russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及7何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Ukrainian sausage。
Besides the food obtainable on cards it was possible to buy�察 �at
ruinous prices�察�food from speculators�察�and an idea of the difference in the
prices may be obtained from the following examples�此�Bread is one rouble
´ Page 26´
RUSSIA IN 1919
20 kopecks per pound by card and 15 to 20 roubles per pound from the
speculators。 Sugar is 12 roubles per pound by card�察�and never less than 50
roubles per pound in the open market。 It is obvious that abolition of the
card system would mean that the rich would have enough and the poor
nothing。 Various methods have been tried in the effort to get rid of
speculators whose high profits naturally decrease the willingness of the
villages to sell bread at less abnormal rates。 But as a Communist said to
me�察 �There is only one way to get rid of speculation�察�and that is to supply
enough on the card system。 When People can buy all they want at 1
rouble 20 they are not going to pay an extra 14 roubles for the
encouragement of speculators。; ;And when will you be able to do that�拭─�I
asked。 ;As soon as the war ends�察 �and we can use our transport for
peaceful purposes。;
There can be no question about the starvation of Moscow。 On the
third day after my arrival in Moscow I saw a man driving a sledge laden
with�察�I think�察�horseflesh�察�mostly bones�察�probably dead sledge horses。 As
he drove a black crowd of crows followed the sledge and perched on it�察�
tearing greedily at the meat。 He beat at them continually with his whip�察�
but they were so famished that they took no notice whatever。 The
starving crows used even to force their way through the small ventilators
of the windows in my hotel to pick up any scraps they could find inside。
The pigeons�察�which formerly crowded the streets�察�utterly undismayed by
the traffic�察 �confident in the security given by their supposed connection
with religion�察�have completely disappeared。
Nor can there be any question about the cold。 I resented my own
sufferings less when I found that the State Departments were no better off
than other folk。 Even in the Kremlin I found the Keeper of the Archives
sitting at work in an old sheepskin coat and felt boots�察�rising now and then
to beat vitality into his freezing hands like a London cabman of old times。
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON THE REPLY TO THE
PRINKIPO PROPOSAL
February 10th。
´ Page 27´
RUSSIA IN 1919
It will be remembered that a proposal was made by the Peace
Conference that the various de facto governments of Russia should meet
on an island in the Bosphorus to discuss matters�察 �an armistice being
arranged meanwhile。 No direct invitation was sent to the Soviet
Government。 After attempting to obtain particulars through the editor of
a French socialist paper�察�Chicherin on February 4th sent a long note to the
Allies。 The note was not at first considered with great favour in Russia�察�
although it was approved by the opposition parties on the right�察 �the
Mensheviks even going so far as to say that in sending such a note�察 �the
Bolsheviks were acting in the interest of the whole of the Russian people。
The opposition on the left complained that it was a betrayal of the
revolution into the hands of the Entente�察�and there were many Bolsheviks
who said openly that they thought it went a little too far in the way of
concession。 On February 10th�察�the Executive Committee met to consider
the international position。
Before proceeding to an account of that meeting�察 �it will be well to
make a short summary of the note in question。 Chicherin�察�after referring to
the fact that no invitation had been addressed to them and that the absence
of a reply from them was being treated as the rejection of a proposal they
had never received�察 �said that in spite of its more and more favourable
position�察 �the Russian Soviet Government considered a cessation of
hostilities so desirable that it was ready immediately to begin negotiations�察�
and�察�as it had more than once declared�察�to secure agreement ;even at the
cost of serious concessions in so far as these should not threaten the
development of the Republic。; ;Taking into consideration that the enemies
against whom it has to struggle borrow their strength of resistance
exclusively from the help shown them by the powers of the Entente�察�and
that therefore these powers are the only actual enemy of the Russian
Soviet Government�察 �the latter addresses itself precisely to the powers of
the Entente�察�setting out the points on which it considers such concessions
possible with a view to the ending of every kind of conflict with the
aforesaid powers。; There follows a list of the concessions they are
prepared to make。 The first of these is recognition of their debts�察 �the
´ Page 28´
RUSSIA IN 1919
interest on which�察 �in view of Russia's difficult financial position and her
unsatisfactory credit�察─�they propose to guarantee in raw materials。 Then�察�
;in view of the interest continually expressed by foreign capital in the
question of the exploitation for its advantage of the natural resources of
Russia�察�the Soviet Government is ready to give to subjects of the powers
of the Entente mineral�察 �timber and other concessions�察 �to be defined in
detail�察�on condition that the economic and social structure of Soviet Russia
shall not be touched by the internal arrangements of these concessions。;
The last point is that which roused most opposition。 It expresses a
willingness to negotiate even concerning such annexations�察�hidden or open�察�
as the Allies may have in mind。 The words used are ;The Russian Soviet
Government has not the intention of excluding at all costs consideration of
the question of annexations�察 �etc。 。 。 。; Then�察 �by annexations must be
understood the retention on this or that part of the territory of what was the
Russian Empire�察�not including Poland and Finland�察�of armed forces of the
Entente or of such forces as are maintained by the governments of the
Entente or enjoy their financial�察 �military�察 �technical or other support。;
There follows a statement that the extent of the concessions will depend
on the military position。 Chicherin proceeds to give a rather optimistic
account of the external and internal situation。 Finally he touches on the
question of propaganda。 ;The Russian Soviet Government�察 �while
pointing out that it cannot limit the freedom of the revolutionary press�察�
declares its readiness�察 �in case of necessity to include in the general
agreement with the powers of the Entente the obligation not to interfere in
their internal affairs。; The note ends thus�此 �On the foregoing bases the
Russian Soviet Government is ready immediately to begin negotiations
either on Prinkipo island or in any other place whatsoever with all the
powers of the Entente together or with separate powers of their number�察�
or with any Russian political groupings whatsoever�察 �according to the
wishes of the powers of the Entente。 The Russian Soviet Government begs
the powers of the Entente immediately to inform it whither to send its
representatives�察�and precisely when and by what route。; This note was
dated February 4th�察�and was sent out by wireless。
´ Page 29´
RUSSIA IN 1919
〃From the moment when the note appeared in the newspapers of
February 5th�察�it had been the main subject of conversation。 Every point
in it was criticized and counter´criticized�察 �but even its critics�察 �though
anxious to preserve their criticism as a basis for political action afterwards�察�
were desperately anxious that it should meet with a reply。 No one in
Moscow at that time could have the slightest misgiving about the warlike
tendencies of the revolution。 The overwhelming mass of the people and
of the revolutionary leaders want peace�察 �and only continued warfare
forced upon them could turn their desire for peace into desperate�察�resentful
aggression。 Everywhere I heard the same story�此 �We cannot get things
straight while we have to fight all the time。; They would not admit it�察�I am
sure�察 �but few of the Soviet leaders who have now for eighteen months
been wrestling with the difficulties of European Russia have not acquired�察�
as it were in spite of themselves�察 �a national�察 �domestic point of view。
They are thinking less about world revolution than about getting bread to