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及11何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及11何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




Yi ��。�� ��。�� of the text。 

     ��3�А�Asoka is here mentioned for the first time��the Constantine of the 

Buddhist society�察�and famous for the number of viharas and topes which 

he   erected。   He   was   the   grandson   of   Chandragupta   ��i。q。   Sandracottus���察  �a 

rude adventurer�察�who at one time was a refugee in the camp of Alexander 

the Great�察�and within about twenty years afterwards drove the Greeks out 

of India�察�having defeated Seleucus�察�the Greek ruler of the Indus provinces。 

He   had   by   that   time   made   himself   king   of   Magadha。   His   grandson   was 

converted   to   Buddhism   by   the   bold   and   patient   demeanour   of   an Arhat 

whom   he   had   ordered   to   be   buried   alive�察  �and   became   a   most   zealous 

supporter of the new faith。 Dr。 Rhys Davids ��Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 

xi�察  �p。  xlvi��  says   that  ;Asoka's    coronation     can   be  fixed   with   absolute 

certainty within a year or two either way of 267 B。C。; 

     ��4�А  �This   also   is   a   Jataka   story�察  �but   Eitel   thinks   it   may   be   a   myth�察�

constructed from the story of the blinding of Dharma´vivardhana。 



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                            CHAPTER XI 



    TAKSHASILA。 LEGENDS。 THE FOUR GREAT TOPES。 

    Seven days' journey from this to the east brought the travellers to the 

kingdom      of  Takshasila�撮�1�А   �which    means    ;the  severed    head;   in  the 

language of China。 Here�察�when Buddha was a Bodhisattva�察�he gave away 

his   head   to   a   man�撮�2�А  �and   from   this   circumstance   the   kingdom   got   its 

name。 

    Going on further for two days to the east�察�they came to the place where 

the Bodhisattva threw down his body to feed a starving tigress。��2�А�In these 

two places also large topes have been built�察�both adorned with layers of all 

the    precious   substances。    The   kings�察  �ministers�察  �and   peoples    of  the 

kingdoms around vie with one another in making offerings at them。 The 

trains of those who come to scatter flowers and light lamps at them never 

cease。 The nations of those quarters all those ��and the other two mentioned 

before�� ;the four great topes。; 



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                                         NOTES 



     ��1�А  �See   Julien's  ;Methode      pour   dechiffrer   et  transcrire   les  Nomes 

Sanscrits�察─�p。 206。 Eitel says�察 �The Taxila of the Greeks�察�the region near 

Hoosun Abdaul in lat。 35d 48s N。�察�lon。 72d 44s E。 But this identification�察�I 

am     satisfied�察 �is  wrong。     Cunningham�察      �indeed�察   �takes   credit   �─�Ancient 

Geography of India�察─�pp。 108�察�109�� for determining this to be the site of 

Arrian's     Taxila��in   the   upper    Punjab�察   �still  existing   in  the   ruins   of 

Shahdheri�察�between the Indus and Hydaspes ��the modern Jhelum��。 So far 

he   may   be   correct�察  �but   the   Takshasila   of   Fa´hien   was   on   the   other�察  �or 

western side of the Indus�察�and between the river and Gandhara。 It took him�察�

indeed�察�seven days   travelling eastwards to reach it�察�but   we do not   know 

what   stoppages   he   may   have   made   on   the   way。   We   must   be   wary   in 

reckoning distances from his specifications of days。 

     ��2�А�Two Jataka stories。 See the account of the latter in Spence Hardy's 

;Manual of Buddhism�察─�pp。 91�察�92。 It took place when Buddha had been 

born as a Brahman in the village of Daliddi�察�and from the merit of the act�察�

he was next born in a devaloka。 



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                             CHAPTER XII 



     PURUSHAPURA�察            �OR   PESHAWUR。          PROPHECY         ABOUT       KING 

KANISHKA AND HIS TOPE。 BUDDHA'S ALMS´BOWL。 DEATH OF 

HWUY´YING。 

     Going southwards from Gandhara�察。�the travellers�� in four days arrived 

at the kingdom of Purushapura。��1�А�Formerly�察�when Buddha was travelling 

in this   country  with his   disciples�察 �he   said   to Ananda�撮�2�А  �After  my  pari´ 

nirvana�撮�3�А�there will be a king named Kanishka�撮�4�А�who shall on this spot 

build   a   tope。;   This   Kanishka   was   afterwards   born   into   the   world�察  �and 

��once���察�when he had gone forth to look about him�察�Sakra�察�Ruler of Devas�察�

wishing to excite the idea in his mind�察�assumed the appearance of a little 

herd´boy�察�and was making a tope right in the way ��of the king���察�who asked 

what sort of thing he was making。 The boy said�察 �I am making a tope for 

Buddha。;   The   king   said�察   �Very   good�察─  �and   immediately�察  �right   over   the 

boy's   tope�察  �he   ��proceeded   to��   rear   another�察  �which   was   more   than   four 

hundred cubits high�察�and adorned with layers of all the precious substances。 

Of all the topes and temples which ��the travellers�� saw in their journeyings�察�

there    was   not  one   comparable     to  this  in  solemn    beauty   and   majestic 

grandeur。     There    is  a  current    saying   that   this  is  the  finest   tope   in 

Jambudvipa。��5�А�When the king's tope was completed�察�the little tope ��of the 

boy�� came out from its side on the south�察�rather more than three cubits in 

height。 

     Buddha's alms´bowl is in this country。 Formerly�察�a king of Yueh´she��6�А�

raised   a  large   force  and   invaded   this   country�察  �wishing   to   carry  the  bowl 

away。 Having subdued the kingdom�察�as he and his captains were sincere 

believers   in   the   Law  of   Buddha�察 �and   wished  to   carry  off   the bowl�察  �they 

proceeded to present their offerings on a great scale。 When they had done 

so   to  the  Three    Precious    Ones�察  �he  made    a  large  elephant    be  grandly 

caparisoned�察�and placed the bowl upon it。 But the elephant knelt down on 

the ground�察�and was unable to go forward。 Again he caused a four´wheeled 

waggon to be prepared in which the bowl was put to be conveyed away。 

Eight   elephants   were   then   yoked   to   it�察  �and   dragged   it   with   their   united 

strength�察�but neither were they able to go forward。 The king knew that the 



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time    for   an  association     between     himself    and   the  bowl    had    not  yet 

arrived�撮�7�А�and was sad and deeply ashamed of himself。 Forthwith he built 

a tope at the place and a monastery�察�and left a guard to watch ��the bowl���察�

making all sorts of contributions。 

     There may be there more than seven hundred monks。 When it is near 

midday�察�they bring out the bowl�察�and�察�along with the common people�撮�8�А�

make their various offerings to it�察�after which they take their midday meal。 

In the evening�察�at the time of incense�察�they bring the bowl out again。��9�А�It 

may contain rather more than two pecks�察�and is of various colours�察�black 

predominating�察       �with   the   seams    that   show     its  fourfold    composition 

distinctly marked。��10�А�Its thickness is about the fifth of an inch�察�and it has 

a bright and glossy lustre。 When poor people throw into it a few flowers�察�it 

becomes immediately full�察�while some very rich people�察�wishing to make 

offering of many flowers�察�might not stop till they had thrown in hundreds�察�

thousands�察�and myriads of bushels�察�and yet would not be able to fill it。��11�А�

     Pao´yun and Sang´king here merely made their offerings to the alms´ 

bowl�察  �and   ��then   resolved   to��   go   back。   Hwuy´king�察  �Hwuy´tah�察  �and   Tao´ 

ching had gone on before the rest to Negara�撮�12�А�to make their offerings at 

��the   places   of��   Buddha's   shadow�察  �tooth�察  �and   the   flat´bone   of   his   skull。 

��There��   Hwuy´king   fell   ill�察  �and   Tao´ching   remained   to   look   after   him�察�

while Hwuy´tah came alone to Purushapura�察�and saw the others�察�and ��then�� 

he with Pao´yun and Sang´king took their way back to the land of Ts'in。 

Hwuy´king��13�А�came to his end��14�А�in the monastery of Buddha's   alms´ 

bowl�察�and on this Fa´hien went forward alone towards the place of the flat´ 

bone of Buddha's skull。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А�The modern Peshawur�察�lat。 34d 8s N。�察�lon。 71d 30s E。 

     ��2�А  �A   first   cousin   of   Sakyamuni�察  �and   born   at   the   moment   when   he 

attained    to  Buddhaship。       Under    Buddha's     teaching�察   �Ananda     became     an 

Arhat�察�and is famous for his strong and accurate memory�察�and he played 

an   important   part   at   the   first   council   for   the   formation   of   the   Buddhist 

canon。 The friendship between Sakyamuni and Ananda was very close and 

tender�察�and it is impossible to read much of what the dying Buddha said to 

him and of him�察�as related in the Maha´pari´nirvana Sutra�察�without being 

moved   almost   to   tears。   Ananda       is   to   reappear   on   earth  as   Buddha   in 

another Kalpa。 See E。 H。�察�p。 9�察�and the Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 xi。 

     ��3�А �On   his   attaining   to nirvana�察  �Sakyamuni   became   the   Buddha�察  �and 

had no longer to mourn his being within the circle of transmigration�察�and 

could   rejoice   in   an   absolute   freedom  from  passion�察  �and   a   perfect   purity。 

Still   he   continued   to   live  on   for   forty´five  years�察 �till he   attained   to   pari´ 

nirvana�察�and had   done with   all the   life of sense   and society�察 �and had   no 

more exercise of thought。 He died�察�but whether he absolutely and entirely 

/ceased/ to be�察�in any sense of the word /being/�察�it would be difficult to say。 

Probably  he   himself   would not

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議