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finely。     Perrotte     openly    agreed     with   the   Veuve     Roussell     regarding 

Helene's behaviour。         This�察�with the confidence reposed in Perrotte by the 

Roussells�察�might have been enough to set Helene against her。                     But there 

was an additional cause for jealousy�此�Jean Andre�察�the hotel ostler�察�but also 

described      as   a  cabinet´maker�察     �though     friendly    enough     with   Helene�察�

showed a marked preference for the younger�察�and comelier�察�Perrotte。                     The 

Veuve   Roussell   fell   ill   in   the   middle   of   June。 In   August   Perrotte   was 

seized by a similar malady�察�and�察�in spite of all her resistance�察�had to take to 

her bed。     Vomiting and purging marked the course of her illness�察�pains in 

the stomach and limbs�察�distension of the abdomen�察�and swelling of the feet。 

With   her   strong   constitution   she   put   up   a   hard   fight   for   her   life�察 �but 

succumbed on the 1st of September�察�1850。                  The doctors called in�察�MM。 

Vincent and Guyot�察�were extremely puzzled by the course of the illness。 

At times the girl would seem to be on the mend�察�then there would come a 

sudden relapse。       After Perrotte's death they pressed for an autopsy�察�but the 

peasant relatives of the girl showed the usual repugnance of their class to 

the   idea。   Helene   was   taken   red´handed   in   the   theft   of   wine�察  �and   was 

dismissed。      Fifteen days later she took service with the Bidards。 

     These are the salient facts of Helene's progression from 1833 to 1851 

as   brought    out   by   the  investigations     made    by   and   for  the  Procureur´ 

General     of   Rennes。     All   possible    channels    were    explored    to  discover 

where     Helene     had   procured    the   arsenic�察  �but  without     success。    Under 

examination by the Juge d'instruction she stoutly denied all knowledge of 

the poison。      ``I don't know anything about arsenicdon't know what it is��'' 

she repeated。      ``No witness can say I ever had any。''            It was believed that 

she had secured a large supply in her early days�察�and had carried it with 

her   through   the   years�察  �but   that   at   the   first   definite   word   of   suspicion 

against   her   had   got   rid   of   it。 During   her   trial   mention   was   made   of 

packets found in a chest she had used while at Locsine�察�the place where 

seven   deaths   had   occurred。       But   it   was   never   clearly   established   that 

these   packets   had   contained   arsenic。      It   was   never   clearly   established�察�

though it could be inferred�察�that Helene ever had arsenic at all。 



     �ァ�II 



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     The     first  hearings     of   Helene's    case    were    taken    before    the   Juge 

d'instruction in   Rennes�察�and she was   remanded to the assizes   for  Ille´et´ 

Vilaine�察  �which      took   place�察   �apparently�察   �in  the   same    city。   The    charges 

against her were limited to eleven thefts�察�three murders by poisoning�察�and 

three attempts at murder by the like means。                Under the prescription legale 

twenty´three poisonings�察�six attempts at poisoning�察�and a number of thefts�察�

all of which had taken place within the space of ten years�察�had to be left 

out   of   the   indictment。     We   shall   see�察  �however�察  �that�察  �under   the   curious 

rules regarding permissible evidence which prevail in French criminal law�察�

the Assize Court concerned itself quite largely with this prescribed matter。 

     The trial began on the 6th of December�察�1851�察�at a time when France 

was in a political uproaror�察�more justly perhaps�察�was settling down from 

political uproar。       The famous coup d'etat of that year had happened four 

days before。       Maitre Dorange�察�defending Helene�察�asked for a remand to a 

later   session    on   the   ground    that   some    of  his   material    witnesses     were 

unavailable       owing    to   the  political   situation。     An     eminent     doctor�察  �M。 

Baudin�察�had died ``pour maintien des lois。''              There was some argument on 

the matter�察�but the President ruled that all material witnesses were present。 

Scientific experts could be called only to assist the court。 

     The   business   of   this   first   day   was   taken   up   almost   completely   by 

questions   on   the   facts   produced   in   investigation�察  �and   these   mostly   facts 

covered   by   the   prescription。       The   legal   value   of   this   run   of   questions 

would seem  doubtful   in   the Anglo´Saxon idea  of   justice�察�but   it   gives   an 

indication      of  the  shiftiness    in  answer     of  the   accused。     It   was   a  long 

interrogation�察     �but   Helene     faced    it  with    notable    self´possession。       On 

occasion   she   answered   with   vigour�察  �but   in   general   sombrely   and   with 

lowered eyes。        At times she broke into volubility。             This did not serve to 

remove the impression of shiftiness�察�for her answers were seldom to the 

point。 

     Wasn't it true�察�she was asked�察�that in Locmine she had been followed 

and   insulted   with   cries�此      �`C'est   la   femme   au   foie   blanc�察  �elle   porte   la 

mort avec elle��''�拭      �Nobody had ever said anything of the sort to her�察�was 

her sullen answer。         A useless denial。        There were plenty of witnesses to 

express   their   belief   in   her   ``white   liver''   and   to   tell   of   her   reputation   of 



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carrying death。 

     Asked   why   she   had   been   dismissed   from   the   convent   at Auray�察  �she 

answered that she did not know。            The Mother Superior had told her to go。 

She had been too old to learn reading and writing。                 Pressed on the point 

of   the   slashed    garments     of   the  pupils   and    the  linen   in  the   convent 

cupboards�察�Helene retorted that somebody had cut her petticoats as well�察�

and    that�察  �anyhow�察    �the  sisters   had   never   accused     her   of  working     the 

mischief。 

     This last answer was true in part。          The evidence on which Helene had 

been     dismissed     the   convent     was   circumstantial。       A    sister  from    the 

community described Helene's behaviour otherwise as edifying indeed。 

     After the merciless fashion of French judges�察�the President came back 

time   and   again   to   attack   Helene   on   the   question   of   poison。  If   Perrotte 

Mace did not get the poison from herfrom whom�察�then�拭�

     ``I   don't   know   anything   of   poison��''   was   the   reply�察  �with   the  pious 

addendum�察 �`and�察�God willing�察�I never will��'' 

     This�察�with variations�察�was her constant answer。 

     ``Qu'est´ce que c'est l'arsenic�拭�Je n'en ai jamais vu d'arsenic�察�moi��'' 

     The President had occasion later to take her up on these denials。                  The 

curate of Seglien came to give evidence。               He had been curate during the 

time   of   M。   Conan�察 �in   whose   service   Helene   had   been   at   that   time。  He 

could swear that M。 Conan had repeatedly told his servants to watch that 

the domestic animals did not get at the poisoned bait prepared for the rats。 

M。 Conan's servants had complete access to the arsenic used。 

     Helene interposed at this point。          ``I know��'' she said�察 �`that M。 Conan 

had   asked   for   arsenic�察  �but   I   wasn't   there   at   the   time。 My  aunt   told   me 

about it。'' 

     The President reminded her that in her interrogaion she had declared 

she knew nothing of arsenic�察�nor had heard anyone speak of it。                      Helene 

sullenly     persisted    in  her   first  declaration�察    �but   modified     it  with   the 

admission that her aunt had told her the stuff was dangerous�察�and not to be 

used save with the strictest precautions。 

     This   evidence   of   the   arsenic   at   Seglien   was   brought   forward   on   the 

second     day    of  the  trial�察 �when    witnesses     began    to  be  heard。     Before 



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pursuing the point of where the accused might have obtained the poison I 

should   like   to   quote�察  �as   typical   of   the   hypocritical   piety   exhibited   by 

Helene�察�one of her answers on the first day。 

     After   reminding   her   that   Rose   Tessier's   sickness   had   increased   after 

taking a tisane that Helene had prepared the President asked if it was not 

the fact that she alone had looked after Rose。 

     ``No��'' Helen replied。       ``Everybody was meddling。            All I did was put 

the tisane on to boil。      I have suffered a great deal��'' she added gratuitously。 

``The good God will give me grace to bear up to the end。                    If I have not 

died of my sufferings in prison it is because God's hand has guided and 

sustained me。'' 

     With that in parenthesis�察�let us return to the evidence of the witnesses 

on the second day of the trial。         A great deal of it had to do with deaths on 

which�察  �under   the  prescription�察  �no   charge   could   be   made   against   Helene�察�

and with thefts that equally could not be the subject of accusation。 

     Dr Galzain�察�of Ponivy�察�who�察�eighteen years before�察�had performed the 

autopsy   on   Le   Drogo�察  �cure   of   Guern�察  �testified   that   though   he   had   then 

been puzzled by the pathological conditio

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