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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及33何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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chapter   of   his   ;Buddhism;   ascribes   its   introduction   to   one   of   Asoka's 

missions�察�after the Council of Patna�察�under his son Mahinda�察�when Tissa�察�

;the delight of the gods�察─�was king ��B。C。 250´230��。 

     ��3�А�This would be what is known as ;Adam's peak�察─�having�察�according 

to    Hardy     ��pp。   211�察  �212�察   �notes���察   �the   three   names     of   Selesumano�察�

Samastakuta�察�and Samanila。 ;There is an indentation on the top of it�察─�a 

superficial hollow�察�5 feet 3 3/4 inches long�察�and about 2 1/2 feet wide。 The 

Hindus   regard   it   as   the   footprint   of   Siva�察  �the   Mohameddans�察  �as   that   of 

Adam�察�and the Buddhists�察�as in the text��as having been made by Buddha。 

     ��4�А�Meaning ;The Fearless Hill。; There is still the Abhayagiri tope�察�the 

highest in Ceylon�察�according to Davids�察�250 feet in height�察�and built about 

B。C。   90�察  �by   Watta   Gamini�察  �in   whose   reign�察  �about   160   years   after   the 

Council      of  Patna�察   �and   330   years    after  the   death   of   Sakyamuni�察     �the 

Tripitaka was first reduced to writing in Ceylon�察 �Buddhism�察─�p。 234。 

     ��5�А�We naturally suppose that the merchant´offerer was a Chinese�察�as 

indeed   the   Chinese   texts   say�察  �and   the   fan   such   as   Fa´hien   had   seen   and 

used in his native land。 

     ��6�А�This should be the pippala�察�or bodhidruma�察�generally spoken of�察�in 

connexion   with   Buddha�察  �as   the   Bo   tree�察  �under   which   he   attained   to   the 

Buddhaship。 It is strange our author should have confounded them as he 



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seems to do。 In what we are told of the tree here�察�we have�察�no doubt�察�his 

account of the planting�察�growth�察�and preservation of the famous Bo tree�察�

which   still   exists   in   Ceylon。   It   has   been   stated   in   a   previous   note   that 

Asoka's son�察  �Mahinda�察  �went   as   the   apostle   of  Buddhism  to   Ceylon。   By´ 

and´by he sent for his sister Sanghamitta�察�who had entered the order at the 

same   time   as   himself�察  �and   whose   help   was   needed�察  �some   of   the   king's 

female relations having signified their wish to become nuns。 On leaving 

India�察�she took with her a branch of the sacred Bo tree at Buddha Gaya�察�

under which Sakyamuni had become Buddha。 Of how the tree has grown 

and still lives we have an account in Davids' ;Buddhism。; He quotes the 

words of Sir Emerson Tennent�察�that it is ;the oldest historical tree in the 

world�察─�but this must be denied if it be true�察�as Eitel says�察�that the tree at 

Buddha Gaya�察�from which the slip that grew to be this tree was taken more 

than 2000 years ago�察�is itself still living in its place。 We must conclude that 

Fa´hien�察�when in Ceylon�察�heard neither of Mahinda nor Sanghamitta。 

     ��7�А  �Compare   what   is   said   in   chap。   xvi�察  �about   the   inquiries   made   at 

monasteries as to the standing of visitors in the monkhood�察�and duration of 

their ministry。 

     ��8�А  �The   phonetic   values   of   the   two   Chinese   characters   here   are   in 

Sanskrit sa�察�and va�察�bo or bha。 ;Sabaean; is Mr。 Beal's reading of them�察�

probably correct。 I suppose the merchants were Arabs�察�forerunners of the 

so´called Moormen�察�who still form so important a part of the mercantile 

community in Ceylon。 

     ��9�А�A  Kalpa�察  �we   have   seen�察 �denotes   a   great   period   of   time�察  �a   period 

during   which   a   physical   universe   is   formed   and   destroyed。 Asankhyeya 

denotes the highest sum for which a conventional term exists�察�according 

to   Chinese     calculations     equal   to   one   followed     by   seventeen     ciphers�察�

according   to   Thibetan   and   Singhalese�察  �equal   to   one   followed   by   ninety´ 

seven   ciphers。   Every   Maha´kalpa   consists   of   four   Asankhyeya´   kalpas。 

Eitel�察�p。 15。 

     ��10�А�See chapter ix。 

     ��11�А�See chapter xi。 

     ��12�А�He had been born in the Sakya house�察�to do for the world what the 

character of all his past births required�察�and he had done it。 



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     ��13�А�They could no more see him�察�the World´honoured one。 Compare 

the Sacred   Books of   the  East�察�vol。 xi�察 �Buddhist   Suttas�察 �pp。  89�察 �121�察 �and 

note on p。 89。 

     ��14�А�Sudana or Sudatta was the name of the Bodhisattva in the birth 

which preceded his appearance as Sakyamuni or Gotama�察�when he became 

the   Supreme   Buddha。 This   period   is   known   as   the Vessantara   Jataka�察  �of 

which Hardy�察�M。 B。�察�pp。 116´124�察�gives a long account�察�see also ;Buddhist 

Birth Stories�察─�the Nidana Katha�察�p。 158。 In it�察�as Sudana�察�he fulfilled ;the 

Perfections�察─�his distinguishing attribute being entire self´renunciation and 

alms´giving�察�so that in the Nidana Katha is made to say �─�Buddhist Birth 

Stories�察─�p。 159���此�

       ;This earth�察�unconscious though she be�察�and ignorant of joy or grief�察�

Even she by my free´giving's mighty power was shaken seven times。; 

     Then�察  �when   he   passed   away�察  �he   appeared   in   the   Tushita   heaven�察  �to 

enter in due time the womb of Maha´maya�察�and be born as Sakyamuni。 

     ��15�А�I take the name Sama from Beal's revised version。 He says in a 

note that the Sama Jataka�察�as well as the Vessantara�察�is represented in the 

Sanchi sculptures。 But what the Sama Jataka was I do not yet know。 But 

adopting   this   name�察  �the   two   Chinese       characters   in   the   text   should  be 

translated      ;the   change     into   Sama。;      Remusat      gives    for   them�察    �la 

transformation en eclair�察─�Beal�察�in his first version�察 �his appearance as a 

bright   flash   of   light�察─  �Giles�察   �as   a   flash   of   lightning。;   Julien's   Methode 

does not give the phonetic value in Sanskrit of ��。��。 

     ��16�А�In an analysis of the number of times and the different forms in 

which Sakyamuni had appeared in his Jataka births�察�given by Hardy ��M。 

B。�察�p。  100���察 �it   is   said   that   he had   appeared   six times   as   an   elephant�察 �ten 

times as a deer�察�and four times as a horse。 

     ��17�А  �Chaitya   is   a   general   term   designating   all   places   and   objects   of 

religious     worship     which    have    a   reference    to   ancient    Buddhas�察    �and 

including therefore Stupas and temples as well as sacred relics�察�pictures�察�

statues�察�&c。 It is defined as ;a fane�察─ �a place for worship and presenting 

offerings。; Eitel�察�p。 141。 The hill referred to is the sacred hill of Mihintale�察�

about   eight   miles due   east of   the  Bo   tree�察 �Davids'  Buddhism�察 �pp。   230�察�

231。 



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     ��18�А  �Eitel   says   ��p。   31���此   �A  famous   ascetic�察  �the   founder   of   a   school�察�

which flourished in Ceylon�察�A。D。 400。; But Fa´hien gives no intimation of 

Dharma´gupta's founding a school。 



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                         CHAPTER XXXIX 



     CREMATION OF AN ARHAT。 SERMON OF A DEVOTEE。 

     South   of   the   city   seven   le   there   is   a   vihara�察  �called   the   Maha´vihara�察�

where 3000 monks reside。 There had been among them a Sramana�察�of such 

lofty   virtue�察  �and   so   holy   and   pure   in   his   observance   of   the   disciplinary 

rules�察  �that   the   people   all   surmised   that   he   was   an Arhat。  When   he   drew 

near    his   end�察  �the  king    came    to  examine      into  the   point�察  �and   having 

assembled   the   monks   according   to   rule�察  �asked   whether   the   bhikshu   had 

attained to the full degree of Wisdom。��1�А�They answered in the affirmative�察�

saying that he was an Arhat。 The king accordingly�察�when he died�察�buried 

him after the fashion of an Arhat�察�as the regular rules prescribed。 Four of 

five   le   east   from   the   vihara   there   was   reared   a   great   pile   of   firewood�察�

which   might   be   more   than   thirty   cubits   square�察  �and   the   same   in   height。 

Near the top were laid sandal�察�aloe�察�and other kinds of fragrant wood。 

     On the four sides ��of the pile�� they made steps by which to ascend it。 

With   clean   white   hair´cloth�察  �almost   like   silk�察  �they   wrapped   ��the   body�� 

round and   round。��2�А�They  made   a large   carriage´frame�察  �in   form  like   our 

funeral car�察�but without the dragons and fishes。��3�А�

     At   the   time   of   the   cremation�察�the king   and the   people�察�in   multitudes 

from   all   quarters�察  �collected   together�察  �and   presented   offerings   of   flowers 

and incense。 While they were following the car to the burial´ ground�撮�4�А�

the king himself presented flowers and incense。 When this was finished�察�

the car was lifted on the pile�察�all over which oil of sweet basil was poured�察�

and then a light was applied。 While the fire was blazing�察�every one�察�with a 

reverent heart�察�pulled off his upper garment�察�and threw it�察�with his feather´ 

fan and umbrella�察�from a distance into the midst of the flames�察�to assist the 

burning。 When the cremation was over�察�they collected and preserved the 

bones�察�and proceeded to erect a tope。 Fa´hien had not arrived in time ��to 

see the distinguished Shaman�� alive�察�and only saw his burial。 

     At   that   time   the   king�撮�5�А  �who   was   a   sincere   believer   in   the   Law   of 

Buddha and wished to build a new vihara for the monks�察�first convoked a 

great assembly。 After giving the monks a meal of rice�察�and presenting his 

offerings ��on the occasion���察�he selected a pair of first´rate oxen�察�the horns 



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