies would at present come to any agreement with 

the   Soviet   Government�察  �but   that�察  �if   the   Soviet   Government   lasted�察  �my 

personal opinion was that the commercial isolation of so vast a country as 

Russia could hardly be prolonged indefinitely on that account alone。 ��For 

the general attitude to that Note�察�see page 44。�� 

       I then met Voznesensky ��Left Social Revolutionary���察�of the Oriental 

Department�察�bursting with criticism of the Bolshevik attitude towards his 

party。    He secured a ticket for me to get dinner in the Metropole。                 This 

ticket I had to surrender when I got a room in the National。                 The dinner 

consisted of a plate of soup�察�and a very small portion of something else。 

There     are  National    Kitchens    in  different   parts  of   the  town   supplying 

similar    meals。    Glasses     of  weak     tea  were   sold   at  30   kopecks    each�察�

without   sugar。     My   sister   had   sent   me   a   small   bottle   of   saccharine   just 

before I left Stockholm�察�and it was pathetic to see the childish delight with 

which some of my friends drank glasses of sweetened tea。 

       〃From the Metropole I went to the Red Fleet to get my room fixed up。 

Six months ago there were comparatively clean rooms here�察�but the sailors 

have demoralized the hotel and its filth is indescribable。               There was no 

heating and very little light。       A samovar left after the departure of the last 

visitor was standing on the table�察�together with some dirty curl´papers and 

other rubbish。      I   got   the waiter   to   clean up   more   or less�察 �and ordered   a 

new samovar。        He could not supply spoon�察�knife�察�or fork�察�and only with 

great difficulty was persuaded to lend me glasses。 

       The telephone�察�however�察�was working�察�and after tea I got into touch 

with    Madame      Radek�察    �who    had   moved     from   the   Metropole     into   the 

Kremlin。      I had not yet got a pass to the Kremlin�察�so she arranged to meet 

me and get a pass for me from the Commandant。                   I walked through the 

snow to the white gate at the end of the bridge which leads over the garden 

up a steep incline to the Kremlin。           Here a fire of logs was burning�察�and 

three soldiers were sitting around it。 Madame Radek was waiting for me�察�


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



warming her hands at the fire�察�and we went together into the citadel of the 

republic。 

       A meeting of the People's Commissars was going on in the Kremlin�察�

and on an open space under the ancient churches were a number of motors 

black on the snow。         We turned to the right down the Dvortzovaya street�察�

between   the   old   Cavalier   House   and   the   Potyeshny   Palace�察  �and   went   in 

through a door under the archway that crosses the road�察�and up some dark 

flights of stairs to a part of the building that used�察�I think�察�to be called the 

Pleasure   Palace。      Here�察  �in   a   wonderful   old   room�察  �hung   with   Gobelins 

tapestries   absolutely   undamaged   by   the   revolution�察  �and   furnished   with 

carved   chairs�察  �we   found   the   most   incongruous   figure   of   the   old   Swiss 

internationalist�察�Karl Moor�察�who talked with affection of Keir Hardie and 

of Hyndman�察 �in the days when he was a socialist�察─�and was disappointed 

to find that I knew so little about them。           Madame Radek asked�察�of course�察�

for   the   latest  news    of  Radek�察    �and   I  told  her   that  I  had   read   in  the 

Stockholm   papers   that   he   had   gone   to   Brunswick�察  �and   was   said   to   be 

living in the palace there。*        �В�*��It was not till later that we learned he had 

returned to Berlin�察�been arrested�察�and put in prison。�А             �She feared he might 

have been in Bremen when that town was taken by the Government troops�察�

and did not believe he would ever get back to Russia。 She asked me�察�did I 

not feel already ��as indeed I did�� the enormous difference which the last 

six months had made   in strengthening the revolution。                  I   asked after   old 

acquaintances�察 �and   learnt   that   Pyatakov�察  �who�察 �when   I   last   saw  him�察  �was 

praying that the Allies should give him machine rifles to use against the 

Germans   in   the   Ukraine�察  �had   been   the   first   President   of   the   Ukrainian 

Soviet Republic�察�but had since been replaced by Rakovsky。                      It had been 

found   that   the   views   of   the   Pyatakov   government   were   further   left   than 

those of its supporters�察�and so Pyatakov had given way to Rakovsky who 

was   better   able   to   conduct   a   more   moderate   policy。    The   Republic   had 

been proclaimed in Kharkov�察�but at that time Kiev was still in the hands of 

the Directorate。 

       That night my room in the Red Fleet was so cold that I went to bed in 

a sheepskin coat under rugs and all possible bedclothes with a mattress on 

the top。    Even so I slept very badly。 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



     The next day I spent in vain wrestlings to get a better room。 Walking 

about the town I found it dotted with revolutionary sculptures�察�some very 

bad�察   �others    interesting�察    �all  done    in   some     haste   and    set   up   for   the 

celebrations   of   the   anniversary   of   the   revolution   last   November。            The 

painters     also   had   been    turned    loose    to  do   what    they   could    with    the 

hoardings�察 �and   though  the   weather   had damaged   many  of   their   pictures�察�

enough   was   left   to   show   what   an   extraordinary   carnival   that   had   been。 

Where      a  hoarding      ran  along    the   front   of  a  house     being    repaired    the 

painters   had   used   the   whole   of   it   as   a   vast   canvas   on   which   they   had 

painted huge symbolic pictures of the revolution。                    A whole block in the 

Tverskaya   was   so   decorated。          Best�察  �I   think�察  �were   the   row   of   wooden 

booths almost opposite the Hotel National in the Okhotnia Ryadi。 These 

had   been   painted   by   the   futurists   or   kindred   artists�察  �and   made   a   really 

delightful effect�察�their bright colours and

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