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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及7何蛍

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Ukrainian sausage。 

       Besides     the  food   obtainable     on   cards   it  was   possible    to  buy�察  �at 

ruinous prices�察�food from speculators�察�and an idea of the difference in the 

prices may be obtained from the following examples�此�Bread is one rouble 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



20 kopecks per pound by card and 15 to 20 roubles per pound from the 

speculators。 Sugar is 12 roubles per pound by card�察�and never less than 50 

roubles per pound in the open market。              It is obvious that abolition of the 

card   system   would   mean   that   the   rich   would   have   enough   and   the   poor 

nothing。      Various   methods   have   been   tried   in   the   effort   to   get   rid   of 

speculators   whose   high   profits   naturally   decrease   the   willingness   of   the 

villages to sell bread at less abnormal rates。           But as a Communist said to 

me�察 �There is only one way to get rid of speculation�察�and that is to supply 

enough   on   the   card   system。     When   People   can   buy   all   they   want   at   1 

rouble     20   they   are   not   going    to  pay   an   extra    14   roubles    for  the 

encouragement of speculators。; ;And when will you be able to do that�拭─�I 

asked。     ;As   soon    as   the   war  ends�察  �and   we   can   use   our   transport  for 

peaceful purposes。; 

       There   can   be   no   question   about   the   starvation   of   Moscow。   On   the 

third day after my arrival in Moscow I saw a man driving a sledge laden 

with�察�I think�察�horseflesh�察�mostly bones�察�probably dead sledge horses。                   As 

he drove a black crowd of crows followed the sledge and perched on it�察�

tearing greedily at the meat。         He beat at them continually with his whip�察�

but    they   were   so   famished     that  they   took   no   notice   whatever。     The 

starving crows used even to force their way through the small ventilators 

of the windows in my hotel to pick up any scraps they could find inside。 

The pigeons�察�which formerly crowded the streets�察�utterly undismayed by 

the   traffic�察  �confident   in   the   security   given   by   their   supposed   connection 

with religion�察�have completely disappeared。 

       Nor   can there   be any  question   about   the   cold。     I   resented   my   own 

sufferings less when I found that the State Departments were no better off 

than other folk。      Even in the Kremlin I found the Keeper of the Archives 

sitting at work in an old sheepskin coat and felt boots�察�rising now and then 

to beat vitality into his freezing hands like a London cabman of old times。 



       THE     EXECUTIVE          COMMITTEE            ON    THE     REPLY       TO    THE 

PRINKIPO PROPOSAL 

       February 10th。 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



     It   will   be   remembered        that   a  proposal     was    made     by   the   Peace 

Conference that the various de facto governments of Russia should meet 

on    an   island   in  the   Bosphorus      to   discuss    matters�察   �an  armistice     being 

arranged       meanwhile。        No     direct    invitation    was    sent    to  the    Soviet 

Government。         After attempting to obtain particulars through the editor of 

a French socialist paper�察�Chicherin on February 4th sent a long note to the 

Allies。     The note was not at first considered with great favour in Russia�察�

although      it  was   approved      by   the   opposition     parties    on   the  right�察  �the 

Mensheviks even going so far as to say that in sending such a note�察 �the 

Bolsheviks were acting in the interest of the whole of the Russian people。 

The     opposition     on   the   left  complained       that   it  was   a  betrayal    of   the 

revolution into the hands of the Entente�察�and there were many Bolsheviks 

who   said   openly   that   they   thought   it   went   a   little   too   far   in   the   way   of 

concession。       On February 10th�察�the Executive Committee met to consider 

the international position。 

        Before proceeding   to   an   account   of   that   meeting�察  �it   will   be   well   to 

make a short summary of the note in question。 Chicherin�察�after referring to 

the fact that no invitation had been addressed to them and that the absence 

of a reply from them was being treated as the rejection of a proposal they 

had   never   received�察  �said   that   in   spite   of   its   more   and   more   favourable 

position�察    �the   Russian      Soviet    Government        considered       a  cessation     of 

hostilities so desirable that it was ready immediately to begin negotiations�察�

and�察�as it had more than once declared�察�to secure agreement ;even at the 

cost   of   serious   concessions   in   so   far   as   these   should   not   threaten   the 

development of the Republic。; ;Taking into consideration that the enemies 

against     whom      it  has   to   struggle    borrow     their   strength     of  resistance 

exclusively from the help shown them by the powers of the Entente�察�and 

that   therefore   these   powers   are   the   only   actual   enemy   of   the   Russian 

Soviet Government�察 �the latter   addresses itself precisely  to the powers   of 

the Entente�察�setting out the points on which it considers such concessions 

possible   with   a   view   to   the   ending   of   every   kind   of   conflict   with   the 

aforesaid      powers。;     There     follows    a   list  of  the   concessions       they   are 

prepared   to   make。       The   first   of   these   is   recognition   of   their   debts�察  �the 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



interest on which�察 �in view of Russia's difficult financial position and her 

unsatisfactory credit�察─�they propose to guarantee in raw materials。                     Then�察�

;in   view   of   the   interest   continually   expressed   by   foreign   capital   in   the 

question   of the  exploitation   for  its   advantage of   the natural   resources of 

Russia�察�the Soviet Government is ready to give to subjects of the powers 

of   the   Entente   mineral�察  �timber   and   other   concessions�察  �to   be   defined   in 

detail�察�on condition that the economic and social structure of Soviet Russia 

shall not be touched   by the internal arrangements of these   concessions。; 

The     last  point   is  that  which     roused    most    opposition。     It   expresses     a 

willingness to negotiate even concerning such annexations�察�hidden or open�察�

as the Allies may have in mind。             The words used are ;The Russian Soviet 

Government has not the intention of excluding at all costs consideration of 

the   question   of   annexations�察  �etc。   。   。   。;   Then�察   �by   annexations   must   be 

understood the retention on this or that part of the territory of what was the 

Russian Empire�察�not including Poland and Finland�察�of armed forces of the 

Entente   or   of   such   forces   as   are   maintained   by   the   governments   of   the 

Entente     or   enjoy    their  financial�察   �military�察  �technical    or   other   support。; 

There follows a statement that the extent of the concessions will depend 

on the military  position。         Chicherin proceeds to give a rather   optimistic 

account of the external and internal situation。               Finally he touches on the 

question      of   propaganda。        ;The      Russian     Soviet    Government�察       �while 

pointing   out   that   it   cannot   limit   the   freedom   of   the   revolutionary   press�察�

declares     its  readiness�察   �in   case   of  necessity     to  include    in  the   general 

agreement with the powers of the Entente the obligation not to interfere in 

their   internal   affairs。;   The   note   ends   thus�此   �On   the   foregoing   bases   the 

Russian   Soviet   Government   is   ready   immediately   to   begin   negotiations 

either   on   Prinkipo   island   or   in   any   other   place   whatsoever   with   all   the 

powers of the Entente together or with separate powers of their number�察�

or   with   any   Russian   political   groupings   whatsoever�察          �according   to   the 

wishes of the powers of the Entente。 The Russian Soviet Government begs 

the   powers   of   the   Entente   immediately   to   inform   it   whither   to   send   its 

representatives�察�and precisely when and by what route。;                      This note was 

dated February 4th�察�and was sent out by wireless。 


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                                           RUSSIA IN 1919 



     〃From   the   moment   when   the   note   appeared   in   the   newspapers   of 

February 5th�察�it had been the main subject of conversation。                        Every point 

in   it  was    criticized   and    counter´criticized�察      �but   even   its  critics�察  �though 

anxious to preserve their criticism as a basis for political action afterwards�察�

were   desperately   anxious   that   it   should   meet   with   a   reply。         No   one   in 

Moscow at that time could have the slightest misgiving about the warlike 

tendencies of the revolution。             The overwhelming mass of the people and 

of    the   revolutionary      leaders    want     peace�察   �and   only    continued      warfare 

forced upon them could turn their desire for peace into desperate�察�resentful 

aggression。       Everywhere  I   heard   the   same   story�此   �We   cannot   get   things 

straight while we have to fight all the time。; They would not admit it�察�I am 

sure�察  �but   few   of   the   Soviet   leaders   who   have   now   for   eighteen   months 

been wrestling with the difficulties of European Russia have not acquired�察�

as   it   were   in   spite   of   themselves�察  �a   national�察  �domestic   point   of   view。 

They are thinking less about world revolution than about getting bread to 

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