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及7何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及7何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




ceremony�� began on the first day of the fourth month�察�and ended on the 

fourteenth�察�after which the king and queen returned to the palace。 

     Seven   or   eight   le   to   the   west   of   the   city   there   is   what   is   called   the 

King's     New    Monastery�察    �the   building    of  which    took   eighty    years�察  �and 

extended over three reigns。 It may be 250 cubits in height�察�rich in elegant 

carving and inlaid work�察�covered above with gold and silver�察�and finished 

throughout with a combination of all the precious substances。 Behind the 

tope there has been built a Hall of Buddha�撮�15�А�of the utmost magnificence 

and   beauty�察  �the   beams�察  �pillars�察  �venetianed doors�察  �and   windows   being   all 

overlaid   with   gold´leaf。   Besides   this�察  �the   apartments   for   the   monks   are 

imposingly and elegantly decorated�察�beyond the power of words to express。 

Of whatever things of highest value and preciousness the kings in the six 

countries on the east of the ��Ts'ung�� range of mountains��16�А�are possessed�察�

they contribute the greater portion ��to this monastery���察�using but a small 

portion of them themselves。��17�А�



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А  �This   fondness   for   music   among   the   Khoteners   is   mentioned   by 

Hsuan and Ch'wang and others。 

     ��2�А�Mahayana。 It is a later form of the Buddhist doctrine�察�the second 

phase of its development corresponding to the state of a Bodhisattva�察�who�察�

being     able  to   transport   himself    and    all  mankind     to  nirvana�察   �may    be 

compared   to   a   huge   vehicle。   See   Davids   on   the   ;Key´note   of   the   'Great 

Vehicle��'; Hibbert Lectures�察�p。 254。 

     ��3�А�Fa´hien supplies sufficient information of how the common store 

or funds of the monasteries were provided�察�farther on in chapters xvi and 

xxxix�察�as well as in other passages。 As the point is important�察�I will give 

here�察�from Davids' fifth Hibbert Lecture ��p。 178���察�some of the words of the 

dying     Buddha�察     �taken    from    ;The    Book     of   the   Great    Decease�察─    �as 

illustrating    the   statement    in  this  text�此�So    long   as  the   brethren    shall 

persevere   in   kindness   of   action�察  �speech�察  �and   thought   among   the   saints�察�

both in public and private�察�so long as they shall divide without partiality�察�

and   share   in   common   with   the   upright   and   holy�察  �all   such   things   as   they 

receive in accordance with the just provisions of the order�察�down even to 

the   mere   contents   of   a   begging   bowl�察   �   。   。   so   long   may   the   brethren   be 

expected not to decline�察�but to prosper。; 

     ��4�А�The Chinese ��。�� ��t'ah�察�in Cantonese�察�t'ap���察�as used by Fa´hien�察�is�察�no 

doubt�察�a phonetisation of the Sanskrit stupa or Pali thupa�察�and it is well in 

translating to use for the structures described by him the name of topes�察�

made     familiar    by   Cunningham        and   other   Indian    antiquarians。     In  the 

thirteenth      chapter    there    is   an    account     of    one    built   under     the 

superintendence of Buddha himself�察 �as a model for all topes in future。; 

They   were   usually   in   the   form   of   bell´shaped   domes�察  �and   were   solid�察�

surmounted   by   a   long   tapering   pinnacle   formed   with   a   series   of   rings�察�

varying in number。 But their form�察�I suppose�察�was often varied�察�just as we 

have in China pagodas of different shapes。 There are several topes now in 

the Indian Institute at Oxford�察�brought from Buddha Gaya�察�but the largest 

of them is much smaller than ;the smallest; of those of Khoten。 They were 

intended chiefly to contain the relics of Buddha and famous masters of his 



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Law�察�but what relics could there be in the Tiratna topes of chapter xvi�拭�

     ��5�А�The meaning here is much disputed。 The author does not mean to 

say    that   the   monk's     apartments     were    made     ;square�察─   �but   that   the 

monasteries were made with many guest´chambers or spare rooms。 

     ��6�А  �The   Sanskrit    term   for  a  monastery   is    used   here��Sangharama�察�

;gardens of the assembly�察─�originally denoting only ;the surrounding park�察�

but afterwards transferred to   the whole of the   premises; ��E。   H。�察�p。   118��。 

Gomati�察�the name of this monastery�察�means ;rich in cows。; 

     ��7�А�A  denomination   for   the   monks   as   vimala�察   �undefiled;   or   ;pure。; 

Giles makes it ;the menials that attend on the monks�察─�but I have not met 

with it in that application。 

     ��8�А  �K'eeh´ch'a     has   not   been    clearly   identified。   Remusat      made    it 

Cashmere�察�Klaproth�察�Iskardu�察�Beal makes it Kartchou�察�and Eitel�察�Khas'a�察�

;an ancient tribe on the Paropamisus�察�the Kasioi of Ptolemy。; I think it was 

Ladak�察�or some well´known place in it。 Hwuy´tah�察�unless that name be an 

alias�察�appears here for the first time。 

     ��9�А�Instead of ;four�察─�the Chinese copies of the text have ;fourteen�察─�

but the Corean reading is�察�probably�察�more correct。 

     ��10�А�There may have been�察�as Giles says�察 �maids of honour�察─�but the 

character does not say so。 

     ��11�А  �The   Sapta´ratna�察  �gold�察  �silver�察  �lapis   lazuli�察  �rock   crystal�察  �rubies�察�

diamonds or emeralds�察�and agate。 See Sacred Books of the East ��Davids' 

Buddhist Suttas���察�vol。 xi。�察�p。 249。 

     ��12�А�No doubt that of Sakyamuni himself。 

     ��13�А�A  Bodhisattva   is   one   whose   essence   has   become   intelligence�察  �a 

Being who will in some future birth as a man ��not necessarily or usually 

the next�� attain to Buddhahood。 The name does not include those Buddhas 

who have not yet attained to pari´nirvana。 The symbol of the state is   an 

elephant fording a river。 Popularly�察�its abbreviated form P'u´sa is used in 

China for any idol or image�察�here the name has its proper signification。 

     ��14�А。�。�� ��。���察 �all the thien�察─�or simply ;the thien; taken as plural。 But 

in Chinese the character called thien ��。�� denotes heaven�察�or Heaven�察�and is 

interchanged with Ti and Shang Ti�察�meaning God。 With the Buddhists it 

denotes   the   devas   or   Brahmanic   gods�察  �or   all   the   inhabitants   of   the   six 



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devalokas。      The    usage    shows     the  antagonism      between      Buddhism      and 

Brahmanism�察�and still more that between it and Confucianism。 

     ��15�А   �Giles    and   Williams     call   this  ;the   oratory    of   Buddha。;      But 

;oratory; gives the idea of a small apartment�察�whereas the name here leads 

the   mind   to   think   of   a   large   ;hall。;   I   once   accompanied   the   monks   of   a 

large monastery from their refectory to the Hall of Buddha�察�which was a 

lofty and spacious apartment splendidly fitted up。 

     ��16�А   �The     Ts'ung�察   �or   ;Onion;     range�察   �called    also    the   Belurtagh 

mountains�察�including the Karakorum�察�and forming together the connecting 

links between the more northern T'een´shan and the Kwun´lun mountains 

on   the   north   of   Thibet。   It   would   be   difficult   to   name   the   six   countries 

which Fa´hien had in mind。 

     ��17�А�This seems to be the meaning here。 My first impression of it was 

that   the   author   meant   to   say   that   the   contributions   which   they   received 

were   spent   by   the   monks   mainly   on   the   buildings�察  �and   only   to   a   small 

extent for themselves�察�and I still hesitate between that view and the one in 

the version。 

     There occurs here the binomial phrase kung´yang ��。�� ��。���察�which is one 

of   the   most   common   throughout   the   narrative�察  �and   is   used   not   only   of 

support      in   the   way     of   substantial     contributions      given    to   monks�察�

monasteries�察�and Buddhism�察�but generally of all Buddhistic worship�察�if I 

may   use   that   term   in   the   connexion。   Let   me   here   quote   two   or   three 

sentences      from   Davids'     Manual     ��pp。  168´170���此�The        members      of  the 

order are secured from want。 There is no place in the Buddhist scheme for 

churches�察  �the   offering   of   flowers   before   the   sacred   tree   or   image   of   the 

Buddha takes the place of worship。 Buddhism does not acknowledge the 

efficacy of prayers�察�and in the warm countries where Buddhists live�察�the 

occasional reading of the law�察�or preaching of the word�察�in public�察�can take 

place best in the open air�察�by  moonlight�察�under a simple roof of trees or 

palms。 There   are   five   principal   kinds   of   meditation�察  �which   in   Buddhism 

takes the place of prayer。; 



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                            CHAPTER IV 



    THROUGH THE TS'UNG OR ;ONION; MOUNTAINS TO K'EEH´ 

CH'A��PROBABLY SKARDO�察�OR SOME CITY MORE TO THE EAST 

IN LADAK 

    When the processions of images in the fourth month were over�察�Sang´ 

shao�察�by himself alone�察�followed a Tartar who was an earnest follower of 

the   Law�撮�1�А  �and   proceeded   towards   Kophene。��2�А  �Fa´hien   and   the   others 

went forward to the kingdom of Tsze´hoh�察�which it took them twenty´five 

days to reach。��3�А�Its king was a strenuous follower of our Law�撮�4�А�and had 

��around     him��   more   than   a  thousand   monks�察   �mostly    students  of   the 

mahayana。 Here   ��the   travellers��   abode   fifteen days�察 �and then   went south 

for   four   days�察 �when    they   found   themselves     among    the  Ts'ung´ling 

mountains�察�and rea

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議