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及30何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及30何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




seventh class of sentient beings。 Taoism�察�as well as Buddhism�察�has its Seen 

jin。 

     ��5�А�See chap。 xiii�察�note 15。 

     ��6�А�See chap。 xxii�察�note 2。 

     ��7�А�For another legend about this park�察�and the identification of ;a fine 

wood; still existing�察�see note in Beal's first version�察�p。 135。 

     ��8�А �A   prince   of   Magadha   and   a   maternal   uncle   of   Sakyamuni�察  �who 

gave     him   the   name    of  Ajnata�察   �meaning     automat�察    �and   hence    he  often 

appears      as  Ajnata    Kaundinya。      He   and    his  four   friends   had   followed 

Sakyamuni        into   the   Uruvilva     desert�察  �sympathising       with   him    in   the 

austerities he endured�察�and hoping that they would issue in his Buddhaship。 

They were not aware that that issue had come�察�which may show us that all 

the accounts in the thirty´first chapter are merely descriptions�察�by means of 

external   imagery�察  �of   what   had   taken   place   internally。   The   kingdom   of 

nirvana had come without observation。 These friends knew it not�察�and they 

were     offended     by  what    they   considered     Sakyamuni's       failure�察 �and    the 

course he was now pursuing。 See the account of their conversion in M。 B。�察�

p。 186。 

     ��9�А�This is the only instance in Fa´hien's text where the Bodhisattva or 



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Buddha is called by the surname ;Gotama。; For the most part our traveller 

uses     Buddha      as   a   proper    name�察    �though     it  properly     means      ;The 

Enlightened。;       He    uses   also   the   combinations      ;Sakya     Buddha�察�=;The 

Buddha   of   the   Sakya   tribe�察─  �and   ;Sakyamuni�察�=;The   Sakya   sage。;   This 

last is the most common designation of the Buddha in China�察�and to my 

mind best combines the characteristics of a descriptive and a proper name。 

Among other Buddhistic peoples ;Gotama; and ;Gotama Buddha; are the 

more   frequent   designations。   It   is   not   easy   to   account   for   the   rise   of   the 

surname   Gotama   in   the   Sakya   family�察  �as   Oldenberg   acknowledges。   He 

says   that   ;the   Sakyas�察  �in   accordance   with   the   custom   of   Indian   noble 

families�察�had borrowed it from one of the ancient Vedic bard families。; Dr。 

Davids      �─�Buddhism�察─      �p。  27��    says�此   �The    family    name     was    certainly 

Gautama�察─�adding in a note�察 �It is a curious fact that Gautama is still the 

family name   of   the   Rajput   chiefs of Nagara�察 �the village   which has   been 

identified     with    Kapilavastu。;      Dr。   Eitel  says    that   ;Gautama      was    the 

sacerdotal   name   of   the   Sakya   family�察      �which   counted   the   ancient   rishi 

Gautama among its ancestors。; When we proceed�察�however�察�to endeavour 

to trace the connexion of that Brahmanical rishi with the Sakya house�察�by 

means      of  1323�察   �1468�察   �1469�察   �and    other   historical    works    in  Nanjio's 

Catalogue�察  �we   soon   find   that   Indian   histories   have   no   surer   foundation 

than the shifting sand��see E。 H。�察�on the name Sakya�察�pp。 108�察�109。 We 

must   be   content   for   the   present   simply   to   accept   Gotama   as   one   of   the 

surnames of the Buddha with whom we have to do。 

     ��10�А   �See   chap。    vi�察 �note   5。  It  is  there  said   that  the   prediction    of 

Maitreya's succession to the Buddhaship was made to him in the Tushita 

heaven。     Was    there   a  repetition    of  it  here  in  the   Deer´park�察    �or  was   a 

prediction now given concerning something else�拭�

     ��11�А�Nothing seems to be known of this naga but what we read here。 

     ��12�А�Identified by some with Kusia�察�near Kurrah ��lat。 25d 41s N。�察�lon。 

81d   27s   E。���察  �by   others   with   Kosam   on   the   Jumna�察  �thirty   miles   above 

Allahabad。 See E。 H。�察�p。 55。 

     ��13�А�Ghochira was the name of a Vaisya elder�察�or head�察�who presented 

a garden and vihara to Buddha。 Hardy ��M。 B。�察�p。 356�� quotes a statement 

from a Singhalese authority that Sakyamuni resided here during the ninth 



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year of his Buddhaship。 

     ��14�А�Dr。 Davids thinks this may refer to the striking and beautiful story 

of   the   conversion   of   the Yakkha Alavaka�察  �as   related   in   the   Uragavagga�察�

Alavakasutta�察�pp。 29´31 ��Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 x�察�part ii��。 



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                          CHAPTER XXXV 



     DAKSHINA�察�AND THE PIGEON MONASTERY。 

     South   from   this   200   yojanas�察  �there   is   a   country   named   Dakshina�撮�1�А�

where   there   is   a   monastery   ��dedicated   to��   the   bygone   Kasyapa   Buddha�察�

and which has been hewn out from a large hill of rock。 It consists in all of 

five    storeys��the    lowest�察  �having     the  form    of  an   elephant�察   �with    500 

apartments   in   the   rock�察  �the   second�察  �having   the   form  of   a   lion�察  �with   400 

apartments�察�the third�察�having the form of a horse�察�with 300 apartments�察�the 

fourth�察  �having   the   form   of   an   ox�察  �with   200   apartments�察  �and   the   fifth�察�

having the form of a pigeon�察�with 100 apartments。 At the very top there is 

a spring�察�the water of which�察�always in front of the apartments in the rock�察�

goes round among the rooms�察�now circling�察�now curving�察�till in this way it 

arrives at the lowest storey�察�having followed the shape of the structure�察�and 

flows out there at the door。 Everywhere in the apartments of the monks�察�

the rock has been pierced so as to form windows for the admission of light�察�

so that they are all bright�察�without any being left in darkness。 At the four 

corners of the ��tiers of�� apartments�察�the rock has been hewn so as to form 

steps for ascending to the top ��of each��。 The men of the present day�察�being 

of small size�察�and going up step by step�察�manage to get to the top�察�but in a 

former age�察�they did so at one step。��2�А�Because of this�察�the monastery is 

called Paravata�察�that being the Indian name for a pigeon。 There are always 

Arhats residing in it。 

     The    country    about   is  ��a  tract  of��  uncultivated     hillocks�撮�3�А  �without 

inhabitants。 At a very long distance from the hill there are villages�察�where 

the   people    all  have    bad   and   erroneous    views�察   �and   do   not   know    the 

Sramanas of the Law of Buddha�察�Brahmanas�察�or ��devotees of�� any of the 

other   and   different   schools。   The   people   of   that   country   are   constantly 

seeing   men   on   the   wing�察  �who   come   and   enter   this   monastery。   On   one 

occasion�察    �when     devotees    of  various    countries    came    to   perform    their 

worship at it�察�the people of those villages said to them�察 �Why do you not 

fly�拭   �The   devotees     whom     we   have    seen   hereabouts     all  fly�察─ �and   the 

strangers   answered�察  �on   the   spur   of   the   moment�察   �Our   wings   are   not   yet 

fully formed。; 



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     The kingdom of Dakshina is out of the way�察�and perilous to traverse。 

There   are   difficulties   in   connexion   with   the   roads�察  �but   those   who   know 

how   to   manage   such   difficulties   and   wish   to   proceed   should   bring   with 

them money and various articles�察�and give them to the king。 He will then 

send men to escort them。 These will ��at different stages�� pass them over to 

others�察  �who   will   show   them   the   shortest   routes。   Fa´hien�察  �however�察  �was 

after all unable to go there�察�but having received the ��above�� accounts from 

men of the country�察�he has narrated them。 



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                                         NOTES 



     ��1�А  �Said   to   be   the   ancient   name   of   the   Deccan。   As   to   the   various 

marvels in the chapter�察�it must be borne in mind that our author�察�as he tells 

us at the end�察�only gives them from hearsay。 See ;Buddhist Records of the 

Western World�察─�vol。 ii�察�pp。 214�察�215�察�where the description�察�however�察�is 

very different。 

     ��2�А�Compare the account of Buddha's great stride of fifteen yojanas in 

Ceylon�察�as related in chapter xxxviii。 

     ��3�А  �See   the   same   phrase   in   the   Books   of   the   Later   Han   dynasty�察  �the 

twenty´fourth Book of Biographies�察�p。 9b。 



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                        CHAPTER XXXVI 



     IN    PATNA。       FA´HIEN'S       LABOURS         IN    TRANSCRIPTION             OF 

MANUSCRIPTS�察�AND INDIAN STUDIES FOR THREE YEARS。 

     From Varanasi ��the travellers�� went back east to Pataliputtra。 Fa´hien's 

original object had been to search for ��copies of�� the Vinaya。 In the various 

kingdoms of North India�察�however�察�he had found one master transmitting 

orally    ��the  rules��   to  another�察   �but   no  written    copies   which     he  could 

transcribe。   He   had   therefore   travelled   far   and   come   on   to   Central   India。 

Here�察  �in   the   mahayana   monastery�撮�1�А  �he   found   a   copy   of   the   Vinaya�察�

containing the Mahasanghika��2�А�rules��those which were observed in the 

first Great Council�察�while Buddha was still in the world。 The original copy 

was     handed    down     in  the  Jetavana     vihara。   As   to  the   other   eighteen 

schools�撮�3�А�each one has the views and decisions of its own masters。 T

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議