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及9何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及9何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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height�察�and eight cubits at the base from knee to knee of the crossed legs。 

On   fast´days   it   emits   an   effulgent   light。   The   kings   of   the   ��surrounding�� 

countries vie with one another in presenting offerings to it。 Here it is��to 

be seen now as of old。��5�А�



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А  �Eitel  and   others    identify   this  with   Darada�察   �the  country    of  the 

ancient Dardae�察�the region near Dardus�察�lat。 30d 11s N。�察�lon。 73d 54s E。 

See E。 H。 p。 30。 I am myself in more than doubt on the point。 Cunningham 

�─�Ancient Geography of India�察─�p。 82�� says ;Darel is a valley on the right 

or   western   bank   of   the   Indus�察  �now   occupied   by   Dardus   or   Dards�察  �from 

whom it received its name。; But as I read our narrative�察�Fa´hien is here on 

the   eastern   bank   of   the   Indus�察  �and   only   crosses   to   the   western   bank   as 

described in the next chapter。 

     ��2�А�Lo´han�察�Arhat�察�Arahat�察�are all designations of the perfected Arya�察�

the   disciple   who   has   passed   the   different   stages   of   the   Noble   Path�察  �or 

eightfold excellent way�察�who has conquered all passions�察�and is not to be 

reborn again。 Arhatship implies possession of certain supernatural powers�察�

and is not to be succeeded by Buddhaship�察�but implies the fact of the saint 

having already attained nirvana。 Popularly�察�the Chinese designate by this 

name the wider circle of Buddha's disciples�察�as well as the smaller ones of 

500 and 18。 No temple in Canton is better worth a visit than that of the 

500 Lo´han。 

     ��3�А  �Riddhi´sakshatkriya�察       �the   power    of   supernatural     footsteps�察�=;a 

body flexible at pleasure�察─�or unlimited power over the body。 E。 H。�察�p。 104。 

     ��4�А�Tushita is the fourth Devaloka�察�where all Bodhisattvas are reborn 

before   finally   appearing   on   earth   as   Buddha。   Life   lasts   in   Tushita   4000 

years�察�but twenty´four hours there are equal to 400 years on earth。 E。 H。�察�p。 

152。 

     ��5�А   �Maitreya     ��Spence      Hardy�察   �Maitri���察   �often    styled    Ajita�察   �the 

Invincible�察─�was a Bodhisattva�察�the principal one�察�indeed�察�of Sakyamuni's 

retinue�察�but is not counted among the ordinary ��historical�� disciples�察�nor is 

anything      told  of   his  antecedents。     It  was   in  the   Tushita    heaven    that 

Sakyamuni   met   him   and   appointed   him   as   his   successor�察  �to   appear   as 

Buddha after the lapse of 5000 years。 Maitreya is therefore the expected 

Messiah of the Buddhists�察�residing at present in Tushita�察�and�察�according to 

the    account     of  him    in   Eitel   ��H。�察  �p。  70���察   �already    controlling     the 

propagation   of   the   Buddhistic   faith。;   The   name   means   ;gentleness;   or 



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;kindness�察─�and this will be the character of his dispensation。 

     ��6�А�The combination of ��。�� ��。�� in the text of this concluding sentence�察�

and   so   frequently  occurring   throughout   the   narrative�察  �has   occasioned   no 

little  dispute    among     previous     translators。   In  the   imperial    thesaurus    of 

phraseology ��P'ei´wan Yun´foo���察�under ��。���察�an example of it is given from 

Chwang´tsze�察  �and   a   note   subjoined   that   ��。��   ��。��   is   equivalent   to   ��。��   ��。���察�

;anciently and now。; 



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                             CHAPTER VII 



     CROSSING          OF     THE      INDUS。       WHEN        BUDDHISM           FIRST 

CROSSED THE RIVER FOR THE EAST 

     The travellers went on to the south´west for fifteen days ��at the foot of 

the   mountains�察  �and��   following   the   course   of   their   range。   The   way   was 

difficult   and   rugged�察   。�running    along��   a  bank    exceedingly     precipitous�察�

which rose up there�察�a hill´like wall of rock�察�10��000 cubits from the base。 

When one approaches the edge of it�察�his eyes become unsteady�察�and if he 

wished to go forward in the same direction�察�there was no place on which 

he could place his foot�察�and beneath where the waters of the river called 

the Indus。��1�А�In former times men had chiselled paths along the rocks�察�and 

distributed ladders on the face of them�察�to the number altogether of 700�察�at 

the bottom of which there was a suspension bridge of ropes�察�by which the 

river was crossed�察�its banks being there eighty paces apart。��2�А�The ��place 

and     arrangements��      are   to   be   found    in  the   Records     of   the   Nine 

Interpreters�撮�3�А�but neither Chang K'een��4�А�nor Kan Ying��5�А�had reached 

the spot。 

     The   monks��6�А  �asked   Fa´hien   if   it   could   be   known   when   the   Law   of 

Buddha   first   went   to   the   east。   He   replied�察   �When   I   asked   the   people   of 

those countries about it�察�they all said that it had been handed down by their 

fathers   from   of   old   that�察  �after   the   setting   up   of   the   image   of   Maitreya 

Bodhisattva�察�there were Sramans of India who crossed this river�察�carrying 

with   them   Sutras   and   Books   of   Discipline。   Now   the   image   was   set   up 

rather more than 300 years after the nirvana��7�А�of Buddha�察�which may be 

referred to the reign of king P'ing of the Chow dynasty。��8�А�According to 

this account we may say that the diffusion of our great doctrines ��in the 

east�� began from ��the setting up of�� this image。 If it had not been through 

that Maitreya�撮�9�А�the great spiritual master��10�А。�who is to be�� the successor 

of the Sakya�察�who could have caused the 'Three Precious Ones'��11�А�to be 

proclaimed so far�察�and the people of those border lands to know our Law�拭�

We know of a truth that the opening of ��the way for such�� a mysterious 

propagation is not the work of man�察�and so the dream of the emperor Ming 

of Han��12�А�had its proper cause。; 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А  �The   Sindhu。   We   saw   in   a   former   note   that   the   earliest   name   in 

China for India was Shin´tuh。 So�察�here�察�the river Indus is called by a name 

approaching that in sound。 

     ��2�А�Both Beal and Watters quote from Cunningham ��Ladak�察�pp。 88�察�89�� 

the   following   description   of   the   course   of   the   Indus   in   these   parts�察  �in 

striking accordance with our author's account�此�From Skardo to Rongdo�察�

and from Rongdo to Makpou´i´shang´rong�察�for upwards of 100 miles�察�the 

Indus   sweeps   sullen   and dark   through a   mighty  gorge   in the   mountains�察�

which     for   wild   sublimity     is  perhaps    unequalled。     Rongdo      means    the 

country of defiles。 。 。 。 Between these points the Indus raves from side to 

side of the gloomy chasm�察�foaming and chafing with ungovernable fury。 

Yet    even   in   these   inaccessible    places    has  daring    and   ingenious     man 

triumphed   over   opposing   nature。 The   yawning   abyss   is   spanned   by  frail 

rope bridges�察�and the narrow ledges of rocks are connected by ladders to 

form a giddy pathway overhanging the seething cauldron below。; 

     ��3�А�The Japanese edition has a different reading here from the Chinese 

copies��one which Remusat ��with true critical instinct�� conjectured should 

take    the   place   of  the   more    difficult   text  with    which    alone    he  was 

acquainted。      The   ;Nine    Interpreters;    would    be   a  general   name    for   the 

official    interpreters    attached    to  the  invading     armies    of  Han    in   their 

attempts   to   penetrate   and   subdue   the   regions   of   the   west。   The   phrase 

occurs in the memoir of Chang K'een�察�referred to in the next note。 

     ��4�А�Chang K'een�察�a minister of the emperor Woo of Han ��B。C。 140´87���察�

is celebrated as the first Chinese who ;pierced the void�察─�and penetrated to 

;the    regions    of   the  west�察─   �corresponding      very    much    to   the  present 

Turkestan。      Through      him�察   �by   B。C。    115�察   �a  regular    intercourse     was 

established   between   China   and   the   thirty´six   kingdoms   or   states   of   that 

quarter��see     Mayers'     Chinese    Reader's    Manual�察    �p。  5。  The    memoir     of 

Chang   K'een�察  �translated   by   Mr。   Wylie   from   the   Books   of   the   first   Han 

dynasty�察�appears in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute�察�referred to 

already。 

     ��5�А�Less is known of Kan Ying than of Chang K'een。 Being sent in A。D。 



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88 by his patron Pan Chao on an embassy to the Roman empire�察�he only 

got as far as the Caspian sea�察�and returned to China。 He extended�察�however�察�

the knowledge of his countrymen with regard to the western regions��see 

the   memoir   of   Pan   Chao   in   the   Books   of   the   second   Han�察  �and   Mayers' 

Manual�察�pp。 167�察�168。 

     ��6�А�Where and when�拭�Probably at his first resting´place after crossing 

the Indus。 

     ��7�А�This   may  refer to   Sakyamuni's   becoming Buddha on   attaining   to 

nirvana�察�or more probably to his pari´nirvana and death。 

     ��8�А�As king P'ing's reign lasted from B。C。 750 to 719�察�this would place 

the death of Buddha in the eleventh century B。C。�察�whereas recent inquirers 

place it between B。C。 480 and 470�察�a year or two�察�or a few years�察�after that 

of   Confucius�察  �so   that   the   two   great   ;Masters;   of   the   east   were   really 

contemporaries。 But if Rhys Davids 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議