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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及14何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




26s and 72d E。 lon。 See Hunter's Gazetteer of India�察�i�察�p。 393。 

     ��8�А�They had then crossed the Indus before。 They had done so�察�indeed�察�

twice�察  �first�察  �from   north   to   south�察  �at   Skardo   or   east   of   it�察  �and   second�察  �as 

described in chapter vii。 



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                           CHAPTER XV 



    BHIDA。 SYMPATHY OF MONKS WITH THE PILGRIMS。 

    After they had crossed the river�察�there was a country named Pe´ t'oo�撮�1�А�

where Buddhism was very flourishing�察�and ��the monks�� studied both the 

mahayana and hinayana。 When they saw their fellow´disciples from Ts'in 

passing    along�察  �they  were   moved     with  great   pity  and   sympathy�察   �and 

expressed themselves thus�此 �How is it that these men from a border´land 

should   have learned   to become   monks�撮�2�А �and   come   for   the   sake   of   our 

doctrines   from   such   a   distance   in   search   of   the   Law   of   Buddha�拭─  �They 

supplied them with what they needed�察�and treated them in accordance with 

the rules of the Law。 



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                                    NOTES 



    ��1�А�Bhida。 Eitel says�察 �The present Punjab�察─�i。e。 it was a portion of that。 

    ��2�А �To come forth from their families�察─�that is�察�to become celibates�察�

and adopt the tonsure。 



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                           CHAPTER XVI 



     ON TO  MATHURA OR  MUTTRA。 CONDITION AND  CUSTOMS 

OF      CENTRAL         INDIA�察     �OF     THE      MONKS�察       �VIHARAS�察        �AND 

MONASTERIES。 

    From this place they travelled south´east�察�passing by a succession of 

very many monasteries�察�with a multitude of monks�察�who might be counted 

by myriads。 After passing all these places�察�they came to a country named 

Ma´t'aou´lo。��1�А�They still followed the course of the P'oo´na��2�А�river�察�on 

the banks of which�察�left and right�察�there were twenty monasteries�察�which 

might contain three thousand monks�察�and ��here�� the Law of Buddha was 

still  more    flourishing。   Everywhere�察    �from   the  Sandy    Desert�察  �in  all  the 

countries of   India�察 �the kings had   been   firm  believers   in   that   Law。 When 

they   make   their   offerings   to   a   community   of   monks�察  �they   take   off   their 

royal caps�察�and along with their relatives and ministers�察�supply them with 

food with their own hands。 That done�察。�the king�� has a carpet spread for 

himself on the ground�察�and sits down in front of the chairman��they dare 

not   presume   to   sit   on   couches   in   front   of   the   community。 The   laws   and 

ways�察�according to which the kings presented their offerings when Buddha 

was in the world�察�have been handed down to the present day。 

    All   south   from  this   is   named   the   Middle   Kingdom。��3�А  �In   it   the   cold 

and heat are finely tempered�察�and there is neither hoarfrost nor snow。 The 

people are numerous and happy�察�they have not to register their households�察�

or attend to any magistrates and their rules�察�only those who cultivate the 

royal land have to pay ��a portion of�� the grain from it。 If they want to go�察�

they   go�察  �if   they   want   to   stay   on�察  �they   stay。   The   king   governs   without 

decapitation or ��other�� corporal punishments。 Criminals are simply fined�察�

lightly or heavily�察�according to the circumstances ��of each case��。 Even in 

cases of repeated attempts at wicked rebellion�察�they only have their right 

hands   cut   off。   The   king's   body´guards   and   attendants   all   have   salaries。 

Throughout the whole country the people do not kill any living creature�察�

nor drink intoxicating liquor�察�nor eat onions or garlic。 The only exception 

is that of the Chandalas。��4�А�That is the name for those who are ��held to be�� 

wicked men�察�and live apart from others。 When they enter the gate of a city 



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or a market´place�察�they strike a piece of wood to make themselves known�察�

so that men know and avoid them�察�and do not come into contact with them。 

In that country they do not keep pigs and fowls�察�and do not sell live cattle�察�

in the markets there are no butchers' shops and no dealers in intoxicating 

drink。   In   buying   and   selling   commodities   they   use   cowries。��5�А  �Only   the 

Chandalas are fishermen and hunters�察�and sell flesh meat。 

     After    Buddha     attained    to  pari´nirvana�撮�6�А  �the    kings    of  the  various 

countries and the heads of the Vaisyas��7�А�built viharas for the priests�察�and 

endowed them with fields�察�houses�察�gardens�察�and orchards�察�along with the 

resident populations and their cattle�察�the grants being engraved on plates of 

metal�撮�8�А  �so   that   afterwards   they   were   handed   down   from   king   to   king�察�

without   any   daring   to   annul   them�察  �and   they   remain   even   to   the   present 

time。 

     The   regular   business   of   the   monks   is   to   perform  acts   of   meritorious 

virtue�察�and to recite their Sutras and sit wrapt in meditation。 When stranger 

monks arrive ��at any monastery���察�the old residents meet and receive them�察�

carry for them their clothes and alms´bowl�察�give them water to wash their 

feet�察�oil with which to anoint them�察�and the liquid food permitted out of 

the   regular   hours。��9�А  �When   ��the   stranger��   has   enjoyed   a   very   brief   rest�察�

they further ask the number of years that he has been a monk�察�after which 

he receives a sleeping apartment with its appurtenances�察�according to his 

regular     order�察   �and    everything      is   done    for   him     which     the   rules 

prescribe。��10�А�

     Where       a   community        of   monks      resides�察   �they    erect    topes    to 

Sariputtra�撮�11�А�to Maha´maudgalyayana�撮�12�А�and to Ananda�撮�13�А�and also 

topes ��in honour�� of the Abhidharma�察�the Vinaya�察�and the Sutras。 A month 

after   the   ��annual   season   of��   rest�察  �the   families   which   are   looking   out   for 

blessing   stimulate   one   another��14�А  �to   make   offerings   to   the   monks�察  �and 

send round to them the liquid food which may be taken out of the ordinary 

hours。 All   the   monks come   together in a   great   assembly�察�and   preach the 

Law�撮�15�А�after which offerings are presented at the tope of Sariputtra�察�with 

all   kinds   of   flowers   and   incense。   All   through   the   night   lamps   are   kept 

burning�察�and skilful musicians are employed to perform。��16�А�

     When Sariputtra was a great Brahman�察�he went to Buddha�察�and begged 



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��to   be   permitted��   to   quit   his   family   ��and   become   a      monk��。   The   great 

Mugalan and the great Kasyapa��17�А�also did the same。 The bhikshunis��18�А�

for   the   most part   make   their   offerings   at the   tope   of Ananda�察  �because   it 

was   he   who   requested   the World´honoured   one  to   allow   females   to  quit 

their families ��and become nuns��。 The Sramaneras��19�А�mostly make their 

offerings   to   Rahula。��20�А  �The   professors   of   the   Abhidharma   make   their 

offerings   to   it�察  �those   of   the   Vinaya   to   it。   Every   year   there   is   one   such 

offering�察�and each class has its own day for it。 Students of the mahayana 

present     offerings     to  the   Prajna´paramita�撮�21�А        �to  Manjusri�撮�22�А      �and   to 

Kwan´she´yin。��23�А  �When             the  monks     have    done    receiving     their  annual 

tribute    ��from    the   harvests���撮�24�А    �the   Heads     of  the   Vaisyas     and   all  the 

Brahmans bring clothes and other such articles as the monks require for 

use�察 �and   distribute   among   them。 The   monks�察 �having   received them�察  �also 

proceed to give portions to one another。 From the nirvana of Buddha�撮�25�А�

the    forms     of   ceremony�察      �laws�察   �and    rules�察   �practised     by   the    sacred 

communities�察  �have   been   handed   down   from   one   generation   to   another 

without interruption。 

     From   the   place   where   ��the   travellers��   crossed   the   Indus   to   Southern 

India�察�and on to the Southern Sea�察�a distance of forty or fifty thousand le�察�

all is level plain。 There are no large hills with streams ��among them���察�there 

are simply the waters of the rivers。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А  �Muttra�察    �the   peacock    city�察─  �lat。  27d   30s   N。�察 �lon。  77d    43s   E。 

��Hunter���察�the birthplace of Krishna�察�whose emblem is the peacock。 

     ��2�А�This must be the Jumna�察�or Yamuna。 Why it is called�察�as here�察�the 

P'oo´na has yet to be explained。 

     ��3�А   �In  Pali�察  �Majjhima´desa�察       �the   Middle     Country。;     See    Davids' 

;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�page 61�察�note。 

     ��4�А  �Eitel   ��pp。   145�察  �6��   says�察   �The   name   Chandalas   is   explained   by 

'butchers��' 'wicked men��' and those who carry 'the awful flag��' to warn off 

their   betters��the   lowest   and   most   despised   caste   of   India�察  �members   of 

which�察�however�察�when converted�察�were admitted even into the ranks of the 

priesthood。; 

     ��5�А �Cowries�察─。�。�� ��。���察�not ;shells and ivory�察─�as one might suppose�察�

but cowries alone�察�the second term entering into the name from the marks 

inside the edge of the shell�察�resembling ;the teeth of fishes。; 

     ��6�А  �See   chapter   xii�察  �note   3�察�

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議