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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及32何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




wicked nagas�察�by his supernatural power he planted one foot at the north 

of the royal city�察�and the other on the top of a mountain�撮�3�А�the two being 

fifteen yojanas apart。 Over the footprint at the north of the city the king 

built a large tope�察�400 cubits high�察�grandly adorned with gold and silver�察�

and finished with a combination of all the precious substances。 By the side 

of   the   top   he   further   built   a   monastery�察  �called   the Abhayagiri�撮�4�А  �where 

there   are   ��now��   five   thousand   monks。   There   is   in   it   a   hall   of   Buddha�察�

adorned with carved and inlaid works of gold and silver�察�and rich in the 

seven   precious   substances�察  �in   which   there   is   an   image   ��of   Buddha��   in 

green jade�察�more than twenty cubits in height�察�glittering all over with those 

substances�察  �and   having   an   appearance   of   solemn   dignity   which   words 

cannot   express。   In   the   palm   of   the   right   hand   there   is   a   priceless   pearl。 

Several years had now elapsed since Fa´hien left the land of Han�察�the men 

with whom he had been in intercourse had all been of regions strange to 

him�察�his eyes had not rested on an old and familiar hill or river�察�plant or 

tree�察�his fellow´travellers�察�moreover�察�had been separated from him�察�some 



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by death�察�and others flowing off in different directions�察�no face or shadow 

was now with him but his own�察�and a constant sadness was in his heart。 

Suddenly   ��one   day���察  �when   by   the   side   of   this   image   of   jade�察  �he   saw   a 

merchant presenting as his offering a fan of white silk�撮�5�А�and the tears of 

sorrow involuntarily filled his eyes and fell down。 

     A former king of the country had sent to Central India and got a slip of 

the patra tree�撮�6�А�which he planted by the side of the hall of Buddha�察�where 

a tree grew  up to the  height of   about 200 cubits。 As it bent on one  side 

towards the  south´east�察�the  king�察 �fearing it would   fall�察 �propped it   with   a 

post eight or nine spans round。 The tree began to grow at the very heart of 

the prop�察�where it met ��the trunk���察。�a shoot�� pierced through the post�察�and 

went down to the ground�察�where it entered and formed roots�察�that rose ��to 

the surface�� and were about four spans round。 Although the post was split 

in the middle�察�the outer portions kept hold ��of the shoot���察�and people did 

not remove them。 Beneath the tree there has been built a vihara�察�in which 

there is an image ��of Buddha�� seated�察�which the monks and commonalty 

reverence and look up to without ever becoming wearied。 In the city there 

has been reared also the vihara of Buddha's tooth�察�on which�察�as well as on 

the other�察�the seven precious substances have been employed。 

     The king practises the Brahmanical purifications�察�and the sincerity of 

the   faith   and   reverence   of   the   population   inside   the   city   are   also   great。 

Since the establishment of government in the kingdom there has been no 

famine     or   scarcity�察  �no  revolution     or  disorder。    In  the  treasuries    of  the 

monkish   communities   there   are   many   precious   stones�察  �and   the   priceless 

manis。 One of the kings ��once�� entered one of those treasuries�察�and when 

he looked all round and saw the priceless pearls�察�his covetous greed was 

excited�察  �and   he   wished   to   take   them   to   himself   by   force。   In   three   days�察�

however�察�he came to himself�察�and immediately went and bowed his head 

to the ground in the midst of the monks�察�to show his repentance of the evil 

thought。 As a sequel to this�察�he informed the monks ��of what had been in 

his mind���察�and desired them to make a regulation that from that day forth 

the   king   should   not   be   allowed   to   enter   the   treasury   and   see   ��what   it 

contained���察  �and   that   no   bhikshu   should   enter   it   till   after   he   had   been   in 

orders for a period of full forty years。��7�А�



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     In   the   city   there   are   many   Vaisya   elders   and   Sabaean��8�А  �merchants�察�

whose houses are stately and beautiful。 The lanes and passages are kept in 

good order。 At the heads of the four principal streets there have been built 

preaching halls�察�where�察�on the eighth�察�fourteenth�察�and fifteenth days of the 

month�察  �they  spread   carpets�察  �and   set   forth   a   pulpit�察  �while   the   monks   and 

commonalty from all quarters come together to hear the Law。 The people 

say   that   in   the   kingdom   there   may   be   altogether   sixty   thousand   monks�察�

who get their food from their common stores。 The king�察�besides�察�prepares 

elsewhere in   the  city a  common   supply of   food   for five   or  six thousand 

more。 When any want�察�they take their great bowls�察�and go ��to the place of 

distribution���察�and take as much as the vessels will hold�察�all returning with 

them full。 

     The tooth of Buddha is always brought forth in the middle of the third 

month。 Ten days beforehand the king grandly caparisons a large elephant�察�

on   which   he   mounts   a   man   who   can   speak   distinctly�察  �and   is   dressed   in 

royal robes�察�to beat a large drum�察�and make the following proclamation�此�

;The     Bodhisattva�察     �during   three   Asankhyeya´kalpas�撮�9�А         �manifested     his 

activity�察�and did not spare his own life。 He gave up kingdom�察�city�察�wife�察�

and son�察�he plucked out his eyes and gave them to another�撮�10�А�he cut off 

a piece of his own flesh to ransom the life of a dove�撮�10�А�he cut off his 

head   and   gave   it   as   an   alms�撮�11�А  �he   gave   his   body   to   feed   a   starving 

tigress�撮�11�А�he grudged not his marrow and his brains。 In many such ways 

as these did he undergo pain for the sake of all living。 And so it was�察�that�察�

having   become   Buddha�察  �he   continued   in   the   world   for   forty´five   years�察�

preaching his Law�察�teaching and transforming�察�so that those who had no 

rest found rest�察�and the unconverted were converted。 When his connexion 

with the living was completed�撮�12�А�he attained to pari´nirvana ��and died��。 

Since that event�察�for 1497 years�察�the light of the world has gone out�撮�13�А�

and all living beings have had long´continued sadness。 Behold� �ten days 

after    this�察 �Buddha's      tooth   will   be   brought     forth�察 �and    taken    to  the 

Abhayagiri´vihara。 Let all and each�察�whether monks or laics�察�who wish to 

amass merit for themselves�察�make the roads smooth and in good condition�察�

grandly     adorn    the  lanes   and   by´ways�察    �and   provide     abundant     store  of 

flowers and incense to be used as offerings to it。; 



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     When this   proclamation   is   over�察�the king   exhibits�察 �so as   to   line  both 

sides   of   the   road�察  �the   five   hundred   different   bodily   forms   in   which   the 

Bodhisattva has in the course of his history appeared��here as Sudana�撮�14�А�

there as Sama�撮�15�А�now as the king of elephants�撮�16�А�and then as a stag or 

a horse。��16�А�All these figures are brightly coloured and grandly executed�察�

looking   as   if   they   were   alive。 After   this   the   tooth   of   Buddha   is   brought 

forth�察�and is carried along in the middle of the road。 Everywhere on the 

way offerings are presented to it�察�and thus it arrives at the hall of Buddha 

in the Abhayagiri´vihara。 There monks and laics are collected in crowds。 

They  burn   incense�察  �light   lamps�察  �and   perform  all   the   prescribed   services�察�

day and night without ceasing�察�till ninety days have been completed�察�when 

��the tooth�� is returned to the vihara within the city。 On fast´days the door 

of   that   vihara   is  opened�察    �and   the  forms    of   ceremonial     reverence     are 

observed according to the rules。 

     Forty   le   to   the   east   of   the   Abhayagiri´vihara   there   is   a   hill�察  �with   a 

vihara   on   it�察  �called   the   Chaitya�撮�17�А  �where   there   may   be   2000   monks。 

Among them there is a Sramana of great virtue�察�named Dharma´gupta�撮�18�А�

honoured and looked up to by all the kingdom。 He has lived for more than 

forty years in an apartment of stone�察�constantly showing such gentleness 

of heart�察�that he has brought snakes and rats to stop together in the same 

room�察�without doing one another any harm。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А  �It  is  desirable   to  translate    ��。��  ��。���察 �for  which     ;inhabitants;    or 

;people; is elsewhere sufficient�察�here by ;human inhabitants。; According 

to   other   accounts     Singhala    was    originally    occupied     by   Rakshasas     or 

Rakshas�察 �demons who devour men�察─�and ;beings to be feared�察─�monstrous 

cannibals   or   anthropophagi�察  �the   terror   of   the   shipwrecked   mariner。   Our 

author's ;spirits; ��。�� ��。�� were of a gentler type。 His dragons or nagas have 

come before us again and again。 

     ��2�А�That Sakyamuni ever visited Ceylon is to me more than doubtful。 

Hardy�察 �in   M。  B。�察 �pp。  207´213�察 �has   brought together   the legends   of   three 

visits��in the  first�察 �fifth�察 �and   eighth   years of  his   Buddhaship。  It   is   plain�察�

however�察     �from    Fa´hien's    narrative�察  �that   in  the  beginning     of   our  fifth 

century�察  �Buddhism   prevailed   throughout   the   island。   Davids   in   the   last 

chapter   of   his   ;Buddhism;   ascribes   its   introduction   to   one   of   Asoka's 

missions�察�after the Council of Patna��

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

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