伊浪窮徨慕 > 将砿凪麿窮徨慕 > the mastery of the air(荷忿腎賑) >

及31何蛍

the mastery of the air(荷忿腎賑)-及31何蛍

弌傍�� the mastery of the air(荷忿腎賑) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




actually flown by aeroplane during the year 1912�察�only one fatal accident 

had   occurred。   This�察  �too�察  �in   France�察  �where   some   of   the   pilots   have   been 

notoriously reckless�察�and where far more airmen have been killed than in 

Britain。 

     When we examine carefully the statistics dealing with fatal accidents 

in   aeroplanes   we   find   that   the   pioneers   of   flying�察  �such   as   the   famous 

Wright      Brothers�察    �Bleriot�察  �Farman�察     �Grahame´White�察        �and    so   on�察  �were 

comparatively   free   from   accidents。   No   doubt�察  �in   some   cases�察  �defective 

machines or treacherous wind gusts caused the craft to collapse in mid´air。 

But�察�as a rule�察�the first men to fly were careful to see that every part of the 

machine   was   in   order   before   going   up   in   it�察  �so   that   they  rarely  came   to 

grief  through   the   planes   not   being   sufficiently  tightened   up�察 �wires   being 

unduly strained�察�spars snapping�察�or bolts becoming loose。 

     Mr。   Grahame´White   admirably   expresses   this   when   he   says�此   �It   is   a 

melancholy   reflection�察  �when   one   is   going   through   the   lists   of   aeroplane 

fatalities�察�to think how many might have been avoided。 Really the crux of 

the situation in this connection�察�as it appears to me�察�is this�此�the first men 

who flew�察�having had all the drudgery and danger of pioneer work�察�were 

extremely       careful    in   all   they   did�察   �and    this  fact   accounts      for   the 

comparatively        large    proportion     of  these    very    first  airmen    who     have 

survived。 

     ;But the men who came next in the path of progress�察�having a machine 

ready´made�察�so to speak�察�and having nothing to do but to get into it and fly�察�

did not�察�in many cases�察�exercise this saving grace of caution。 And thatat 

least in my viewis why a good many of what one may call the second 

flight of pilots came to grief。; 



                                                 138 


´ Page 139´

THE MASTERY OF THE AIR 



                                               139 


´ Page 140´

                               THE MASTERY OF THE AIR 



                                 CHAPTER XLVI 



     Accidents and their Cause ��Cont。�� 

     One of the main causes of aeroplane accidents has been the breakage 

of some part of the machine while in the air�察�due to defective work in its 

construction。 There is no doubt that air´craft are far more trustworthy now 

than   they   were   two   or   three   years   ago。   Builders   have   learned   from   the 

mistakes of their predecessors as well as profited by their own。 After every 

serious accident there is an official enquiry as to the probable cause of the 

accident�察  �and   information   of   inestimable   value   has   been   obtained   from 

such enquiries。 

     The    Royal    Aero    Club    of  Great    Britain   has   a  special   ;Accidents 

Investigation Committee; whose duty it is to issue a full report on every 

fatal   accident   which   occurs   to   an   aeroplane   in   this   country。   As   a   rule�察�

representatives of the committee visit the scene of the accident as soon as 

possible after its occurrence。 Eye´witnesses are called before them to give 

evidence of the disaster�察�the remains of the craft are carefully inspected in 

order to discover any flaw in its construction�察�evidence is taken as to the 

nature and velocity of the wind on the day of the accident�察�the approximate 

height   at   which   the   aviator   was   flying�察  �and�察  �in   fact�察  �everything   of   value 

that might bear on the cause of the accident。 

     As a good example of an official report we may quote that issued by 

the Accidents Investigation Committee of the Royal Aero Club on the fatal 

accident which occurred to Colonel Cody and his passenger on 7th August�察�

1913。 

     ;The representatives of the Accidents Committee visited the scene of 

the   accident   within   a   few   hours   of   its   occurrence�察  �and   made   a   careful 

examination   of   the   wrecked   air´craft。   Evidence   was   also   taken   from   the 

eye´witnesses of the accident。 

     ;From   the   consideration   of   the   evidence   the   Committee   regards   the 

following facts as clearly established�此�

     ;1。 The air´craft was built at Farnborough�察�by Mr。 S。 F。 Cody�察�in July�察�

1913。 

     ;2。 It was a new type�察�designed for the Daily Mail Hydroplane Race 



                                               140 


´ Page 141´

                                THE MASTERY OF THE AIR 



round   Great   Britain�察  �but   at   the   time   of   the   accident   had   a   land   chassis 

instead of floats。 

     ;3。 The wind at the time of the accident was about 10 miles per hour。 

     ;4。 At about 200 feet from the ground the air´craft buckled up and fell 

to the ground。 A large piece of the lower left wing�察�composing the whole 

of the front spar between the fuselage and the first upright�察�was picked up 

at least 100 yards from the spot where the air´craft struck the ground。 

     ;5。 The   fall   of the   air´craft   was broken   considerably  by  the   trees�察  �to 

such an extent that the portion of the fuselage surrounding the seats was 

practically undamaged。 

     ;6。 Neither the pilot nor passenger was strapped in。 

     ;0pinion。 The Committee is of opinion that the failure of the air´craft 

was due to inherent structural weakness。 

     ;Since   that   portion   of   the   air´craft   in   which   the   pilot   and   passenger 

were seated was undamaged�察�it is conceivable their lives might have been 

saved had they been strapped in。; 

     This occasion was not the only time when the Accidents Investigation 

Committee recommended the advisability of the airman being strapped to 

his seat。 But many airmen absolutely refuse to wear a belt�察�just as many 

cyclists   cannot   bear   to   have   their   feet   made   fast   to   the   pedals   of   their 

cycles by using toe´clips。 

     Mention   of   toe´clips   brings   us   to   other   accidents   which   sometimes 

befall    airmen。    As   we   have    seen   in  a  previous    chapter�察   �Mr。   Hawker's 

accident in Ireland was due to his foot slipping over the rudder bar of his 

machine。 It is thought that the disaster to Mr。 Pickles' machine on ;Aerial 

Derby; day in 1913 was due to the same cause�察�and on one occasion Mr。 

Brock   was   in   great   danger   through   his   foot   slipping   on   the   rudder   bar 

while     he   was    practising    some    evolutions     at  the   London      Aerodome。 

Machines   are   generally   flying   at   a   very   fast   rate�察  �and   if   the   pilot   loses 

control of the machine when it is near the ground the chances are that the 

aeroplane crashes to earth before he can right it。 Both Mr。 Hawker and Mr。 

Pickles     were    flying   low   at  the   time   of   their  accidents�察   �and   so   their 

machines were smashed�察�fortunately Mr。 Brock was comparatively high up 

in the air�察�and though his machine rocked about and banked in an ominous 



                                                141 


´ Page 142´

                                THE MASTERY OF THE AIR 



manner�察�yet he was able to gain control just in the nick of time。 

     To prevent accidents of this kind the rudder bars could be fitted with 

pedals to which the pilot's feet could be secured by toe´clips�察�as on bicycle 

pedals。   Indeed�察  �some   makers   of   air´craft   have   already   provided   pedals 

with toe´clips for the rudder bar。 Probably some safety device such as this 

will soon be made compulsory on all machines。 

     We have already remarked that certain pilots do not pay sufficient heed 

to the inspection of their machines before making a flight。 The difference 

between pilots in this respect is interesting to observe。 On the great day at 

Hendon�察�in 1913the Aerial Derby daythere were over a dozen pilots out 

with their craft。 

     From the enclosure one could watch the airmen and their mechanics as 

the machines were run out from the hangars on to the flying ground。 One 

pilot walked beside his mechanics while they were running the machine to 

the   starting   place�察  �and   watched   his   craft   with   almost   fatherly   interest。 

Before climbing into his seat he would carefully inspect the spars�察�bolts�察�

wires�察  �controls�察  �and   so   on�察  �then   he   would   adjust   his   helmet   and   fasten 

himself into his seat with a safety belt。 

     ;Surely with all that preliminary work he is ready to start�察─�remarked 

one   of   the   spectators   standing   by。   But   no�   �the   engine   must   be   run   at 

varying      speeds�察   �while    the   mechanics      hold    back    the   machine。     This 

operation alone took three or four minutes�察�and all that the pilot proposed 

to do was to circle the aerodrome two or three times。 An onlooker asked a 

mechanic       if  there  were    anything     wrong    with   that   particular   machine。 

;No� ─�was the reply�察 �but our governor's very faddy�察�you know� ─�

     And   now   for   the   other   extreme�   �Three   mechanics   emerged   from   a 

hangar pushing a rather ungainly´looking biplane�察�which bumped over the 

uneven   ground。   The   pilot   was   some   distance   behind�察  �with   cigarette   in 

mouth�察�joking with two or three friends。 When the machine was run out 

into the   open   ground   he   skipped   quickly  up   to   it�察  �climbed   into   the   seat�察�

started   the   engine�察 �waved   a smiling   ;good´bye;�察 �and   was off。  For   all   he 

knew�察  �that   rather   rough   jolting   of   the   craft   while   it   was   being   removed 

from the hangar might have broken some wire on which the safety of his 

machine�察  �and   his   life�察  �depended。   The   excuse   cannot   be   made   that   his 



                           

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議