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kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(謎霧)-及6何蛍

弌傍�� kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(謎霧) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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temple�察�she saw her mirror lying in the court´yard�察�behind a railing�察�among 

hundreds of other mirrors heaped there together。 She knew it by the Sho´ 

Chiku´Bai in relief on the back of it�察�those three fortunate emblems of 

Pine�察�Bamboo�察�and Plumflower�察�which delighted her baby´eyes when her 

mother first showed her the mirror。 She longed for some chance to steal 

the mirror�察�and hide it�察�that she might thereafter treasure it always。 But 

the chance did not come�察�and she became very unhappy�察�felt as if she had 

foolishly given away a part of her life。 She thought about the old saying 

that a mirror is the Soul of a Woman  ��a saying mystically expressed�察�by 

the Chinese character for Soul�察�upon the backs of many bronze mirrors���察�

and   she    feared   that  it  was   true   in  weirder   ways    than   she  had   before 



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imagined。 But she could not dare to speak of her pain to anybody。 



     Now�察  �when   all   the   mirrors   contributed   for   the   Mugenyama   bell   had 

been sent to the foundry�察�the bell´founders discovered that there was one 

mirror among them which would not melt。 Again and again they tried to 

melt it�察�but it resisted all their efforts。 Evidently the woman who had given 

that   mirror   to   the   temple   must   have   regretted   the   giving。   She   had   not 

presented   her   offering   with   all   her   heart�察  �and   therefore   her   selfish   soul�察�

remaining attached to the mirror�察�kept it hard and cold in the midst of the 

furnace。 

       Of course everybody heard of the matter�察�and everybody soon knew 

whose   mirror   it   was   that   would   not   melt。   And   because   of   this   public 

exposure of her secret fault�察�the poor woman became very much ashamed 

and very angry。 And as she could not bear the shame�察�she drowned herself�察�

after having written a farewell letter containing these words�此�



     ;When I am dead�察�it will not be difficult to melt the mirror and to cast 

the bell。 But�察�to the person who breaks that bell by ringing it�察�great wealth 

will be given by the ghost of me。; 



      You must know that the last wish or promise of anybody who dies in 

anger�察  �or   performs   suicide   in   anger�察  �is   generally   supposed   to   possess   a 

supernatural force。 After the dead   woman's   mirror had been   melted�察 �and 

the bell had been successfully cast�察�people remembered the words of that 

letter。 They felt sure that the spirit of the writer would give wealth to the 

breaker   of   the   bell�察  �and�察  �as   soon   as   the   bell   had   been   suspended   in   the 

court of the temple�察�they went in multitude to ring it。 With all their might 

and main they swung the ringing´beam�察�but the bell proved to be a good 

bell�察�and it bravely withstood their assaults。 Nevertheless�察�the people were 

not easily discouraged。 Day after day�察�at all hours�察�they continued to ring 

the bell furiously�察�caring nothing whatever for the protests of the priests。 

So   the   ringing   became   an   affliction�察  �and the   priests   could not   endure   it�察�

and they got rid of the bell by rolling it down the hill into a swamp。 The 

swamp was deep�察�and swallowed it up�察�and that was the end of the bell。 



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Only its legend remains�察�and in that legend it is called the Mugen´Kane�察�or 

Bell of Mugen。 

     * * * 



     Now there are queer old Japanese beliefs in the magical efficacy of a 

certain     mental    operation     implied�察    �though    not   described�察    �by   the   verb 

nazoraeru。 The word itself cannot be adequately rendered by any English 

word�察�for it is used in relation to many kinds of mimetic magic�察�as well as 

in   relation   to   the   performance   of   many   religious   acts   of   faith。   Common 

meanings   of   nazoraeru�察  �according   to   dictionaries�察  �are   ;to          imitate�察─   �to 

compare�察─       �to   liken�察─   �but   the   esoteric    meaning      is   to  substitute�察   �in 

imagination�察�one  object or   action for  another�察�so   as to   bring about   some 

magical or miraculous result。 

       For example�此�you cannot afford to build a Buddhist temple�察�but you 

can   easily   lay   a   pebble   before   the   image   of   the   Buddha�察  �with   the   same 

pious   feeling   that   would   prompt   you   to   build   a   temple   if   you   were   rich 

enough to build one。 The merit of so offering the pebble becomes equal�察�or 

almost equal�察�to the merit of erecting a temple。。。 You cannot read the six 

thousand seven hundred and seventy´one volumes of the Buddhist texts�察�

but   you   can   make   a   revolving   library�察  �containing   them�察  �turn   round�察  �by 

pushing it like a windlass。 and if you push with an earnest wish that you 

could read the six thousand seven hundred and seventy´one volumes�察�you 

will acquire the same merit has the reading of them would enable you to 

gain。。。 So much will perhaps suffice to explain the religious meanings of 

nazoraeru。 

       The   magical   meanings   could   not   all   be   explained   without   a   great 

variety of examples�察�but�察�for present purposes�察�the following will serve。 If 

you   should   make   a   little   man   of   straw�察  �for   the   same   reason   that   Sister 

Helen made a little man of wax�察�and nail it�察�with nails not less than five 

inches long�察�to some tree in a temple´grove at the Hour of the Ox ��2���察�

and    if  the   person�察   �imaginatively   represented        by   that   little  straw   man�察�

should      die   thereafter    in  atrocious     agony�察   �that   would     illustrate   one 

signification   of   nazoraeru。。。   Or�察  �let   us   suppose   that   a   robber  has   entered 

your house during the night�察�and carried away your valuables。 If you can 



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discover the   footprints of   that   robber in   your   garden�察 �and then promptly 

burn a very large moxa on each of them�察�the soles of the feet of the robber 

will become inflamed�察�and will allow him no rest until he returns�察�of his 

own accord�察�to put himself at your mercy。 That is another kind of mimetic 

magic expressed by the term nazoraeru。 And a third kind is illustrated by 

various legends of the Mugen´Kane。 



     After the bell had been rolled into the swamp�察�there was�察�of course�察�no 

more   chance   of   ringing   it   in   such   wise   as   to   break   it。   But   persons   who 

regretted     this   loss   of   opportunity     would     strike   and    break    objects 

imaginatively substituted for the bell�察�thus hoping to please the spirit of 

the   owner   of   the   mirror   that   had   made   so   much   trouble。   One   of   these 

persons was a woman called Umegae�察�famed in Japanese legend because 

of her relation to Kajiwara Kagesue�察�a warrior of the Heike clan。 While the 

pair   were   traveling   together�察  �Kajiwara   one   day   found   himself   in   great 

straits for want of money�察�and Umegae�察�remembering the tradition of the 

Bell of Mugen�察�took a basin of bronze�察�and�察�mentally representing it to be 

the bell�察�beat upon it until she broke it�察�crying out�察�at the same time�察�for 

three   hundred   pieces   of   gold。   A   guest   of   the   inn   where   the   pair   were 

stopping made inquiry as to the cause of the banging and the crying�察�and�察�

on learning the story of the trouble�察�actually presented Umegae with three 

hundred   ryo   ��3��   in   gold。   Afterwards   a   song   was   made   about   Umegae's 

basin of bronze�察�and that song is sung by dancing girls even to this day�此�

       Umegae no chozubachi tataite O´kane ga deru naraba Mina San mi´ 

uke wo Sore tanomimasu 

     �А�If�察  �by   striking   upon    the  wash´basin      of  Umegae�察     �I  could   make 

honorable money come to me�察�then would I negotiate for the freedom of 

all my girl´comrades。;�А�



     After this happening�察�the fame of the Mugen´Kane became great�察�and 

many      people    followed    the   example     of  Umegae�察     �thereby    hoping    to 

emulate her luck。 Among these folk was a dissolute farmer who lived near 

Mugenyama�察�on t he bank of the Oigawa。 Having wasted his substance in 

riotous living�察�this farmer made for himself�察�out of the mud in his garden�察�



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a clay´model of the Mugen´Kane�察�and he beat the clay´bell�察�and broke it�察�

crying out the while for great wealth。 

       ;Then�察�out of the ground before him�察�rose up the figure of a white´ 

robed woman�察�with long loose´flowing hair�察�holding a covered jar。 And the 

woman said�此 �I have come to answer your fervent prayer as it deserves to 

be answered。 Take�察�therefore�察�this jar。; So saying�察�she put the jar into his 

hands�察�and disappeared。 

       Into his house the happy man rushed�察�to tell his wife the good news。 

He set down in front of her the covered jar�察�which was heavy�察�and they 

opened it together。 And they found that it was filled�察�up to the very brim�察�

with。。。 

       But no�  �I really cannot tell you with what it was filled。 



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                                   JIKININKI 



     Once�察�when Muso Kokushi�察�a priest of the Zen sect�察�was journeying 

alone   through   the   province   of   Mino   ��1���察 �he   lost   his   way  in   a   mountain´ 

district    where     there   was    nobody     to  direct    him。   For   a   long   time    he 

wandered   about   helplessly�察�

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

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