°Ëϲµç×ÓÊé > ¾­¹ÜÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > the mastery of the air(²Ù×Ý¿ÕÆø) >

µÚ31²¿·Ö

the mastery of the air(²Ù×Ý¿ÕÆø)-µÚ31²¿·Ö

С˵£º the mastery of the air(²Ù×Ý¿ÕÆø) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




actually¡¡flown¡¡by¡¡aeroplane¡¡during¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1912£»¡¡only¡¡one¡¡fatal¡¡accident¡¡

had¡¡¡¡¡¡occurred¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This£»¡¡¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pilots¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡

notoriously¡¡reckless£»¡¡and¡¡where¡¡far¡¡more¡¡airmen¡¡have¡¡been¡¡killed¡¡than¡¡in¡¡

Britain¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡we¡¡examine¡¡carefully¡¡the¡¡statistics¡¡dealing¡¡with¡¡fatal¡¡accidents¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡aeroplanes¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pioneers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡flying£»¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡famous¡¡

Wright¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Brothers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Bleriot£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Farman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Grahame¡­White£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡on£»¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

comparatively¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡accidents¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡cases£»¡¡¡¡¡¡defective¡¡

machines¡¡or¡¡treacherous¡¡wind¡¡gusts¡¡caused¡¡the¡¡craft¡¡to¡¡collapse¡¡in¡¡mid¡­air¡£¡¡

But£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule£»¡¡the¡¡first¡¡men¡¡to¡¡fly¡¡were¡¡careful¡¡to¡¡see¡¡that¡¡every¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

machine¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡order¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡going¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡rarely¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

grief¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡planes¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡sufficiently¡¡¡¡tightened¡¡¡¡¡¡up£»¡¡¡¡wires¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡

unduly¡¡strained£»¡¡spars¡¡snapping£»¡¡or¡¡bolts¡¡becoming¡¡loose¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Grahame¡­White¡¡¡¡¡¡admirably¡¡¡¡¡¡expresses¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

melancholy¡¡¡¡¡¡reflection£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡going¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡lists¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡aeroplane¡¡

fatalities£»¡¡to¡¡think¡¡how¡¡many¡¡might¡¡have¡¡been¡¡avoided¡£¡¡Really¡¡the¡¡crux¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡situation¡¡in¡¡this¡¡connection£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡is¡¡this£º¡¡the¡¡first¡¡men¡¡

who¡¡flew£»¡¡having¡¡had¡¡all¡¡the¡¡drudgery¡¡and¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡pioneer¡¡work£»¡¡were¡¡

extremely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡careful¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡did£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡accounts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

comparatively¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proportion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡airmen¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

survived¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨But¡¡the¡¡men¡¡who¡¡came¡¡next¡¡in¡¡the¡¡path¡¡of¡¡progress£»¡¡having¡¡a¡¡machine¡¡

ready¡­made£»¡¡so¡¡to¡¡speak£»¡¡and¡¡having¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡do¡¡but¡¡to¡¡get¡¡into¡¡it¡¡and¡¡fly£»¡¡

did¡¡not£»¡¡in¡¡many¡¡cases£»¡¡exercise¡¡this¡¡saving¡¡grace¡¡of¡¡caution¡£¡¡And¡¡thatat¡¡

least¡¡in¡¡my¡¡viewis¡¡why¡¡a¡¡good¡¡many¡¡of¡¡what¡¡one¡¡may¡¡call¡¡the¡¡second¡¡

flight¡¡of¡¡pilots¡¡came¡¡to¡¡grief¡£¡¨¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡138¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡139¡­

THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡139¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡140¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CHAPTER¡¡XLVI¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Accidents¡¡and¡¡their¡¡Cause¡¡£¨Cont¡££©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡main¡¡causes¡¡of¡¡aeroplane¡¡accidents¡¡has¡¡been¡¡the¡¡breakage¡¡

of¡¡some¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡machine¡¡while¡¡in¡¡the¡¡air£»¡¡due¡¡to¡¡defective¡¡work¡¡in¡¡its¡¡

construction¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡air¡­craft¡¡are¡¡far¡¡more¡¡trustworthy¡¡now¡¡

than¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡ago¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Builders¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡learned¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

mistakes¡¡of¡¡their¡¡predecessors¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡profited¡¡by¡¡their¡¡own¡£¡¡After¡¡every¡¡

serious¡¡accident¡¡there¡¡is¡¡an¡¡official¡¡enquiry¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡probable¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

accident£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡information¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡inestimable¡¡¡¡¡¡value¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡obtained¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡

such¡¡enquiries¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Royal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Aero¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Club¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Great¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Britain¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡special¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Accidents¡¡

Investigation¡¡Committee¡¨¡¡whose¡¡duty¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡issue¡¡a¡¡full¡¡report¡¡on¡¡every¡¡

fatal¡¡¡¡¡¡accident¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡occurs¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡aeroplane¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡rule£»¡¡

representatives¡¡of¡¡the¡¡committee¡¡visit¡¡the¡¡scene¡¡of¡¡the¡¡accident¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡

possible¡¡after¡¡its¡¡occurrence¡£¡¡Eye¡­witnesses¡¡are¡¡called¡¡before¡¡them¡¡to¡¡give¡¡

evidence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡disaster£»¡¡the¡¡remains¡¡of¡¡the¡¡craft¡¡are¡¡carefully¡¡inspected¡¡in¡¡

order¡¡to¡¡discover¡¡any¡¡flaw¡¡in¡¡its¡¡construction£»¡¡evidence¡¡is¡¡taken¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

nature¡¡and¡¡velocity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wind¡¡on¡¡the¡¡day¡¡of¡¡the¡¡accident£»¡¡the¡¡approximate¡¡

height¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡aviator¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡flying£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡fact£»¡¡¡¡¡¡everything¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡value¡¡

that¡¡might¡¡bear¡¡on¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡the¡¡accident¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡a¡¡good¡¡example¡¡of¡¡an¡¡official¡¡report¡¡we¡¡may¡¡quote¡¡that¡¡issued¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡Accidents¡¡Investigation¡¡Committee¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Royal¡¡Aero¡¡Club¡¡on¡¡the¡¡fatal¡¡

accident¡¡which¡¡occurred¡¡to¡¡Colonel¡¡Cody¡¡and¡¡his¡¡passenger¡¡on¡¡7th¡¡August£»¡¡

1913¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡representatives¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Accidents¡¡Committee¡¡visited¡¡the¡¡scene¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡accident¡¡¡¡¡¡within¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡few¡¡¡¡¡¡hours¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡occurrence£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡careful¡¡

examination¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wrecked¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡­craft¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Evidence¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

eye¡­witnesses¡¡of¡¡the¡¡accident¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨From¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡consideration¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡evidence¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Committee¡¡¡¡¡¡regards¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

following¡¡facts¡¡as¡¡clearly¡¡established£º¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨1¡£¡¡The¡¡air¡­craft¡¡was¡¡built¡¡at¡¡Farnborough£»¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡S¡£¡¡F¡£¡¡Cody£»¡¡in¡¡July£»¡¡

1913¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨2¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡new¡¡type£»¡¡designed¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Daily¡¡Mail¡¡Hydroplane¡¡Race¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡140¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡141¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡



round¡¡¡¡¡¡Great¡¡¡¡¡¡Britain£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡accident¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡land¡¡¡¡¡¡chassis¡¡

instead¡¡of¡¡floats¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨3¡£¡¡The¡¡wind¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡the¡¡accident¡¡was¡¡about¡¡10¡¡miles¡¡per¡¡hour¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨4¡£¡¡At¡¡about¡¡200¡¡feet¡¡from¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡the¡¡air¡­craft¡¡buckled¡¡up¡¡and¡¡fell¡¡

to¡¡the¡¡ground¡£¡¡A¡¡large¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡left¡¡wing£»¡¡composing¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡front¡¡spar¡¡between¡¡the¡¡fuselage¡¡and¡¡the¡¡first¡¡upright£»¡¡was¡¡picked¡¡up¡¡

at¡¡least¡¡100¡¡yards¡¡from¡¡the¡¡spot¡¡where¡¡the¡¡air¡­craft¡¡struck¡¡the¡¡ground¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨5¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡fall¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡­craft¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡broken¡¡¡¡¡¡considerably¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡trees£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

such¡¡an¡¡extent¡¡that¡¡the¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fuselage¡¡surrounding¡¡the¡¡seats¡¡was¡¡

practically¡¡undamaged¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨6¡£¡¡Neither¡¡the¡¡pilot¡¡nor¡¡passenger¡¡was¡¡strapped¡¡in¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨0pinion¡£¡¡The¡¡Committee¡¡is¡¡of¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡the¡¡failure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡air¡­craft¡¡

was¡¡due¡¡to¡¡inherent¡¡structural¡¡weakness¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Since¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡portion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡­craft¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pilot¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡passenger¡¡

were¡¡seated¡¡was¡¡undamaged£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡conceivable¡¡their¡¡lives¡¡might¡¡have¡¡been¡¡

saved¡¡had¡¡they¡¡been¡¡strapped¡¡in¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡occasion¡¡was¡¡not¡¡the¡¡only¡¡time¡¡when¡¡the¡¡Accidents¡¡Investigation¡¡

Committee¡¡recommended¡¡the¡¡advisability¡¡of¡¡the¡¡airman¡¡being¡¡strapped¡¡to¡¡

his¡¡seat¡£¡¡But¡¡many¡¡airmen¡¡absolutely¡¡refuse¡¡to¡¡wear¡¡a¡¡belt£»¡¡just¡¡as¡¡many¡¡

cyclists¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡bear¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡feet¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡fast¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pedals¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

cycles¡¡by¡¡using¡¡toe¡­clips¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mention¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡toe¡­clips¡¡¡¡¡¡brings¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡accidents¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡sometimes¡¡

befall¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡airmen¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡previous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡chapter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Hawker's¡¡

accident¡¡in¡¡Ireland¡¡was¡¡due¡¡to¡¡his¡¡foot¡¡slipping¡¡over¡¡the¡¡rudder¡¡bar¡¡of¡¡his¡¡

machine¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡the¡¡disaster¡¡to¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Pickles'¡¡machine¡¡on¡¡¡¨Aerial¡¡

Derby¡¨¡¡day¡¡in¡¡1913¡¡was¡¡due¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡cause£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡one¡¡occasion¡¡Mr¡£¡¡

Brock¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡danger¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡foot¡¡¡¡¡¡slipping¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rudder¡¡¡¡¡¡bar¡¡

while¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡practising¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡evolutions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡London¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Aerodome¡£¡¡

Machines¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡generally¡¡¡¡¡¡flying¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡fast¡¡¡¡¡¡rate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pilot¡¡¡¡¡¡loses¡¡

control¡¡of¡¡the¡¡machine¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡near¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡the¡¡chances¡¡are¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

aeroplane¡¡crashes¡¡to¡¡earth¡¡before¡¡he¡¡can¡¡right¡¡it¡£¡¡Both¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Hawker¡¡and¡¡Mr¡£¡¡

Pickles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡flying¡¡¡¡¡¡low¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡accidents£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

machines¡¡were¡¡smashed£»¡¡fortunately¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Brock¡¡was¡¡comparatively¡¡high¡¡up¡¡

in¡¡the¡¡air£»¡¡and¡¡though¡¡his¡¡machine¡¡rocked¡¡about¡¡and¡¡banked¡¡in¡¡an¡¡ominous¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡141¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡142¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡



manner£»¡¡yet¡¡he¡¡was¡¡able¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡control¡¡just¡¡in¡¡the¡¡nick¡¡of¡¡time¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡prevent¡¡accidents¡¡of¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡the¡¡rudder¡¡bars¡¡could¡¡be¡¡fitted¡¡with¡¡

pedals¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡pilot's¡¡feet¡¡could¡¡be¡¡secured¡¡by¡¡toe¡­clips£»¡¡as¡¡on¡¡bicycle¡¡

pedals¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Indeed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡makers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡­craft¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡already¡¡¡¡¡¡provided¡¡¡¡¡¡pedals¡¡

with¡¡toe¡­clips¡¡for¡¡the¡¡rudder¡¡bar¡£¡¡Probably¡¡some¡¡safety¡¡device¡¡such¡¡as¡¡this¡¡

will¡¡soon¡¡be¡¡made¡¡compulsory¡¡on¡¡all¡¡machines¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡already¡¡remarked¡¡that¡¡certain¡¡pilots¡¡do¡¡not¡¡pay¡¡sufficient¡¡heed¡¡

to¡¡the¡¡inspection¡¡of¡¡their¡¡machines¡¡before¡¡making¡¡a¡¡flight¡£¡¡The¡¡difference¡¡

between¡¡pilots¡¡in¡¡this¡¡respect¡¡is¡¡interesting¡¡to¡¡observe¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡great¡¡day¡¡at¡¡

Hendon£»¡¡in¡¡1913the¡¡Aerial¡¡Derby¡¡daythere¡¡were¡¡over¡¡a¡¡dozen¡¡pilots¡¡out¡¡

with¡¡their¡¡craft¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡the¡¡enclosure¡¡one¡¡could¡¡watch¡¡the¡¡airmen¡¡and¡¡their¡¡mechanics¡¡as¡¡

the¡¡machines¡¡were¡¡run¡¡out¡¡from¡¡the¡¡hangars¡¡on¡¡to¡¡the¡¡flying¡¡ground¡£¡¡One¡¡

pilot¡¡walked¡¡beside¡¡his¡¡mechanics¡¡while¡¡they¡¡were¡¡running¡¡the¡¡machine¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡starting¡¡¡¡¡¡place£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡watched¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡craft¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡¡¡¡¡fatherly¡¡¡¡¡¡interest¡£¡¡

Before¡¡climbing¡¡into¡¡his¡¡seat¡¡he¡¡would¡¡carefully¡¡inspect¡¡the¡¡spars£»¡¡bolts£»¡¡

wires£»¡¡¡¡¡¡controls£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡on£»¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡adjust¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡helmet¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡fasten¡¡

himself¡¡into¡¡his¡¡seat¡¡with¡¡a¡¡safety¡¡belt¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Surely¡¡with¡¡all¡¡that¡¡preliminary¡¡work¡¡he¡¡is¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡start£»¡¨¡¡remarked¡¡

one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡spectators¡¡¡¡¡¡standing¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡no£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡engine¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡run¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

varying¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡speeds£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mechanics¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hold¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡machine¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡

operation¡¡alone¡¡took¡¡three¡¡or¡¡four¡¡minutes£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡that¡¡the¡¡pilot¡¡proposed¡¡

to¡¡do¡¡was¡¡to¡¡circle¡¡the¡¡aerodrome¡¡two¡¡or¡¡three¡¡times¡£¡¡An¡¡onlooker¡¡asked¡¡a¡¡

mechanic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡anything¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wrong¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡particular¡¡¡¡¡¡machine¡£¡¡

¡¨No£¡¡¨¡¡was¡¡the¡¡reply£»¡¡¡¨but¡¡our¡¡governor's¡¡very¡¡faddy£»¡¡you¡¡know£¡¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡extreme£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Three¡¡¡¡¡¡mechanics¡¡¡¡¡¡emerged¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

hangar¡¡pushing¡¡a¡¡rather¡¡ungainly¡­looking¡¡biplane£»¡¡which¡¡bumped¡¡over¡¡the¡¡

uneven¡¡¡¡¡¡ground¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡pilot¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡distance¡¡¡¡¡¡behind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡cigarette¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

mouth£»¡¡joking¡¡with¡¡two¡¡or¡¡three¡¡friends¡£¡¡When¡¡the¡¡machine¡¡was¡¡run¡¡out¡¡

into¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡¡¡¡¡¡ground¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡skipped¡¡¡¡¡¡quickly¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡climbed¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡seat£»¡¡

started¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡engine£»¡¡¡¡waved¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡smiling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨good¡­bye¡¨£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡off¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

knew£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡rough¡¡¡¡¡¡jolting¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡craft¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡removed¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡hangar¡¡might¡¡have¡¡broken¡¡some¡¡wire¡¡on¡¡which¡¡the¡¡safety¡¡of¡¡his¡¡

machine£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡life£»¡¡¡¡¡¡depended¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡excuse¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

·µ»ØÄ¿Â¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ