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the mastery of the air(荷忿腎賑)-及21何蛍

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pioneers who have helped to make the science of flight what it is to´day�察�it 

would be unfair not to mention the generosity of Lord Northcliffe and his 

co´directors of the Daily Mail towards the development of aviation in this 

country。 Up to the time of writing�察�the sum of L24��750 has been paid by 

the Daily Mail in the encouragement of flying�察�and prizes to the amount of 

L15��000   are   still   on   offer。   In   addition   to   these   prizes   this   journal   has 

maintained   pilots   who   may   be   described   as   ;Missionaries   of   Aviation;。 

Perhaps   the   foremost   of   them  is   M。   Salmet�察  �who   has   made   hundreds   of 

flights    in  various    parts   of  the   country�察  �and    has  aroused     the  greatest 

enthusiasm wherever he has flown。 

     The progress of aviation undoubtedly owes a great deal to the Press�察�

for the newspaper has succeeded in bringing home to most people the fact 

that the possession of air´craft is a matter of national importance。 It was of 

little use for airmen to make thrilling flights up and down an aerodrome�察�

with the object of interesting the general public�察�if the newspapers did not 

record   such   flights�察  �and   though   in   the   very   early   days   of   aviation   some 

newspapers   adopted        an   unfriendly   attitude   towards      the   possibilities  of 

practical   aviation�察  �nearly   all   the   Press   has   since   come   to   recognize   the 

aeroplane as a valuable means of national defence。 Right from the start the 

Daily Mail foresaw the importance of promoting the new science of flight 

by the award of prizes�察�and its public´spirited enterprise has done much to 

break up the prevailing apathy towards aviation among the British nation。 

     If these three great events had been mere spectacles and nothing else 

such   as�察  �for   instance�察  �that   great   horse´race   known   as   ;The   Derby;this 



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chapter   would   never   have   been       written。   But   they   are  most   worthy   of 

record   because   all   three   have   marked   clearly´defined   stepping´stones   in 

the    progress    of  flight�察 �they   have   proved    conclusively     that  aviation    is 

practicable�察�and that its ultimate entry into the busy life of the world is no 

more than a matter of perfecting details。 

     The first L10��000 prize was offered in November�察�1906�察�for a flight by 

aeroplane from London to Manchester in twenty´four hours�察�with not more 

than two stoppages en route。 In 1910 two competitors entered the lists for 

the flight�察  �one�察  �an Englishman�察  �Mr。   Claude Grahame´White�察  �the   other�察 �a 

Frenchman�察�M。 Paulhan。 

     Mr。   Grahame´White   made   the   first   attempt�察  �and   he   flew   remarkably 

well too�察�but he was forced to descend at Lichfieldabout 113 miles on the 

journeyowing to the high and gusty winds which prevailed in the Trent 

valley。   The   plucky   pilot   intended   to   continue   the   flight   early   the   next 

morning�察�but during the night his biplane was blown over in a gale while it 

stood in a field�察�and it was so badly damaged that the machine had to be 

sent back to London to be repaired。 

     This    took   so  long   that  his  French    rival�察 �M。   Paulhan�察    �was   able  to 

complete his plans and start from Hendon�察�on 27th April。 So rapidly had 

Paulhan's      machine     been   transported     from   Dover�察   �and    ;assembled;      at 

Hendon�察�that Mr。 White�察�whose biplane was standing ready at Wormwood 

Scrubbs�察�was taken by surprise when he heard that his rival had started on 

the journey and ;stolen a march on him;�察�so to speak。 Nothing daunted�察�

however�察�the plucky British aviator had his machine brought out�察�and he 

went in pursuit of Paulhan late in the afternoon。 When darkness set in Mr。 

White had reached Roade�察�but the French pilot was several miles ahead。 

     Now came one of the most thrilling feats in the history of aviation。 Mr。 

White knew that his only chance of catching Paulhan was to make a flight 

in the darkness�察�and though this was extremely hazardous he arose from a 

small field in the early morning�察�some hours before daybreak arrived�察�and 

flew to the north。 His friends had planned ingenious devices to guide him 

on   his   way�此  �thus   it   was   proposed   to   send   fast   motor´cars�察  �bearing   very 

powerful      lights�察 �along   the   route�察 �and   huge    flares  were   lighted   on   the 

railway�察�but the airman kept to his course chiefly by the help of the lights 



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from the railway stations。 

     Over hill and valley�察�forest and meadow�察�sleeping town and slumbering 

village�察�the airman flew�察�and when dawn arrived he had nearly overhauled 

his rival�察�who�察 �in complete  ignorance of   Mr。 White's   daring pursuit�察�had 

not yet started。 

     But now came another piece of very bad luck for the British aviator。 At 

daybreak a strong wind arose�察�and Mr。 White's machine was tossed about 

like a mere play´ball�察�so that he was compelled to land。 Paulhan�察�however�察�

who   was   a   pilot   with   far   more   experience�察  �was   able   to   overcome   the 

treacherous air gusts�察�and he flew on to Manchester�察�arriving there in the 

early morning。 

     Undoubtedly   the   better   pilot   won�察  �and   he   had   a   truly   magnificent 

reception in Manchester and London�察�and on his return to France。 But this 

historic    contest    laid   the   foundation     of   Mr。   Grahame´White's         great 

reputation as an aviator�察�and�察�as we all know�察�his fame has since become 

world´wide。 



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      CHAPTER XXXIII Three Historic Flights ��Cont。�� 



     About   a   month   after   Paulhan   had   won   the   ;London   to   Manchester; 

race�察  �the   world   of   aviation�察  �and   most   of   the   general   public   too�察  �were 

astonished to read the announcement of another enormous prize。 This time 

a much harder task was set�察�for the conditions of the contest stated that a 

circuit of Britain had to be made�察�covering a distance of about 1000 miles 

in one week�察�with eleven compulsory stops at fixed controls。 

     This prize was offered on 22nd May�察�1910�察�and in the following year 

seventeen competitors  entered the   lists。  It says   much   for the progress   of 

aviation at this time�察�when we read that�察�only a year before�察�it was difficult 

to find but two pilots to compete in the much easier race described in the 

last chapter。 Much of this progress was undoubtedly due to the immense 

enthusiasm       aroused     by   the   success    of   Paulhan     in  the   ;London      to 

Manchester; race。 

     We will not describe fully the second race�察�because�察�though it was of 

immense importance at the time�察�it has long since become a mere episode。 

Rarely has   Britain been   in such   great excitement   as during   that week in 

July�察�1911。 

     Engine     troubles�察   �breakdowns�察     �and    other   causes    soon   reduced     the 

seventeen   competitors   to   two   only�此  �Lieutenant   Conneau�察  �of   the   French 

Navy´who flew under the name of M。 Beaumontand M。 Vedrines。 Neck 

to   neck   they   flewif   we   may   be   allowed   this   horse´racing   expression 

over all sorts of country�察�which was quite unknown to them。 

     Victory ultimately rested with Lieutenant Conneau�察�who�察�on 26th July�察�

1911�察�passed the winning´post at Brooklands after having completed the 

course in the magnificent time of twenty´two hours�察�twenty´eight minutes�察�

averaging   about   45   miles   an   hour   for   the   whole   journey。   M。   Vedrines�察�

though   defeated�察  �made   a   most   plucky   fight。   Conneau's   success   was   due 

largely   to   his   ability   to   keep   to   the   courseon   two   or   three   occasions 

Vedrines   lost   his   way   and   doubtless   his   naval   training   in   map´reading 

and observation gave him the advantage over his rival。 

     The third   historic  flight   was   made   by  Mr。  Harry  Hawker�察 �in August�察�

1913。     This   was    an  attempt    to  win    a  prize   of  L5000     offered   by   the 



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proprietors   of   the   Daily   Mail   for   a   flight   round   the   British   coasts。   The 

route was from Cowes�察�in the Isle of Wight�察�along the southern and eastern 

coasts to Aberdeen and Cromarty�察�thence through the Caledonian Canal to 

Oban�察�then on to Dublin�察�thence to Falmouth�察�and along the south coast to 

Southampton Water。 

     Two important conditions of the contest were that the flight was to be 

made in an all´British aeroplane�察�fitted with a British engine。 Hitherto our 

aeroplane      constructors   and      engine    companies      were    behind    their   rivals 

across the Channel in the building of air´craft and aerial engines�察�and this 

country freely acknowledged the merits and enterprise of French aviators。 

Though   in   the   European   War   it   was   afterwards   proved   that   the   British 

airman and constructor were the equals if not the superiors of any in the 

world�察�at the date of this contest they were behind in many respects。 

     As   these   conditions precluded   the use of   the   famous   Gnome   engine�察�

which   had   won   so   many   contests�察  �and   indeed   the   employment   of   any 

engine made abroad�察�the competitors were reduced to two aviation firms�察�

and   as   one   or   these   ultimately   withdrew   from   the   contest   the   Sopwith 

Aviation      Company       of 

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