a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及29何蛍
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till now�察�when it is nearly 100 cubits in height。
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NOTES
��1�А�Here is an instance of ��。�� used�察�as was pointed out in chap。 ix�察�note
3�察�for a former age�察�and not merely a former time。 Perhaps ;a former birth;
is the best translation。 The Corean reading of Kasyapa Buddha is certainly
preferable to the Chinese ;Sakya Buddha。;
��2�А�See chap。 xvii�察�note 8。
��3�А�I prefer to retain the Sanskrit term here�察�instead of translating the
Chinese text by ;Earth's prison ��。�� ��。���察─ �or ;a prison in the earth�察─ �the
name for which has been adopted generally by Christian missionaries in
China for gehenna and hell。
��4�А �Eitel ��p。 173�� says�此�Yama was originally the Aryan god of the
dead�察 �living in a heaven above the world�察 �the regent of the south�察 �but
Brahmanism transferred his abode to hell。 Both views have been retained
by Buddhism。; The Yama of the text is the ;regent of the narakas�察�residing
south of Jambudvipa�察 �outside the Chakravalas ��the double circuit of
mountains above���察�in a palace built of brass and iron。 He has a sister who
controls all the female culprits�察�as he exclusively deals with the male sex。
Three times�察�however�察�in every twenty´four hours�察�a demon pours boiling
copper into Yama's mouth�察�and squeezes it down his throat�察�causing him
unspeakable pain。; Such�察 �however�察 �is the wonderful ;transrotation of
births�察─�that when Yama's sins have been expiated�察�he is to be reborn as
Buddha�察�under the name of ;The Universal King。;
��5�А �Or�察 �was loosed�察─ �from the bonds�察 �I suppose�察 �of his various
illusions。
��6�А�I have not met with this particular numerical category。
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CHAPTER XXXIII
MOUNT GURUPADA�察 �WHERE KASYAPA BUDDHA'S ENTIRE
SKELETON IS。
��The travellers���察 �going on from this three le to the south�察 �came to a
mountain named Gurupada�撮�1�А �inside which Mahakasyapa even now is。
He made a cleft�察�and went down into it�察�though the place where he entered
would not ��now�� admit a man。 Having gone down very far�察 �there was a
hole on one side�察�and there the complete body of Kasyapa ��still�� abides。
Outside the hole ��at which he entered�� is the earth with which he had
washed his hands。��2�А�If the people living thereabouts have a sore on their
heads�察�they plaster on it some of the earth from this�察�and feel immediately
easier。��3�А �On this mountain�察 �now as of old�察 �there are Arhats abiding。
Devotees of our Law from the various countries in that quarter go year by
year to the mountain�察 �and present offerings to Kasyapa�察 �and to those
whose hearts are strong in faith there come Arhats at night�察�and talk with
them�察�discussing and explaining their doubts�察�and disappearing suddenly
afterwards。
On this hill hazels grow luxuriously�察�and there are many lions�察�tigers�察�
and wolves�察�so that people should not travel incautiously。
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NOTES
��1�А �Fowl's´foot hill�察─ �with three peaks�察 �resembling the foot of a
chicken。 It lies seven miles south´east of Gaya�察�and was the residence of
Mahakasyapa�察�who is said to be still living inside this mountain。; So Eitel
says�察�p。 58�察�but this chapter does not say that Kasyapa is in the mountain
alive�察�but that his body entire is in a recess or hole in it。 Hardy ��M。 B。�察�p。
97�� says that after Kasyapa Buddha's body was burnt�察 �the bones still
remained in their usual position�察 �presenting the appearance of a perfect
skeleton。 It is of him that the chapter speaks�察 �and not of the famous
disciple of Sakyamuni�察�who also is called Mahakasyapa。 This will appear
also on a comparison of Eitel's articles on ;Mahakasyapa; and ;Kasyapa
Buddha。;
��2�А�Was it a custom to wash the hands with ;earth�察─�as is often done
with sand�拭�
��3�А�This I conceive to be the meaning here。
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CHAPTER XXXIV
ON THE WAY BACK TO PATNA。 VARANASI�察 �OR BENARES。
SAKYAMUNI'S FIRST DOINGS AFTER BECOMING BUDDHA。
Fa´hien��1�А�returned ��from here�� towards Pataliputtra�撮�2�А�keeping along
the course of the Ganges and descending in the direction of the west。 After
going ten yojanas he found a vihara�察 �named ;The Wilderness�察�a place
where Buddha had dwelt�察�and where there are monks now。
Pursuing the same course�察�and going still to the west�察�he arrived�察�after
twelve yojanas�察�at the city of Varanasi��3�А�in the kingdom of Kasi。 Rather
more than ten le to the north´east of the city�察�he found the vihara in the
park of ;The rishi's Deer´wild。;��4�А �In this park there formerly resided a
Pratyeka Buddha�撮�5�А �with whom the deer were regularly in the habit of
stopping for the night。 When the World´ honoured one was about to attain
to perfect Wisdom�察 �the devas sang in the sky�察 �The son of king
Suddhodana�察 �having quitted his family and studied the Path ��of
Wisdom���撮�6�А �will now in seven days become Buddha。; The Pratyeka
Buddha heard their words�察�and immediately attained to nirvana�察�and hence
this place was named ;The Park of the rishi's Deer´wild。;��7�А �After the
World´honoured one had attained to perfect Wisdom�察�men build the vihara
in it。
Buddha wished to convert Kaundinya��8�А�and his four companions�察�but
they�察 。�being aware of his intention���察 �said to one another�察 �This Sramana
Gotama��9�А �for six years continued in the practice of painful austerities�察�
eating daily ��only�� a single hemp´seed�察 �and one grain of rice�察 �without
attaining to the Path ��of Wisdom���察�how much less will he do so now that
he has entered ��again�� among men�察 �and is giving the reins to ��the
indulgence of�� his body�察�his speech�察�and his thoughts� �What has he to do
with the Path ��of Wisdom���拭�To´day�察�when he comes to us�察�let us be on our
guard not to speak with him。; At the places where the five men all rose up�察�
and respectfully saluted ��Buddha���察 �when he came to them�察 �where�察 �sixty
paces north from this�察�he sat with his face to the east�察�and first turned the
wheel of the Law�察 �converting Kaundinya and the four others�察 �where�察�
twenty paces further to the north�察 �he delivered his prophecy concerning
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Maitreya�撮�10�А �and where�察 �at a distance of fifty paces to the south�察 �the
dragon Elapattra��11�А �asked him�察 �When shall I get free from this naga
body�拭�at all these places topes were reared�察�and are still existing。 In ��the
park�� there are two monasteries�察 �in both of which there are monks
residing。
When you go north´west from the vihara of the Deer´wild park for
thirteen yojanas�察 �there is a kingdom named Kausambi。��12�А �Its vihara is
named Ghochiravana��13��a place where Buddha formerly resided。 Now�察�
as of old�察�there is a company of monks there�察�most of whom are students
of the hinayana。
East from ��this���察�when you have travelled eight yojanas�察�is the place
where Buddha converted��14�А�the evil demon。 There�察�and where he walked
��in meditation�� and sat at the place which was his regular abode�察 �there
have been topes erected。 There is also a monastery�察 �which may contain
more than a hundred monks。
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NOTES
��1�А�Fa´hien is here mentioned singly�察�as in the account of his visit to
the cave on Gridhra´kuta。 I think that Tao´ching may have remained at
Patna after their first visit to it。
��2�А�See chap。 xxvii�察�note 1。
��3�А �The city surrounded by rivers�察─�the modern Benares�察�lat。 25d 23s
N。�察�lon。 83d 5s E。
��4�А �The rishi�察─ �says Eitel�察 �is a man whose bodily frame has
undergone a certain transformation by dint of meditation and ascetism�察�so
that he is�察 �for an indefinite period�察 �exempt from decrepitude�察 �age�察 �and
death。 As this period is believed to extend far beyond the usual duration of
human life�察 �such persons are called�察 �and popularly believed to be�察�
immortals。; Rishis are divided into various classes�察�and rishi´ism is spoken
of as a seventh part of transrotation�察 �and rishis are referred to as the
seventh class of sentient beings。 Ta